동박과 접착력 향상을 위한 폴리이미드 합성 및 접착특성 평가

박재연(Jae Yun Park),박종현(Jong Hyun Park),박유민(Yu Min Park),박노균(No Kyun Park),김윤호(Yun Ho Kim),원종찬(Jong Chan Won) 한국고분자학회 2017 폴리머 Vol.41 No.5

차세대(5G) 디스플레이의 발전으로 인하여 데이터 전송량이 점차 증가하므로, 신호전송이 빠른 대역대인 고주파 대역을 사용한다. 신호전송을 위한 회로는 동박과 폴리이미드 필름으로 이뤄진 유연동박적층판(FCCL)이 사용되는데, 고주파는 표면으로 신호가 흐르므로 두 소재 사이의 계면 조도를 낮춰 경로를 최소화하여야 한다. 그러나 저조도 동박을 사용하면 동박과 폴리이미드 수지와의 접착 강도가 떨어지게 되므로 이러한 문제점을 보완해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 동박과 접착력 향상을 위해 다양한 폴리이미드 구조를 설계하고, 아민계 실란 기능기를 도입한 폴리아믹산을 합성하였다. 다양한 구조의 폴리아믹산은 pyromellitic dianhydride(PMDA), 3,3"4,4"-biphenyltetracarboxylicdianhydride(BPDA), 4,4"-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride(6FDA)와 m-tolidine(mTB), 2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1"-biphenyl]-4,4"-diamine(TFMB) 등의 조합으로 합성하여, 이를 동박에 코팅하고 이미드화하여 FCCL을 제조하였다. 접착력에 대한 특성은 다양한 폴리이미드 구조에 따른 박리 강도 시험과 분리된 계면에 대한 AFM, SEM, 접촉각 측정으로 상관관계를 비교 해석하여 확인하였다. Since the development in mobile display requires high data transmission speed, there is a growing need in the development of flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) for flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) that has a high signal propagation at high frequency range. The circuit for signal transmission uses FCCL which is composed of copper foil and polyimide film. The surface roughness of copper foil has to be low to reduce the pathway of signal because the current flows near the surface at high frequency range. However, such low roughness of the copper foil results in poor adhesion to polyimide, which is a problem that should be addressed. In this study, the poly(amic acid)s (PAAs) having various structures were synthesized and the silane functional group was introduced as end group to investigate the enhancement in the adhesion with the copper metal. Various polyimide structures were synthesized with the combinations of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4"-(hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (TEOS), 3,3",4,4"-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), m-tolidine (mTB) and 2,2"-bis(trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-4,4"-diamine (TFDB). The synthesized PAAs were casted on the copper foil and were imidized for the fabrication of polyimide for FCCL. The adhesion strength between the polyimide and the copper foil was investigated by peel strength test and interfacial characteristics was investigated with AFM, SEM, FTIR and contact angle measurement.

국내 역사공원의 지정 및 조성 경향 분석

길지혜,박희성,박재민,Gil, Ji-Hye,Park, Hee-Soung,Park, Jae-Min 한국조경학회 2016 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.44 No.2

