Comparison of characteristic between pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal bacteremic pneumonia

김정연,김종훈,김동민,배인규,김연숙,김효율,백승희,최영화,조유미,송준영,권현희,정혜원,김정연,허지안,김선빈,윤영경,손장욱,김민자 대한내과학회 2018 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2018 No.1

판결 및 불복절차 사례를 통해 본 학교폭력예방법의 비판적 고찰

김정연 한국형사정책연구원 2017 형사정책연구 Vol.112 No.-

Recently, school violence has increased dramatically and people have regarded it as serious social problem. If school violence arises, school authorities hold a school violence countermeasure committee and the student offender must be taken measures according to the act on prevention of and measure against school violence. Student offenders and their parents raise objections to committee´s decisions aggressively because measures to student offenders are listed on their school record. The objection procedure includes review, administrative appeal, and administrative litigation. As a result, administrative appeals and administrative lawsuits have been increasing rapidly in order to revoke dispositions related to school violence as an objection to the school violence procedure. In this paper, I point out the problems of the Act on prevention of and measures against school violence through concrete cases of the court precedent and objection procedure. The scope of the concept of school violence should be interpreted in consideration of the whole legal system in the criminal law, but it should be judged independently according to the purpose and intent of the school violence prevention act. Although it is possible to prevent school violence from the description of the school record, it is necessary to review it in view of the continuing distortions or legal disputes. The problems of School Violence Prevention Act are that the School Violence Countermeasures Committee be held as necessary and there are no specific guidelines or standards on the composition of the committee. In the case of school violence, there is a possibility that the decision of each reviewing agency may be inconsistent due to the two different ways of the review process. As a result, the administrative appeal procedure is also proceeded in two different ways and the problem continues to arise. It is another measure to prevent school violence by properly enacting and operating School Violence Prevention Acts that are the basis of handling school violence cases. Therefore, it should be reflected in the school violence prevention act by supplementing the problems pointed out in the case of actual precedent and objection procedure. 최근 학교폭력이 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되면서 이에 대한 처리절차도 함께 관심의 대상이 되고 있다. 학교폭력이 발생하면 학교폭력대책자치위원회가 열리고 가해학생에게는 학교폭력예방 및 대책에 관한 법률에 따른 조치가 이루어진다. 가해학생에 대한 조치는 학교생활기록부에 기재되기 때문에 가해학생과 학부모는 적극적으로 이의를 제기하고 있는데, 그 불복절차에는 재심, 행정심판, 행정소송 등이 있다. 이에 따라 학교폭력 처리절차에 대한 불복수단으로 학교폭력 관련 처분을 취소하기 위한 행정심판이나 행정소송 등이 급증하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 학교폭력 관련 판결 및 불복절차의 구체적인 사례를 통해 학교폭력예방 및 대책에 관한 법률의 문제점을 지적하고자 한다. 학교폭력의 개념범위에 대해서는 형법상의 전체 법체계를 고려하여 해석하되 학교폭력예방 및 대책에 관한 법률의 목적과 취지에 따라 독자적으로 판단하여야 한다. 학교생활기록부 기재로 인해 학교폭력에 대한 억제효과를 가져올 수 있다고 하지만, 이에 따른 사건의 왜곡이나 법적 분쟁이 계속된다는 점에서 재검토가 필요하다. 학교폭력예방법상 학교폭력대책자치위원회를 필요적으로 개최하여야 한다는 점, 자치위원회의 구성에 관한 구체적인 지침이나 기준이 마련되어 있지 않다는 점 등이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 학교폭력 관련 불복절차 중 재심절차의 이원화로 인해 각 재심기관의 결정이 서로 모순될 우려가 있고, 이에 따라 행정심판절차도 이원화된 형태로 진행되어 문제가 계속하여 발생하게 된다. 학교폭력사건 처리의 근본이 되는 학교폭력예방 및 대책에 관한 법률을 올바르게 제정하고 운영하는 것은 학교폭력을 예방하는 또 다른 대책이기도 하다. 따라서 실제 판결 및 불복절차 사례에서 지적된 문제점들을 보완하여 학교폭력예방법에 반영되어야 할 것이다.

