素月詩의 韻律的 特質에 關한 考察

배봉석 春川敎育大學 1974 碩友論文集 Vol.2 No.1

국내 재배 6년근 고려인삼과 미국삼의 가공방법에 따른 성분 비교

배봉석(Bong Seok Bae),이명우(Myeong Woo Lee),이준수(Jun Su Lee),박철수(Chul Su Pack),한민우(Min Woo Han) 한국약용작물학회 2021 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Characterization of Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer): History, preparation method, and chemical composition

이상명,배봉석,박희원,안남근,조병규,조영래,곽예승 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.4

It has been reported that Korean Red Ginseng has been manufactured for 1,123 y as described in the GoRyeoDoGyeong record. The Korean Red Ginseng manufactured by the traditional preparation method has its own chemical component characteristics. The ginsenoside content of the red ginseng is shown as Rg1: 3.3 mg/g, Re: 2.0 mg/g, Rb1: 5.8 mg/g, Rc:1.7 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.4 mg/g, respectively. It is known that Korean ginseng generally consists of the main root and the lateral or fine roots at a ratio of about 75:25. Therefore, the red ginseng extract is prepared by using this same ratio of the main root and lateral or fine roots and processed by the historical traditional medicine prescription. The red ginseng extract is prepared through a water extraction (90 C for 14e16 h) and concentration process (until its final concentration is 70e73 Brix at 50e60 C). The ginsenoside contents of the red ginseng extract are shown as Rg1: 1.3 mg/g, Re: 1.3 mg/g, Rb1: 6.4 mg/g, Rc:2.5 mg/g, Rb2: 2.3 mg/g, and Rd: 0.9 mg/g, respectively. Arginine-fructose-glucose (AFG) is a specific amino-sugar that can be produced by chemical reaction of the process when the fresh ginseng is converted to red ginseng. The content of AFG is 1.0e1.5% in red ginseng. Acidic polysaccharide, which has been known as an immune activator, is at levels of 4.5e7.5% in red ginseng. Therefore, we recommended that the chemical profiles of Korean Red Ginseng made through the defined traditional method should be well preserved and it has had its own chemical characteristics since its traditional development.

외반주 변형에 대해 변형한 Y형 해부학적 금속판 내고정에 의한 과상부 절골술

문은선,배봉석 대한견주관절의학회 1998 대한견주관절학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1998 No.5

20년 이상 장기저장된 홍삼의 이화학적 특성변화 및 품질안정성

곽이성,한민우,배봉석,안남근,유혜영,박철수,백인호,조병구 한국생약학회 2017 생약학회지 Vol.48 No.4

This study was investigated the changes of quality stability and physicochemical characteristics of the Korean red ginsengs stored for a long times over 20 years. The Korean red ginsengs were stored for 4 to 22 years in canned packaging with polypropylene film and wooden box at room temperatures. The unusal phenomena such as discoloration and pin hole in packaging were not observed. General bacteria showed the vlaues of below 100 CFU/g, coliform groups and molds were not found in any samples stored for 22 year. Any samples also were not detected in mycotoxins. The contents of moisture, ash and crude saponin were the levels of 10.6~11.1%, 3.8~4.2% and 4.1~4.7% during the whole storage periods, respectively. The contents of maltol, which has been known as characteristic flavour and antioxidant of Korean red ginseng, showed remarkably increasing tendency from 0.10 mg/g for 4 years to 2.53 mg/g for 22 years during the storage. The contents of AFG (arginyl-fructosyl-glucose), arginine and free sugar were slightly decreased. Acidic polysaccharide and ginsenoside were not changed significantly during the storage periods. The contents of acidic polysaccharide and total ginsenosides were the 75.1~76.3 mg/g and 15.1~16.6 mg/g, respectively. The sums of ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rb1 and -Rg3s were the ranges of 9.3~9.9 mg/g and PD (ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2,-Rc,-Rd,-Rg3s,-Rg3r)/PT (ginsenoside-Rg1,-Rg2,-Re,-Rf,-Rh1) saponin ratios were the levels of 1.4~1.5. These results suggest that Korean red ginsengs stored for long periods show relatively stable quaility stabilities and not significantly changed the contents of ginsenoside and polysaccharide during the storage up to 22 years.

