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Cellular-uptake Behavior of Polymer Nanoparticles into Consideration of Biosafety
도정호,안정호,전용승,김지흥,정동준 한국고분자학회 2008 Macromolecular Research Vol.16 No.8
Nanoparticles have tremendous potential in cancer prevention, detection and augmenting existing treatments. They can target tumors, carry imaging capability to document the presence of tumors, sense pathophysiological defects in tumor cells, deliver therapeutic genes or drugs based on the tumor characteristics, respond to external triggers to release an appropriate agent, document the tumor response, and identify the residual tumor cells. Nanoparticles < 30 nanometers in diameter show unexpected and unique properties. Furthermore, particles < 5 nanometers in size can easily penetrate cells as well as living tissues and organs. This study evaluated the safety of nano materials in a living body and the relationship between the living tissue and synthetic nano materials by examining the in-vitro cytotoxicity of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nano-spheres and fluorescein isothiocynate(FITC)-labeled dendrimers as polymer nanoparticles. PLGA was chosen because it has been used extensively for biodegradable nanoparticles on account of its outstanding bio-compatibility and its acceptance as an FDA approved material. The dendrimer was chosen because it can carry a molecule that recognizes cancer cells, a therapeutic agent that can kill those cells, and a molecule that recognizes the signals of cell death. Cytotoxicity in L929 mouse fibroblasts was monitored using MTT assay. Microscopic observations were also carried out to observe cell growth. All assays yielded meaningful results and the PLGA nanoparticles showed less cytotoxicity than the dendrimer. These nanoparticles ranged in size from 10 to 100 nm according to microscopy and spectroscopic methods.
오스테나이트계 Fe-25Mn-Al-0.5C 강의 피로성질에 미치는 Al 첨가의 영향
도정호,권숙인,전채홍 한국열처리공학회 1998 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.11 No.4
The effect of Al addition on the fatigue properties of austenitic Fe-25Mn-Al-0.5C steels was studied. When Al was not added to the Fe-25Mn 0.5C steel. the strain induced ε martensites, deformation twins and slip bands were formed during fatigue deformation. When 2wt% of Al was added to the steel, the deformation twins and slip bands were formed during fatigue deformation. When 5wt% of Al was added, only slip bands were formed. In low cycle fatigue test, the alloys containing 0wt% and 2wt%Al showed the cyclic hardening due to ε martensites and deformation twins, resulting in shorter fatigue lives than the alloy containing 5wt%Al. In fatigue crack propagation test, the alloy without Al showed the highest crack propagation rate. The fracture surface of the alloy without Al was flat, whereas that of the alloy with 2% or 5%Al was rough. The ΔK_(th), values of the alloys with 0%, 2% and 5%Al were 16, 17.5, and 20.5 MPam^(1/2), respectively.
정신의료시설 입원 / 입소환자의 재원 적절성 평가 도구 개발 연구
이영문,이호영,정영기,이충순,김병후,이주훈,임기영,이만홍,오병훈,도정호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.3
정신과 입원시설에 입원 중이며 주요 정신과 진단이 정신분열증, 기질성 뇌증후군 등인 환자들의 재원 적절성을 판정하기 위하여 정신요양원 입소환자 50명, 정신병원 입원환자 50명, 대학병원 입원환자 28명 등 총 196명의 환자를 대상으로 연구자가 고안한 재원 적절성 평가 도구 32개 항목을 시행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 재원 적절성 평가 도구의 32개 항목과 정신과 의사의 임상적 평가와 항목분석을 시행한 결과, 자해 및 타해 위험도 항목 9개, 자기관리 및 신체위생 유지능력 항목 7개, 치료서비스 수준 항목 6개, 시간제한적 프로그램 수준 항목 4개 등 4개 영역 총 26개의 항목만이 재원적절성 판정에 기여할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 2) 26개 항목으로 구성된 재원 적절성 평가 도구와 임상적 평가에 의한 재원 적절성을 비교분석한 결과, 재원 적절성 평가 도구의 재원 부적절군에 대한 예민도는 100%로 나타났으며 특이도는 49%로 나타나 재원 부적절군에 대해서는 임상적 평가가 보완되어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 중심으로 생각해 볼 때, 정신과 입원환자의 재원 적절성 평가 도구는 정신보건요원에 의해 일차적인 재원 적절성 판정을 하고, 재원 부적절군에 한해서는 임상의 정신병리에 대한 평가가 이차적으로 시행되어야 한다고 생각한다. In order to evaluate the appropriateness of stay whose the hospitalized inpatients in various psychiatric facilities in Korea, the authors conducted the Appropriateness Evaluation Scale(AES) which was developed by the authors and expert committee. Total 196 inpatients were evaluated ; 50 from asylums, 50 from mental hospitals, 30 from public hospitals, 38 from university hospital, 28 private clinic. Main diagnoses were schizophrenia, organic brain syndrome according to DSM-Ⅲ-R. The results were followed ; 1) The initial 32 items of AES were evaluated for their significance of clinical judgement by item analysis. The result revealed that only 26 items of AES contributed to appropriateness of clinical judgement. 2) The final 26 items from item analysis were compared with appropriateness of clinical judgement through sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity of appropriateness from AES was 100%, but the specificity was 49%. From the above results, the authors concluded that AES must be complemented the clinical judgement items for the group of inappropriateness. For the future study to conduct the appropriateness among hospitalized psychiatric inpatients, the authors recommended two stage screening method ; full first stage screening test conducted by non-psychiatrist with 26 items of AES, and second stage of clinical evaluation by psychiatrist in terms of psychopathology.
점증적 복막투석에서 저분자량 용질과 중분자량 용질의 복막 청소율의 비교
도정호(Jung Ho Do),김대중(Dae Joong Kim),최성철(Sung Chul Choi),한혁준(Hyeok Jun Han),정시정(Shi Jung Chung),박진아(Jin Ah Park),오동진(Dong Jin Oh),허우성(Woo Seong Huh),김윤구(Yoon Goo Kim),오하영(Ha Young Oh) 대한신장학회 2001 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.20 No.4
Objective To evaluate the peritoneal clearance of the middle molecule compared with that of the small molecule in incremental peritoneal dialysis(PD). Methods: Peritoneal clearances of the creatinine and β2-microgloblulin were compared in 57 continuous ambulatory PD patients with full dose 4 times exchange and in 54 incremental PD patients with 2 or 3 times exchange over 24 hours. The clearances were also compared when there were changes in the peritoneal dialysis regimen such as in the number of exchanges and dwelling time. Results : Peritoneal creatinine clearance increased almost linearly along with the increase in the number of exchanges. In contrast, peritoneal clearance of β2-microglobulin was 9.1±3.6 L/week, 8.8±4.4 U week, and 7.9±2.5 L/week respectively with 2, 3 and 4 exchanges per day, not different from each other. Peritoneal clearance of 0z-microglobulin did not change when there was an increase in the number of exchange from 2 to 3 times and 3 to 4 times over a period of 24 hours, whereas the peritoneal clearance of creatinine increased. Peritoneal clearance of β2-microglobulin almost doubled from 5.4±2.7 L/ week with 2 times exchange over 12 hours per day, to 9.5±4.4 L/week with 2 times exchange over 24 hours, whereas the creatinine clearance did not change. Conclusion: In contrast to peritoneal clearance of small molecule which depends on the number of dialysate exchange, peritoneal clearance of middle molecule depends mainly on the total dwelling hours rather than the number of exchange per day in incremental PD. This can be another advantage of incremental PD since peritoneal clearance of middle molecules in incremental PD over 24 hours is com- parable to that in full dose PD.