Resolution of Reference-Related Problems in L2

김정연 한국영미어문학회 2008 영미어문학 Vol.- No.86

This study examines an academic discourse between Koreans as nonnative English-speaking TAs and native English-speaking students during lab hours. The analytic interest in the current study is to explore the ways in which the nonnative TAs deal with the American students' problems in understanding references of contents or materials used in the lab hours. The analysis of the videotaped data of four Korean TAs in the science labs of an American University identified three different types of reference-related problems: deictic expressions; misrepresentations; specificity of referents. In the course of repair, Korean TAs often failed to explicitly repair their problematic reference in a manner relevant to the American students' other-initiators. They simply recycled the problematic references or began to explain the errors in the program rather than responded to the students' questions. Their indirectness and delay in responses also sustained the problem in achieving shared meaning. Upon their students' signs of problems, the Korean TAs had to coordinate not only the verbal productions, but more importantly, the nonverbal resources such as experimental tools. These findings emphasize the importance of teaching advanced ESL/EFL learners how to properly enact the assigned role by means of different resources including the language, i.e., interactional competence.

충청권을 대상으로 한 소멸위험지역과 소멸위험요인 분석

김정연,이영헌,도명식 대한교통학회 2024 대한교통학회 학술대회지 Vol.90 No.-

Empirical Analysis of Retirement Pension and IFRS Adoption Effects on Accounting Information: Glance at IT Industry

김정연 HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION 2014 THE SCIENTIFIC WORLD JOURNAL Vol.2014 No.2014

농어촌 정주환경 변화와 정책 개선방안

김정연 한국농촌경제연구원 2010 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-

Osteopontin, CD44, and NFκB Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma

김정연,배병노,김경수,신은아,박경미 대한암학회 2009 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.41 No.1

Purpose ; Osteopontin (OPN) binds to CD44 and nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and OPN mediates tumorigenesis, invasion and metastasis, but the interrelationships between OPN, CD44 and NFκB are not fully understood, and especially in gastric carcinogenesis. We examined the expressions of OPN, CD44, and NFκB in untreated gastric adenocarcinomas. Materials and Methods ; The materials from 211 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma were immunostained for OPN, CD44 and NFκB by using a tissue microarray. The OPN mRNA expression was measured in 10 cases by performing real-time RT-PCR. Results ; The expression of OPN, CD44 and NFκB was noted in 61.7%, 11.4% and 26.6% of the adenocarcinoma tissues, respectively. No significant correlation was detected among the expressions of these proteins. The OPN protein expression was negatively correlated with angioinvasion (p<0.05) and patient survival (p<0.05), whereas the CD44 and NFκB protein expressions were not correlated with any of the clinicopathological factors we examined. The depth of invasion, lymph node status and perineural invasions were rognostic factors based on the Cox analysis. The OPN mRNA expression showed no significant difference between the adenocarcinoma and the paired normal mucosa on real-time RT-PCR. Conclusion ; OPN may have a currently undetermined role in gastric carcinogenesis, and CD44 and NF κB may have minor roles in gastric adenocarcinoma.

