경제난 이후 북한 가족의 사회연결망 강화전략

박현선 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 2002 한국문화연구 Vol.2 No.-

In the face of economic crisis and food shortages in the mid of 1990s, the North Korea has reached at the state of being paralyzed in function of the distributor of the nation. This dissertation starts from the perception about where the power to sustain the North Koreans’ lives is from in the face of this crisis. On the basis of this perception the fundamental driving power to keep the North Korea system is found not in the political ideology, at an abstract level but in the family unit, at a concrete one. That means the strategic response in the terms of the family unit, the survival unit of North Koreans. The North Korean family exert its driving power as a survival unit to overcome the family crisis which is family poverty, ensuring the family unit reproduction. The family strategic response is changed according to the member of family which consists of a family and material resources, by that response the family survival and guaranteeing of the reproduction are determined. Hence this dissertation aims to identify the strategic deeds which are called as the North Korean family’ social network coping with the structural crisis, analyzing the North korean family’s reproduction mechanism at behavioral level, which had just been discussed at structural level until now. This dissertation is on the family strategy as the theoretical base. Family strategy means that a family maximizes its profit in coping with the pressure of structural change, and it reveals specifically as family subsistence strategy, the changes in the family structure, and the social network etc. The studying methods of this dissertation are a questionnaire, surveying 165 respondents who have defected to South Korea from the North and a case study on 20 respondents who have defected to South Korea from the North. The North Korean family experiences the social network in the process of performing changes in the family structure, or family subsistence strategy. It means that they utilize not only the personal connections such as relatives, neighbors, friends but also the public connections such as job place, social organizations, the authorities or the nation. When comparing the North Koreans ‘utility perception - utility degree - increase of utility degree’ toward social network, the degree is lower than perception, the increase of utility is lower than utility degree since economic crisis. On one hand, this tendency means that the North korean family and the social network which consists of it have being experienced the depletion of intrinsic sources. On the other hand, it implies that in the situation of people’s not being satisfied much less than expected the relative dispossession can be caused. The utility forms of the North Korean family’s social network are summarized as follows. First, The North Korean family is utilizing the personal connections most actively such as relatives, friends among social network. Through analyzing kinship as the personal connections, we can find the evidence of coexistence of "man-centered paternal kinship" and "non-man projecting maternal and paternal kinship." Second, the North Korean family uses the public connections in the form of presenting a kind of bribe for the authorities or job place and getting a kind of privilege in return. By this the mechanism of activating non-public relation of public range, and of presenting a bribe and getting a privilege from that can be identified. The North Korean family guarantees its survival through the social network like this. Social network utility itself ensures subsistence directly because of containing material supports, while of public connections utility functions as the condition for being guaranteeing on reproduction activity or supporting the economic activity. This imply that the responsibility of the nation for securing people’s lives and family lives is transferred to a family unit, filtering the complaints for nation within a family unit, the low structure.

신경외과 수술 환자의 수술부위감염률 감소 및 적절한 예방적 항균제 사용을 위한 지침 마련

박현선,김진욱,오은탁,서현성,전재균,정문현,이진수,김수미 한국의료QA학회 2007 가을학술대회 Vol.2007 No.3

흉추 반상수막종: 증례 보고

박현선,이상호,최영근,이상윤,강호영,윤득희,조병준 대한영상의학회 2005 대한영상의학회지 Vol.52 No.6

Spinal en plaque meningioma is rarely found in the spinal canal, although lateral sphenoid wing meningioma displays a propensity for growth en plaque. We encountered a case of completely circumferential spinal en plaque meningioma, which is an even rarer condition. Herein, we report the CT & MRI findings along with a review of the related literature. 척추 수막종은 원발성 척추종양의 약 25%를 점유하여 신경성 종양 다음으로 흔한 종양이나, 척추 반상수막종(en plaque meningioma)은 매우 드물어 발생 빈도가 알려져 있지 않다. 저자들은 흉추에서 척수를 완전히 에워싸는 반상수막종을 경험하였기에 증례 보고 및 문헌 고찰하는 바이다.