2005년 도시공원법 개정 이후 국내에는 역사유산의 보전은 물론 도시민의 휴식과 교육을 함께 도모할 수 있는 역사공원이 등장하였다. 이제는 역사공원의 운영 실태를 통해 국내 역사공원의 특성을 알고 그에 따른 제도적 보완을 모색할 때이다. 본 연구는 주요 국가의 역사공원 제도의 특성과 국내 역사공원의 지정 및 조성 경향을 분석하여 역사공원의 기능과 역할을 점검하고 향후 대응 방향을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구는 문헌고찰을 중심으로 하되, 역사공원 현황과 조성 과정을 관계 공무원과 전문가에게 전화 및 이메일로 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 역사자원은 주로 조선시대 유적에 집중되어 있지만 인물, 사건, 장소 등의 유산도 포함되며 근대기 유산도 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 역사공원은 기존도시와 신도시, 대도시와 지방도시 사이에 차이가 있으며 지방도시는 최근 경제 활성화와 정체성 강화를 위한 중요한 자원으로 역사공원을 이용하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 공원의 종류를 역사공원으로 변경한 경우, 기존 기능과 일부 상충하는 문제가 발생하였다. 국내 역사공원은 역사유산공원, 역사기념공원, 역사주제공원과 역사적공원의 네 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 세부적 유형분류는 향후 역사유산의 보전과 활용을 위한 전략적 토대가 되며 역사공원의 구체적인 운영 방향을 제시하는 기준이 될 수 있다. After the revision of the Urban Park Act in 2005, historical parks emerged in Korea to promote the preservation of historical heritage while also offering recreation and education to ordinary citizens. It is now time to examine the characteristics of domestic historical parks by examining their current operational conditions, and seek appropriate institutional improvements. By studying the characteristics of historical parks in various countries, as well as the trends in the designation and development of domestic historical parks, this study attempts to examine the function and role of historical parks, and seeks a direction for future action. Through its literature review, this study also examines the current state of historical parks through cooperation with relevant public officials and experts. The results of the study show that, despite historical resources being concentrated in sites dating to the Joseon Dynasty, they also include heritage pertaining to persons, events, and places. There is also a trend toward increasing the focus on modern heritage. Historical parks show differences across existing cities and new towns, as well as between major cities and provincial cities. Provincial cities showed a recent trend of using historical parks as important resources for strengthening their economics and solidifying their identities. Also, there are many cases where the designated category for a park is changed to a historical park. In such cases, there may be a problem where certain functions of the park run into conflict. Domestic historical parks can be divided into four categories: heritage parks, memorial parks, historical theme parks, and historic parks. Such detailed classification schemes may serve as the strategic foundation for later conservation and usage of historical heritage, as well as a standard for suggesting concrete direction in the operation of historical parks.

Linear compressor 토출밸브의 재질에 따른 마멸 특성에 관한 연구

박영도(Young-Do Park),구수학(Su-Hak Gu),김정해(Jung-Hae Kim),박진성(Jin-Sung Park),이재근(Jae-keun Lee) 대한설비공학회 2009 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

Recently, research and development of the linear compressor are being active. The reason is that the one has not only higher efficiency than reciprocating type, but also lower noise. But because the dicharge valve of linear compressor is operated in high pressure and temperature circumstance, it is important to prevent leakeage. In this paper three other plastic reinforced composite materials were used. Those are TPI, PEEK and PEK which were containing other volume and kind of carbon fibers. First, for assessing mechanical properties, we measured the hardness and the heating property of the trst sepecimen by the microvickers hardness tester and the differential scanning calorimeter respectively. Finally, through FALEX tester, we could know the characteristics of the wear proving the results of before-conducted experiments.

절식이 흰쥐의 간과 신장의 Thiobarbituric Acid - Reactive Substance량 및 항산화효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

박평심(Pyoung-Sim Park),고춘남(Choon-Nam Koh),박재윤(Jae-Yoon Park) 한국식품영양과학회 1999 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.28 No.2

