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中國 初期 都市의 硏究-手工業工房의 出現과 發展을 中心으로-
박양진 충남대학교 백제연구소 2007 百濟硏究 Vol.46 No.-
This paper discusses the economic aspects of early Chinese cities with a particular attention to the emergence and development of craft workshops within a city. A number of craft workshops in such archaeological sites as Erlitou, Zhengzhou Shang City, Yinxu Remains of Anyang, and Xiadu Capital of Yan, are analyzed in terms of their location, scale, date, and other characteristics. At the beginning these workshops appear to have been small-scale, temporary, and contingent, and, then, they eventually became large-scale, permanent, and institionalized, even though still very much under the direct control and supervision of the royal house and/or the state. Even though the current archaeological data are incomplete and insufficient, their preliminary analysis gives a valuable insight into the economic nature of the early Chinese cities, which have been so far approached from mostly political or religious perspectives. 이 논문은 中國 初期 都市의 經濟的 性格을 都市 내의 手工業工房의 出現과 發展을 중심으로 분석한 것이다. 河南 偃師 二里頭, 鄭州 商城, 安陽 殷墟, 河北 易縣 燕下都 등 4개의 유적에서 이제까지 조사된 手工業工房을 분석하여 그 위치, 규모, 성격, 특징 등을 논의하였다. 이를 통하여 王室 또는 國家의 직접적인 관리와 통제 아래 운영되었던 中國 初期 都市의 手工業工房이 小規模, 限時的, 任意的 성격에서 大規模, 恒久的, 制度的 機構로 변화하는 양상을 규명할 수 있었다. 불완전한 고고학 자료를 활용한 이와 같은 연구를 통하여 中國 初期 都市의 經濟的 性格을 새롭게 이해할 수 있는 계기를 마련하였다.
박양진,민상일,정인목,이태승,하종원,정중기,Sang Joon Kim,민승기 대한혈관외과학회 2014 Vascular Specialist International Vol.30 No.1
Purpose: This study was designed to investigate whether vascular smooth mus-cle cells (VSMC) from the neointima showed any different response to anti-proliferative agents, such as rapamycin or imatinib mesylate, compared to VSMCs from normal artery. Materials and Methods: Intimal hyperplasia was made by carotid balloon in jury in male rats. Neointimal cells at 4 weeks after injury and normal VSMCs were extracted by enzymatic isolation method and cultured. Cell viability and proliferation were test ed in VSMCs from injured left carotid artery and uninjured right carotid ar tery. Tests were repeated with rapamycin, imatinib mesylate or both in various concentrations. Results: Rapamycin decreased cell viability only at a high concentration of 10-5 M in uninjured VSMCs. Combined drugs decreased cell viability at a lower con-centration of 10-7 M in uninjured VSMCs, and at a higher concentration of 10-5 M in neointimal cells. Overall, rapamycin showed cytocidal effects at a high con-centration of 10-5 M, whereas imatinib did not. Cell proliferation of neointima was significantly decreased along with the drug concentration. Cell proliferation of uninjured VSMCs was significantly decreased at higher drug concentrations. Combined drug therapy showed synergistic effects. Overall, neointimal cells are more susceptible to the antiproliferative effects of the drugs. Conclusion: Neointimal cells from the injured carotid artery are more susceptible to the antiproliferative effect of imatinib and rapamycin. Both drugs can be a used for the prevention of intimal hyperplasia, which could be investigated through further in vivo studies.
박양진,이정훈,하종원,정진욱,박재형,김상준 대한외과학회 2003 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research Vol.65 No.5
Purpose: The aims of this study were to analyze clinical characteristics of the patients with AAA (Abdominal aortic aneurysm) and to report the results of AAA repair. We also compared the results of open repair (OR) with those of endovascular repair (ER) to evaluate the short-term efficacy of ER, especially in high-risk patients. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 118 (28 ruptured, 90 unruptured) patients who underwent AAA repair in Seoul National University Hospital from September 1986 to September 2002. We also compared the treatment outcomes of ER (n=21) with those of conventional OR (n=37) for unruptured AAA during the period July 1995 to September 2002. Results: The mean aneurysm size was larger in ruptured AAA patients (8.49 cm vs. 6.67 cm, P<0.01). The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (51.7%, n=61). Abdominal discomfort or pain was the most frequent symptom. The hospital mortality in ruptured AAA was higher than in unruptured AAA (35.7% vs. 4.4%, P=0.01), especially in intraabdominal free rupture (80%). The complications of OR were rather systemic, but those of ER repair were all local or vascular complications such as endoleak and graft thromboembolism. The graft failure rate was significantly higher in ER than in OR (P=0.001), but ER resulted in shorter operation time and length of ICU stay, less blood loss and a lower necessity for general anesthesia than OR. No significant difference was found in hospital mortality or survival rate. Conclusion: Ruptured AAA still has high operative mortality, especially in free ruptured AAA. We suggest that elective operation be performed before rupture occurs. Because the short-term outcomes of ER are considered to be acceptable, ER may be helpful especially in the patients with high operative risk. But further study of the long-term results of ER for AAA should be followed. (J Korean Surg Soc 2003; 65:441-446)