소아에 있어서 뇌전산화단층 촬영상 결절성 두개강내 병변에 관한 임상적 연구

박현선,최중언 대한신경외과학회 1989 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.18 No.4

To make guideline to the diagnosis and treatment and or the intracranial nodular lesions, the authors made a clinical analysis on 81 pediatric patients who had showed nodular lesions on brain CT scan at Severance Hospital from Mar. 1979 to Feb. 1989 and the results were summarized as follows. 1) The peak incidence of intracranial nodular lesions were found in the 2nd decade(61.7%). There was no sexual difference. 2) The most common clinical symptom was seizure(92.6%) and the predilection site was parietal area. The nodular enhancing type on brain CT scan showed not only the most common type but also the most favorable clinical course. 3) As the etiology of the intracranial nodular lesions, tuberculosis, paragonimiasis, cysticercosis, tumor(meningioma), and aspergillosis were confirmed or suspected, but tuberculosis was the most common. CSF routine examination, chest PA, PNS X-rays, skin test for paragonimiasis and tuberculosis, CSF ELISA test for cysticercosis and paragonimiasis should be routine as the diagnostic studies. 4) We made treatment principle for intracranial nodular lesions. In cases that initial brain CT can show low density or calcified density without contrast enhancement, we treat those patients with anticonvulsants and steroid with regular check-up. If the lesion increase in size or new enhancement develops on follow up CT scan, medications for the suspected etiology should be added. In cases that initial brain CT scan show enhancing lesions, treatment is started with anticonvulsants and medications for the etiology regular check up. If the lesion increase in size on follow up CT scan or seizure is uncontrolled, surgery should be considered.

북한 경제개혁 이후 가족과 여성생활의 변화

박현선 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원 2005 여성학논집 Vol.22 No.1

북한의 총체적 위기였던 1990년대의 경제난 시기에 국가가 의식주 공급자 역할을 수행할 수 없게 되자 가족의 생계를 보장한 주체는 바로 여성이었다. 북한은 경제가 회복기에 들어섰다는 판단 아래 2002년 7·1경제관리개선조치를 시작으로 '실리사회주의 실현'을 목표로 한 경제개혁과 사회 전반의 혁신(evolution) 작업을 추진하고 있다. 실리주의적 개혁은 비효율성의 근절이라는 명분 아래 배급제 및 사회보장서비스를 축소함으로써 국가의 부담을 줄이고 개인의 책임을 높이는 방향으로 진행된다. 이 같은 제도적 변화는 곧 가족생활비를 증가시켰고, 이러한 구조적 문제에 대응하여 북한 가족은 가족책임제를 강화하는 한편 여성의 사경제활동을 확대한다. 결국 실리주의를 표방하는 북한의 경제개혁과 사회개혁이 국가적 차원에서 효율성 제고와 국가 경쟁력 확대를 추구하고 있으나, 사적 차원에서 국가의 줄어든 부담을 고스란히 개인과 가족이 떠안게 되고, 그 부담의 최종 종착지는 바로 가족경영의 주체인 여성이 되는 것이다. When the North Korean regime failed to provide basic necessities for the people in the face of the economic crisis of the 1990s, women were forced to rise to the challenge of becoming the main breadwinners in their families. With signs of a slight economic recovery, Pyongyang has carried out comprehensive economic reforms. These reforms began with the July Economic Reform Measures in 2002. This evolutionary move, however, was geared toward reducing role of the public distribution system and social welfare, which the regime believed would privately and publicly improve the efficiency of economic management, as well as shift the state's burdens onto individuals. To cope with these changes, which have increased living expenses, North Korean families have had to shoulder heavier responsibilities, and more North Korean women have been driven to take up private economic activities. Although the economic and social reforms for an efficiency-oriented socialism may sharpen the country's competitiveness and raise the standard of living as a whole, in reality, responsibilities previously handled by the state were simply rendered to individuals and families. The transferred burdens are, in the end, to be imposed on women, who take a leading role in managing families.