단기적인 완전절식에 의한 산화적 세포손상의 변화를 관찰하기 위해서 Sprague-Dawley 종 흰쥐를 물을 제외한 일체의 음식을 완전절식시킨 후 간 및 신장의 SOD, catalase, GSHPx 활성과 TBARS량을 측정한 결과, TBARS량은 신장에서 절식 후 감소되어 6일째에는 절식 전에 비하여 21% 감소하였고, 간에서도 절식 시작 후 4일 째에는 절식 전에 비하여 23% 감소되었다. SOD 활성도는 신장에서 절식 후 증가되어 5일째에는 절식 전에 비하여 31% 증가하였고, 간에서도 절식 후 증가되어 4일째에는 절식 전 효소 활성도에 비하여 20%가 증가되었다. Catalase 활성도는 신장에서 절식 후 6일째에는 절식 전에 비하여 27% 감소되었고, 간에서는 효소 활성도 변화가 없었으며, GSHPx 활성도는 신장과 간 모두에서 절식에 의한 효소 활성도 변화가 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 실험 결과로서 완전절식에 의해서 TBARS량은 감소되고, 항산화효소 활성도의 변화는 효소의 종류에 따라서 서로 다른 양상을 나타내는 것을 알 수 있으며, 완전절식에 의한 TBARS량의 감소요인은 부분절식에 의한 요인과는 다른 것으로 추측된다. The effects of total dietary restriction(100% restriction of energy intake) on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance(TBARS) contents and intracellular antioxidant enzymes activities in the liver and kidney of young male Sprague-Dawley rats were studied. The TBARS contents were reduced in both liver and kidney, up to 77% and 79% of the control rats, fed ad libitum, respectively at 7 days after dietary restriction. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities in the liver and kidney of rats were increased significantly by total dietary restriction. However, the activity of catalase in kidney was decreased 27% at 6 days after dietary restriction, but this enzyme activity did not change in liver. The changes of glutathione peroxidae(GSHPx) and catalase activities in the liver and kidney of rats with dietary restriction were not significant. These result suggested that dietary restriction reduce the free radical induced by tissue damage, as determined by TBARS content, in both the liver and kidney but the changes of activities of antioxidant enzymes may not be a contributory factor in reducing oxidative damage to tissue.

경련성 골반상 증후군의 임상적 연구

박효진(Hyo Jin Park),조재식(Jae Sik Cho),배희동(Hee Dong Bae),정준표(Jun Pyo Chung),이상인(Sang In Lee),박인서(In Suh Park),지훈(Hoon Ji),손승국(Seung Kook Sohn) 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.3

N/A The spastic pelvic floor syndrome is a functional disorder due to abnormal contraction in- stead of relaxation of the pelvic floor muscle during straining. This inhibits defecation and gives rise to constipation. We carried out the clinical and psychologic analysis, defecogram, electrophysiologic tests, and treatment in 17 patients with spastic pelvic floor syndrome. The mean age of patients was 48.2+10.1 years. The male to female ratio was 1:7.5. Prirnary com plaints were incomplete evacuation 82.3%, constipation 52.9%, tenesmus 41.2%, straining 41.2 %, and dysuria 29.4%. The patterns of personality using the MMPI showed somatization type in 7 cases and psychophysiologic reaction type in 4 cases. Defecogram revealed paradoxical contraction of puborectalis in 100.0% of cases,incomplete evacuation 76.5%, rectocele 58.8%, incontinence 17.6%, intussusception 5.9%, and excessive pelvic floor descent 5.9%. The ano- rectal angle in patients did not increase during straining and rernained about 90. The mean maximum resting and squeezing anal canal pressures were 94.4 + 48.4mmHg, and 136.4 + 28.8 mmHg. Seven patients(70.0%) were unable to expel a balloon. The pudendal neuropathy re- vealed in 4 patients(40.0%). Seven patients underwent a EMCr-based biofeedback therapy. Four among them(57.1%) had increased bowel frequency and improved the symptom of in- complete evacuation. In conclusion, careful history taking, physical examination and colorectal motility tests perrnit diagnosis of spastic pelvic floor syndrome. This disease is related with incoordination of pelvic floor muscle, so treatment should be aimed at restoration of normal muscle function through biofeedback.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 482 490)

선택적 간헐포기 및 유입부 위치변경공정에서 수리학적 물질거동 연구

박재로 ( Jae Ro Park ),임현만 ( Hyun Man Lim ),윤영한 ( Young Han Yoon ),김은주 ( Eun Ju Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2009 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-