[이슈브리프 2] 제정 스토킹처벌법의 스토킹행위 유형분석 및 향후 과제-구성요건 및 처벌규정을 중심으로-

김정연 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2021 젠더리뷰 Vol.61 No.-

상담수련과정에서 상담자들의 교육분석 경험에 대한 변화과정

김정연,박명희 한국상담학회 2016 상담학연구 Vol.17 No.4

This study is about to understand the process of counselors’ educational analysis experience. As for this, in-depth interview aimed at 8 present counsellors, who have licenses related to counseling and experiences of educational analysis of more than 10 times, was implemented and the data were analyzed based on the Strauss and Corbin’s(1988/2003) ground theory approach. As a result, 72 concepts, 23 subcategories and 13 categories were derived. The central phenomenon in the process of counselors’ educational analysis turned out to be ‘confused and struggled.’ Causal condition were ‘awkwardness in the relationship with an analyst’ and ‘recognition of problem which they have avoided and suppressed’, the context condition was ‘the necessity of personal and professional changes.’ For this, ‘consolation and support from the analyst’, ‘analyst’s expertise’ turned out be the intervening condition and ‘resistance', 'rely on religion', ’dealing with problems except on the time of education analysis’, 'dealing with problems during the education analysis time’ appeared to be action and interaction response. The consequence revealed ‘the perspective changes of seeing themselves, the relationship with others, being a professional counselor, educational analysis itself’. The results included the process of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding and the core category by selective coding was ‘a process of growing as an expertise through making the new relationships with their analyst by overcoming their confusion and struggle.’ Process analysis related to the core phenomena were four stages: phase of confusing, phase of resistance, phase of new experiences again, phase of changing and growing. Based on these results, the implications of the current study were discussed and the related follow-up research proposals have been presented. 본 연구의 목적은 상담수련과정에서 상담자들의 교육분석 경험에 대한 변화과정을 이해하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 상담수련과정에 있으며 상담관련 자격증을 소지하고 교육분석 경험이 10회 이상인 상담자 8명을 대상으로 개별 심층 면접을 실시하여 Strauss와 Corbin(1998/2003)이 제시한 근거이론 접근 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 72개의 개념과 23개의 하위범주, 13개의 범주가 도출되었다. 상담자들의 교육분석 경험에 대한 중심현상은 ‘혼란스럽고 힘겨움’으로 나타났다. 인과적 조건으로는 ‘억압하고 회피했던 문제의 자각’과 ‘분석가와의 관계가 불편함’이었으며, ‘개인적⋅전문적 변화의 필요성’이 맥락적 조건으로 작용하였다. 이를 위해 ‘분석가의 위로와 지지’, ‘분석가의 전문성’이 중재적 조건으로 ‘저항하기’, ‘종교에 의지하기’, ‘교육분석 시간 외에 문제다루기’, ‘교육분석 시간 중에 문제다루기’가 작용/상호작용 전략으로 나타났다. 결과는 ‘개인내적 변화, 타인관계의 변화, 상담전문가로서의 변화, 교육분석에 대한 관점의 확장’으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 개방코딩, 축코딩, 선택코딩 과정분석을 포함하였으며, 선택코딩에 의한 핵심 범주는 ‘혼란스럽고 힘겨운 분석과정에서 분석가와의 새로운 관계경험을 통해 힘겨움을 이겨내고 전문상담자로서 성장해 나감’으로 도출되었다. 중심현상과 관련된 과정 단계는 혼란의 단계, 저항단계, 재경험단계, 수용단계 등 4단계로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 상담자들의 교육분석 경험에 대한 변화과정의 논의와 후속연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

성인 발달장애인 당사자와 부모, 서비스 종사자, 학계 전문가의 의사소통 지원 실태 및 요구에 대한 심층 면담 연구

김정연,박은혜,김경양 이화여자대학교 특수교육연구소 2022 특수교육 Vol.21 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구의 목적은 발달장애인 당사자와 부모, 서비스 종사자, 학계 전문가와의 심층 면담을 통해 발달장애인 의사소통 지원실태와 현장의 요구를 분석하여 향후 발달장애인 의사소통 지원정책을 추진하는데 필요한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 발달장애인 의사소통 실태 및 요구를 조사하기 위해 심층 면담으로 포커스 그룹 면담을 진행하였다. 발달장애인 당사자와 부모 5명, 서비스 종사자 6명, 학계 전문가 4명으로 총 15명이 면담에 참여하였다. 연구결과: 실태와 요구에 대한 자료분석 결과 기반 조성, 인적 지원, 물적 자원, 지원체계의 4개의 대주제와 8개의 범주, 16개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 결론: 발달장애인 의사소통 지원을 위해 당사자 중심의 직접 지원, 이해관계자 지원, 의사소통 도구 개발 및 보급, 시스템 구축 등에 대해 논의하였다. 결론에서 향후 연구를 위한 시사점을 도출하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of communication support for people with developmental disabilities and the needs in the field through in-depth interviews with one person with a developmental disability, parents, service workers, and professors. Moreover, the implications necessary for the implementation of a communication support system were analyzed. Method: In this study, focus group interview (FGI) were conducted as in-depth interview to investigate the communication conditions and desire of people with developmental disabilities. A total of 15 people participated in the FGI, including one developmental disability, four parents, six service workers, and four professors. Results: Based on data analysis of the actual conditions and requirements, four themes were derived: foundation construction, human support, material resources, and support system. In addition, eight categories and 16 subcategories were derived. Conclusion: We discussed direct support, stakeholder support, development and dissemination of communication tools, and system construction, for communication support for people with developmental disabilities. Implications for future research were presented.