요추간판 탈출증에서 체성감각 유발전위의 변화

박현선,김봉운,송명자,노성만 大韓再活醫學會 1990 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.14 No.2

일본군 ‘위안부’의 영화적 기억과 크로노폴리틱스

박현선 대중서사학회 2020 대중서사연구 Vol.26 No.1

This paper examines how the cinematic representation of the Japanese military “comfort women” stimulates ‘imagination’ in the realm of everyday life and in the memory of the masses, creating a common awareness and affect. The history of the Japanese military “comfort women” was hidden for a long time, and it was not until the 1990s that it entered the field of public recognition. Such a transition can be attributed to the external and internal chronopolitics that made possible the testimony of the victims and the discourse of the “comfort women” issue. It shows the peculiar status of the comfort women history as ‘politics of time’. In the same vein, the cinematic representations of the Japanese military “comfort women” can be found in similar chronopolitics. The ‘comfort women’ films have shown the dual time frame of the continuity and discontinuity of the ‘silence’. In Korean film history, the chronotope of the reproduction of “comfort women” can be divided into four phases: 1) the fictional representations of “comfort women” before the 1990s 2) documentaries in the late 1990s as the work of testimony and history writing, 3) melodramatic transformation in the feature films in the 2000s, and 4) the diffusion of media and categories. The purpose of this article is to focus on the first phase and the third phase in which the issue of ‘comfort women’ is represented in the category of popular fiction films. While the “comfort women” representations before 1990 were strictly adhering to the framework of commercial movies and pursued the sexual exploitation of “comfort women” history, the recent films since the 2000s are experimenting with various attempts in the style of popular imagination. Especially, the emergence of ‘comfort women’ feature films in the 2000s, such as Spirit’s Homecoming, I Can Speak, and Herstory, raise various questions as to whether we are “properly” aware of issues and how to remember and present the “cultural memory” of comfort women. Also, focusing on the cinematic representation strategies of the 2000s “comfort women”, this article discusses the popular politics of melodrama, the representation of victims and violence, and the feature of ‘comfort women’ as meta-memory. As a melodramatic imagination and meta-memory for the historical trauma, the “comfort women” drama shows the historical, political, and aesthetic gateways to which the “comfort women” problem must pass. As we have seen in recent fiction films, the issue of “comfort women” goes beyond transnational relations between Korea and Japan; it demands a postcolonial task to dismantle the old colonial structure and explores a transnational project in which women’s movements and human rights movements are linked internationally.

북한 경제 위기와 가족의 사회 연결망 변화

박현선 극동문제연구소 2003 極東問題 Vol.14 No.4

대이개신경 이식을 이용한 추체골 우회 안면신경 재건술

박현선,조경기,정상섭,Park, Hyeon-Seon,Cho, Kyung-Gi,Chung, Sang-Sup 대한미세수술학회 1993 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.2 No.1

Although various methods had been reported for reanimination of facial nerve palsy, interposition nerve graft remains superior to other methods if there is a wide gap to be bridged. Dott described a excllent facial nerve reconstruction by sural nerve graft bypassing petrous bone. But his method needs two surgical fields and is performed in two stages. Authors desribe a traumatic facial nerve palsy treated by one stage facial nerve reconstruction that is performed in one surgical field by using a great auricular nerve interposition graft and bypass the petous bone.