환경설계를 통한 범죄예방(CPTED) 적용의 실태 및 대책 : 서울시 중구 장충초등학교 부근을 중심으로

박양재(Park, Yang jae),조윤오(Cho, Youn Oh) 한국민간경비학회 2021 한국민간경비학회보 Vol.20 No.2

최근 지자체를 중심으로 다양한 스마트 시티계획 및 범죄예방 리빙랩을 통한 도심안전 환경 조성 사업이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이 연구는 서울 중구 장충초등학교 앞 지역의 셉티드(CPTED) 전략 필요성 및 관련 요소를 검토해 보는데 목적이 있다. 하나의 실증 사례로 서울 중구의 초등학교 앞을 선택하여 상황적 범죄예방 실천 모델 적용 사례로 활용했다. 중구 신당동 장충초등학교 부근의 2021년 생활안심디자인을 위한 CPTED 요소 적용 방안을 살펴보기 위해 2021년 3월부터 5월까지 해당 지역을 방문했다. 네 가지 요소를 활용해 장충초등학교 앞 지역을 분석한 결과, 첫째, 자연감시 요소의 경우, 장충초등학교 부근 CPTED 원리의 자연감시 역할을 할 CCTV가 추가로 설치될 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 접근통제 요소의 경우, 학생과 노인들에게 위험상황을 알릴 수 있는 비상벨 설치와 노인 및 어린이 발열 탐지 건강관리 서비스 관련 AI 기반 사전 예방 알람 시스템이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 영역성 강화의 경우, 낡은 주택 밀집지역 및 차량도로, 그리고 학교가 갖고 있는 각각의 방어공간을 구분 짓기 위해 LED벽화 및 바닥 안전표시 설치 등이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 활동성 증대의 경우, 노인들과 학생들을 위한 기존 놀이터, 운동시설 등이 더욱 보강되어 지역주민들의 활동성이 증대될 필요가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 서울시 중구에서 이루어지는 생활안심 디자인조성 사업에 대한 지속적인 효과성 평가 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. This study aims at examining the effectiveness of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design(CPTED_ strategy which was applied to Jangchung Elementary School in Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea. CPTED activities need to be based on reducing the subjective fear of crime of citizens in community. It is known that police patrols and community based policing can result in improving effective CPTED plans that can reduce the fear of crime. In this context, Crime prevention through environmental design(CPTED) is a key factor that can prevent potential crimes by modifying local facilities and increasing the effectiveness of law enforcement. The present study utilized the five categories of CPTED strategy in order to evaluate the area of Jangchung Elementary School in Sindang-dong, Jung-gu, Seoul. Key factors such as natural surveillance and territoriality were assessed to improve CPTED in the specific area by using various pictures of that community. Besides, the application of CPTED technology using various networks was suggested to reduce crime near Jangchung Elementary School in Sindang-dong. Further policy implication will be discussed.

미국 환경 운동의 전개 과정

박재목 ( Jae Mook Park ) 한국사회사학회 1999 사회와 역사 Vol.56 No.-

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of American environmental movement, with special emphasis on movement organizations and environmental policies, and examines the factors affecting its emergence, development and decline. Three characteristics were found, concerning the development of environmental movement in the U.S. First, the movement has changed dramatically around the 1960s from conservation/presseruation movement to modern environmental movement. Second, the movement showed a continued differentiation of ideologies, issues, goals and strategies. Third, albeit its short-term ups and downs, the movement has shown exceptionally continuous growth and development. It has been confI1med that many general socio-economic processes, such as industrialization, urbanization, growth in the size of new middle class, and improvement of living standards have been major factors affecting emergence and development of the movement. But other situational factors, including wars, ruling party``s environmental policies, best-seller books on enVironmentalism, environmental disasters, entrepreneurial issue management, have also exerted strong effects on the rise and fall of the movement. The paper examined two theoretical problems. One is about the relevance of Down``s ``issue-attention cycle`` hypothesis that has been proven to be very useful in explaining short term ups and downs of environmental movement. But it turned out to be least powerful in explaining long term development of the movement, for environmental problems tend to be pervasive, at least in our industrial era. The other problem is a possible negative relationship between the environmental policy of a particular political leader and the environmental movement. It has been found that while the pro-environmental Clinton-Gore Administration has had no positive impact on an increase of membership in environmental movement organizations, the Reagan Reaction, backlash against the environmental innovations, provided people with good reasons to participate in the movement