인삼 품종별 경흔적 분포 및 홍삼의 진세노사이드 종류에 따른 연근 판별

김영창,김장욱,배봉석,강제용,김동휘,현동윤,이준수 한국약용작물학회 2017 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Background: In Korea, 6-year-old ginseng root is economically more important than 4 or 5-year-old roots. In general, the root age is determined by counting the number of stem vestiges. However, this method does not accurately estimate ginseng root age. Methods and Results: In this study, the stem vestige counting method was used to survey a total of 18,395 fresh ginsengs cultured in 2014, and 2015, to determine the accuracy of this method. The proportion of 6-year-old roots, with more than four stem vestiges, was 46.1% in 2014. For the cultivar Chunpoong cultivated in Eumseong and Goesan countries in 2015, the proportion of more than four stem vestiges was 55.9%, and 43.5%, respectively. The proportion of more than four stem vestiges for the Gumpoong cultivated in Eumseong and Yangpyeong countries was 67.0%, and 35.1%, respectively, whereas that for the cultivar Yunpoong was 36.0% and 61.0%, respectively. Moreover, it was confirmed that differences in the levels of Rg1 will enable root age determination. Conclusions: Root age determination by the stem vestige test was found to differ depending on the environmental and cultivation conditions. To determine the age of ginseng roots, a comprehensive method, such as counting stem vestiges and evaluating differences in ginsenoside levels, should be applied.

In situ analysis of chemical components induced by steaming between fresh ginseng, steamed ginseng, and red ginseng

인교,안남근,배봉석,이명우,박희원,장경화,조병구,한창균,박재규,곽이성 고려인삼학회 2017 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.41 No.3

Background: The chemical constituents of Panax ginseng are changed by processing methods such as steaming or sun drying. In the present study, the chemical change of Panax ginseng induced by steaming was monitored in situ. Methods: Samples were separated from the same ginseng root by incision during the steaming process, for in situ monitoring. Sampling was sequentially performed in three stages; FG (fresh ginseng) / SG (steamed ginseng) / RG (red ginseng) and 60 samples were prepared and freeze dried. The samples were then analyzed to determine 43 constituents among three stages of P. ginseng. Results: The results showed that six malonyl-ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Rd, Rb2) and 15 amino acids were decreased in concentration during the steaming process. In contrast, ginsenoside-Rh1, 20(S)-Rg2, 20(S, R)-Rg3 and Maillard reaction product such as AF (arginine-fructose), AFG (arginine-fructoseglucose), and maltol were newly generated or their concentrations were increased. Conclusion: This study elucidates the dynamic changes in the chemical components of P. ginseng when the steaming process was induced. These results are thought to be helpful for quality control and standardization of herbal drugs using P. ginseng and they also provide a scientific basis for pharmacological research of processed ginseng (Red ginseng).

반응표면분석법을 이용한 진세노사이드 Re 성분이 함유된 리포솜 제조조건 최적화

장현호,이의석,배봉석,홍순택 한국식품영양과학회 2020 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.49 No.7