재일동포의 국가 및 민족 정체성과 현실인식 : 『문학예술』의 한국어 수필을 중심으로 Focused on their essay

박현선 한중인문학회 2006 한중인문학연구 Vol.17 No.-

재일동포 한국어 수필을 고찰하는 데 있어서 전제되어야 할 것은 그들의 북한 편향적 성향을 지닐 수밖에 없었던 역사적 필연성, 국가적·민족적 정체성의 확립을 갈망할 수밖에 없었던 현실적 요인, 그리고 재일동포에게 있어 모국어가 지니는 의미 및 이들의 모국어 사용 능력에 대한 이해이다. 재일동포 한국어 수필은 그들이 경험한 역사적·사회적·문화적 특수성과 긴밀하게 관련되어 있기 때문이다. 재일동포 한국어 수필의 주제의식을 우선적인 연구대상으로 삼아야 하는 이유가 여기에 있다. 재일동포 한국어 수필에서 지속적으로 드러나는 주제의식은 국가 및 민족 정체성에 대한 확립 의지이다. 이는 통일에 대한 염원, 그리고 한글의식 고취와 민족교육에 대한 노력으로 구체화된다. 통일은 재일동포의 귀국의지를 실현하기 위한 근본적이면서도 일차적인 요건이며, 적어도 일본에서 살고 있는 이들의 국가적·민족적 정체성을 회복하기 위한 전제조건으로서 의의를 지닌다. 그리고 한글은 민족 정체성을 드러내는 가장 명확한 상징으로서, 민족 교육은 그러한 한글을 수호하고 민족적 집단의식을 강화하는 현실적 방법으로서 의의를 지닌다. 즉 이러한 주제의식은 재일동포들이 역사적·사회적·실존적 상흔을 치유하고 심리적 안정감을 획득하기 위한 노력을 드러낸다. 반면에 재일동포의 남북한에 대한 인식 태도는 시대적 상황에 따라 변화한다. 남북한의 이데올로기적 대립이 첨예했던 시기(1960~1980년 이전)에 재일동포는 북한 지향적 태도를 확연히 드러낸다. 그러나 남북한 민중의 통일지향이 가시회(1980~1990년 이전)되면서 재일동포의 남북한에 대한 인식과 태도는 변화된다. 즉 남한 비판과 북한 찬양이 모두 줄어들고 문화 활동과 관련된 내용이 급격하게 늘어난다. 이것은 재일동포가 남북한에 대한 인식을 객관화하기 시작했을 뿐 아니라 자신들의 현실적 문제에 관심을 두기 시작했음을 의미한다. 1990년대 이후 변화는 구체화된다. 북한 주도의 통일을 지향하던 과거와는 달리 남북한의 화합 자체를 지향하고, 이에 따라 김일성을 찬양하는 내용도 현격히 줄어든다. 그리고 자신들의 실존적인 삶의 문제에 진지한 관심을 드러내기 시작한다. 재일동포 한국어 수필이 드러내는 이러한 변화는 민족화합 및 통일문학사 기술에 기여할 수 있는 가능성을 드러낸다는 점에서 의의를 지닌다. When examining the Korean essay written by them, we must understand in advance that they hava a leaning toward north Korean and are eager for establishing their national identity caused by historical background, and how meaningful their mother tongue is and how nicely they can use it. It is because the essay is closely related to their social, cultural, historical memory. And also that's why we first choose the theme of the Korean residents in Japan as the subject of the study. The consistent flow of the theme takes strong root in their essay. It gives shape to long cherished desire for the unification of North and South, the national education and inspiration of the sense of Hangeul(Korean alphabet). The unification of the nation is the first and fundamental requisite to materialize the will for coming back to their country and at least has meanings as a premise for recovering national identity of people living in Japan. In addition, as Hangeul is the most distinctive symbol of the Koreans, the education means we take our mother tongue under protection realistically. In other words, this kind of sense of theme is the result of an effort to cure the historical, social, existential scar and to secure stability. On the other hand, their attitude for north and south korea is changeable depending on the wave of times. When the ideological confrontation was extreme(before 1960~1990), Korean residents in Japan move toward north korea definitely. Yet, when the unification became visible, their recognition and attitude started to transform. Namely, the criticism of south and the applause of the north become smaller and the cultural activity increase. This means they begin to see south and north objectively and to be interested in their own actual problem. The change starts to take a definition form since 1990. Depart from the past, they aspire to get harmony itself of north and south. Therefore admiration of Kim Ilsung decreases abruptly. And the existential matter in their life is getting more important. This sort of change in essay written by the Korean residents in Japan is significant because it reveals the possibility of national unification and the devotion of united literature history.