열전달 해석에 의한 상변화물질(PCM) 충전형 바닥 시스템의 차열성능 평가

박민재 ( Park Min Jae ),류재호 ( Ryu Jae Ho ),민정기 ( Min Jeong Ki ),주영규 ( Ju Young K ) 한국복합신소재구조학회 2017 복합신소재구조학회논문집 Vol.8 No.1

Numerical models of composite floor systems with various thickness of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers were developed based on finite element analysis. In order to perform a heat transfer analysis, thermal properties of steels were determined and those of phase change material were estimated from experiment results. In addition, the thermal insulation performance of composite floor systems with respect to different thickness of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers was predicted. To verify the validity of analysis, analysis results were compared with vertical furnace fire test results of equivalent conditions. As a result, available thicknesses of phase change material and sizes of circular spacers were proposed to satisfy the thermal insulation criteria of Korean Standards.

복합레저시설의 효율적 인적관리 방안: 종사자의 감정노동발생요인과 대처유형을 중심으로

박재만 ( Park Jae Man ),강효민 ( Kang Hyo Min ) 한국체육학회 2020 한국체육학회지 Vol.59 No.4

이 연구는 복합레저시설의 효율적 인적관리를 위하여 종사자의 감정노동 발생요인과 대처유형을 규명 하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 연구참여자를 유목적 표집법을 통하여 복합레저시설 종사자 11명을 선정하였다. 자료수집은 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌으며, 자료분석은 텍스트 분석을 통하여 의미 단위 분석, 범주화, 핵심범주의 생성 단계로 구분하여 결과를 도출하였다. 이에 따른 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 복합레저시설 종사자의 감정노동 발생 요인은 부당한 요구의 고객, 고객 부주의에 의한 요구, 시설 및 환경 운영방침에 대한 불만족, 문화적 차원의 요구로 나타났다. 부당한 요구의 고객 유형은 무례한 행동, 지나친 관여, 과도한 요구이며 고객 부주의에 의한 요구 유형은 보상요구, 인격 모독, 무조건적 회사 책임이었다. 시설 및 환경 운영방침에 대한 불만족은 보험처리 요구, 시설규모 불만, 운영방침 미준수로 나타났으며, 문화적 차원의 요구는 서비스 미흡, 사회적 관습, 부적절한 언어사용 및 불손한 태도, 회원 불평등 서비스, 죄의식 없는 죄책감 등이 나타났다. 둘째, 복합레저시설 종사자의 감정노동 대처관리 행동 요인은 적극적 해결 행동, 소극적 회피 행동, 의타적 관리 행동, 협력적 관리 행동의 네가지 유형으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 복합레저시설 종사자들의 근무환경을 개선하고 노동의 질을 높여 실제 증가되고 있는 체육관련 레저 종사자들에 대한 효율적인 인적관리 운영을 위한 자료로 제공될 것이다. This study aims to clarify emotional labor causes and coping stances for the complex leisure facilities workers suffering from emotional labor stress. To achieve this goal, the research has utilized the qualitative method of purpose sampling method and selected eleven complex leisure facilities worker. The data has been collected from personal interviews And analysis has been done through text analysis. The conclusions reached can be summarized into following parts. First of all, the reasons behind the emotional labor stress can be categorized into four parts: the first part is about unjust requests by the customers, the second part is requests due to customer’s carelessness, the third part is about unsatisfaction toward the company, and the fourth part is about cultural requests. Secondly, coping stances towards such labor can also be categorized into four parts: the first part is about active solution, the second part is about passive actionss, the third part is about dependent behavior, and the fourth part is interactive solutions. In conclusion, the study tries to highlight how the laborers receive stress through emotional work and their coping stances towards it. This research aims to provide on the efficient human management of complex leisure facilities where workers need to deal with their emotional labor and increase their personal satisfaction about the workplace.