This experiment was carried out to study the process and optimization conditions for the preparation of ‘ginsenoside Re liposome’ using response surface methodology. Ginsenoside Re fractions obtained from ginseng berry, were incorporated in the lipid membrane of phosphatidylcholine (PC), and subjected to a homogenization process to prepare ginsenoside Re liposomes. In the experimental design, the independent variables were the amount of PC, a raw material for producing liposome, and the ginsenoside Re, the loading material. The dependent variables were the loading efficiency, and the loaded amount based on the PC unit concentration. As a result, the maximum loading efficiency was observed in the treatment of the highest PC and the lowest ginsenoside Re formulation (No. 2 treatment) (approximately 71%), while the maximum load per PC unit concentration was in the treatment of the lowest PC and the highest ginsenoside Re formulation (No 3 treatment) (about 14 mg/g PC). The optimization condition was determined by overlaying the change of the loading efficiency and the loaded amount according to the combination of each independent variable. The optimal combination of PC and ginsenoside Re was 3.11925 g and 42.51 mg, respectively, and the loading efficiency and the loaded amount per PC unit concentration were predicted to be 58.7114% and 7.93069 mg/g PC, respectively. 본 실험은 ‘진세노사이드 Re 리포솜’ 제조를 위한 공정 연구와 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적화 조건을 연구하기 위해 수행되었다. 인삼열매로부터 진세노사이드 Re 분획물을 얻었으며, 이를 인지질의 지질막에 포집하고 균질화 공정을 거쳐 진세노사이드 Re 리포솜을 제조하였다. 실험 설계에있어서 독립변수는 리포솜 제조 원료인 인지질(PC) 및 포집물질인 진세노사이드 Re의 배합량으로 하였으며, 이에 따른 종속변수는 포집율 및 인지질 단위 배합량 기준의 포집량으로 하였다. 그 결과 최대 포집율과 포집량은 각각 상반되는 조건에서 형성되는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 최대 포집율은 PC 배합량이 가장 높고 진세노사이드 Re 배합량이 가장 적은 배합예(No 2 실험구)에서 관찰되었으며(약 71%), 반면에 최대 포집량은 PC 배합량이 가장 적고 진세노사이드 Re 배합량이 가장 많은 배합예(No 3 실험구)에서 관찰되었다(약 14 mg/g PC). 따라서 독립변수들의 조합에 따른 포집율과 포집량의 변화를 오버레이(overlay) 하여 이들을 동시에 최대로 할 수 있는 최적 조건을 도출하였다. PC 및 진세노사이드 Re의 최적 배합량 조합은 각각 3.11925 g 및 42.51 mg이었으며, 이때 포집율 및 PC 단위 배합량 당 포집량은 각각 58.7114%, 7.93069 mg/g으로 예측되었다.

장관골 감염성 불유합의 Ilizarov 기구를 이용한 치료결과

송은규,정성택,배봉석 대한골절학회 1998 대한골절학회지 Vol.11 No.2

We reviewed infected non-union of tibia and femur which had been treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and Ilizarov method in thirty-nine patients. All patients had either one-segment or two segment lengthening of bone with a technique of bone transport. The size of the bone defect that was bridged averaged 5.7cm (range, 2 to 16cm). All cases attained bone union and the infection was eradicated in all pattints before the fixator was removed. The mean duration of external fixator was 14 months(range, 4-28months). The mean external fixation index was 1.6 months/cm and the mean distraction index was 23.2 days/cm. The functional results were excellent in 3 patients, good in 19, fair in 9, poor in 8. The bone results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 20, fair in 10, poor in 4. Complication were pin tract infection in 15 patients, equinus contracture of ankle in 2, knee flexion contracture in 1, transient sensory change in 1, axial deviation in 2, premature consolidation in 2, delayed union in 2, and leg length discrepancy in 2, and refracture in I. In conclucion, the Ilizarov method is very effective for treatment of infected non-union with bone loss, limb shortening and soft tissue defect.

Effects of red ginseng oil(KGC11 o) on testosterone-propionate-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia

이정윤,김소혁,김석호,김종한,배봉석,구기방,Seung Ho So,Jeongmin Lee,Yoo-Hyun Lee 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a disease characterized by abnormal proliferation ofthe prostate, which occurs frequently in middle-aged men. In this study, we report the effect of redginseng oil (KGC11o) on BPH. Methods: The BPH-induced Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, BPH, KGC11o25, 50, 100, 200, and finasteride groups. KGC11o and finasteride were administered for 8 weeks. The BPHbiomarkers, DHT, 5AR1, and 5AR2, androgen receptor, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Bax, Bcl-2, andTGF-b were determined in the serum and prostate tissue. The cell viability after KGC11o treatment wasdetermined using BPH-1 cells, and, androgen receptor, Bax, Bcl-2, and TGF-b were confirmed by westernblotting. Results: In the in vivo study, administration of KGC11o reduced prostate weight by 18%, suppressed DHT(up to 22%) and 5AR2 (up to 12%) levels from administration of 100 mg/kg KGC11o (P < 0.05). PSA wassignificantly downregulated dose-dependently from at the concentration of 50 mg/kg KGC11o (P < 0.05). BPH-1 cell viability significantly reduced through the treatment with KGC11o. In vitro and vivo, AR, Bcl-2TGF-b levels reduced significantly but Bax was increased (P < 0.05). Conclusion: These results suggest that KGC11o may inhibit the development of BPH by significantlyreducing the levels of BPH biomarkers via 5ARI, anti-androgenic effect, and anti-proliferation effect,serving as a potential functional food for treating BPH.