Electrical Properties of Eco-Friendly RuO₂-Based Thick-Film Resistors Containing CaO-ZnO-B₂O₃-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ 계 유리가 적용된 질화알루미늄 기판용 RuO₂계 친환경 후막저항의 전기적 특성

김민식,김형준,김형태,김동진,김영도,류성수,Kim, Min-Sik,Kim, Hyeong-Jun,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Kim, Dong-Jin,Kim, Young-Do,Ryu, Sung-Soo 한국세라믹학회 2010 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.47 No.5

The objective of this study is to prepare lead-free thick film resistor (TFR) paste compatible with AlN substrate for hybrid microelectronics. For this purpose, CaO-ZnO-$B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ glass system was chosen as a sintering aid of $RuO_2$. The effects of the weight ratio of CaO to ZnO in glass composition, the glass content and the sintering temperature on the electrical properties of TFR were investigated. $RuO_2$ as a conductive and glass powder were dispersed in an organic binder to obtain printable paste and then thick-film was formed by screen printing, followed by sintering at the range between $750^{\circ}C$ and $900^{\circ}C$ for 10 min with a heating rate of $50^{\circ}C$/min in an ambient atmosphere. The addition of ZnO to glass composition and sintering at higher temperature resulted in increasing sheet resistance and decreasing temperature coefficient of resistance. Using $RuO_2$-based resistor paste containing 40 wt%glass of CaO-20.5%ZnO-25%$B_2O_3$-7%$Al_2O_3$-15%$SiO_2$ composition, it is possible to produce thick film resistor on AlN substrate with sheet resistance of $10.6\Omega/\spuare$ and the temperature coefficient of resistance of 702ppm/$^{\circ}C$ after sintering at $850^{\circ}C$.

급성기 가와사끼병 환아의 IgG 아형항체에 대한 연구

김민식,김영숙,조남지,김경숙,Kim, Minshik,Kim, Youngsook,Cho, Namji,Kim, Kyungsook 대한소아감염학회 1997 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.4 No.1

목 적 : 가와사끼병은 주로 5세 이하의 소아에서 많이 볼 수 있는 고열을 주소로 하는 신체내 어느 장기에나 혈관염을 일으키는 질환으로, 원인은 아직 밝혀지지 않았지만 어떤 감염원에 의하거나, 또는 감염균에 의해 생성된 항원에 의한 인체내 면역반응의 이상으로 생긴 자가 면역질환의 하나일 가능성이 제시되고 있어, 이에 저자들은 환아의 혈청내 면역 글로부린중 IgG 아형항체가를 급성기 고열시기에 측정하여 정상치와 비교하여 봄으로써 이 병의 면역학적 변화를 관찰하고, 아울러 진단과 치료에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 본원 소아과에 입원한 급성기 고열이 있던 가와 사끼병 환아 35명을 대상으로 혈청을 채취하여 Enzyme Immuno Assay(EIA) 법을 이용하여 총 IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE를 측정하였고, Single Radial Immuno Diffusion(SRID)법을 이용 하여 IgG 아형항체가를 측정하여 연령별 정상치와 비교하여 보았다. 결 과 : 1) 남여 비는 1.5:1.0으로 남아에서 많았다. 2) 총 IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE 는 대부분 연령에 따른 정상치 범위내에있었다. 3) 모든 환아에서 CRP, ESR, C3 등이 증가하는 급성기 염증반응을 볼 수 있었고 백혈구 증다증을 보인 경우가 많았다. 4) IgG 아형항체 중 IgG1, IgG2, IgG3는 연령별 정상치 범위내에 있었으나, IgG4는 모든 환아에서 현저하게 감소되어 있었다. 결 론 : 현재까지 알려진 바로는 원인과 병리기전이 정확히 밝혀지지는 않았지만, 가와사끼병이 감염원에의한 면역 반응의 이상으로 생긴 자가 면역질환의 일종일 가능성이 제시되고 있으므로 낮은 IgG4 치가 면역반응에 영향을 주어 이 병의 이환율과 합병증 발생의 위험성을 높일 수 있다고 생각되나, 각 보고자마다 결과가 서로 달라 좀 더 많은 시간과 예를 모아 연구 할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. Purpose : Kawasaki Disease(KD) is a febrile disease with acute multisystemic vasculitis which is seen commonly in early childhood. The cause and etiologic agents are still unknown to identify using ordinary bacterial and viral culture, but the clinical labaratory studies suggest that KD is one of autoimmune disorder caused by infectious agents, but that is not proved yet. The study was performed to investigate the IgG subclasses in acute stage of KB before treatment of IVIG(Intravenous immunoglobulin). Method : The 35 cases in acute stage of KD before treatment of IVIG who were hospitalized from jan. 1995 to dec. 1996. The obtained sera were measured level of total IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 by using EIA and SRID method. Results : 1) The sex ratio is male to female is 1.5: 1.0, and male is prone to infected. 2) Total IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE level is normal range with age adjusted, but few cases are shown slight high level of total IgG compare to normal range of age adjusted. 3) acute phage reactants such as CRP, C3, ESR are all increased in acute stage of cases. 4) IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 are shown normal range of age adjusted, but remarkably low level of IgG4 in all of cases. Conclusions : The low level of IgG4 is able to increasing the incidence of KD, and may use early diagnostic tools combine with other clinical symptoms and signs. But the resulsts of reported studies are different to each other, so it needs more times and cases to get final evaluation of changes of serum immnunoglobulin levels correlate to increase the incidence of high risk group of KD patients.

Lipid N-formylation Occurs During Fixation with Formalin

김민식,Min Jung Kim,임희진,Muwoong Kim,Yu Ri Choi,Thy N. C. Nguyen,Seung Cheol Park,Kwang Pyo Kim,Junyang Jung 사단법인 한국질량분석학회 2022 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.13 No.2

Human tissues and organs can be preserved intact by fixation with formalin for the future analysis of biomolecules of interest. With the advances in high-throughput methods, numerous protocols have been developed and optimized to attain the most pathophysiological information out of biomolecules, including RNA and proteins, in formalin-fixed samples. However, there is no systematic study to examine the effects of formalin fixation on the lipidome of biological samples in a global fashion. In this study, we conducted a mass spectrometry-based analysis to survey the alteration in the lipidome of mice brains by fixation methods. A total of 308 lipids were quantitatively measured using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. We found that most were unchanged after formalin fixation except for a few lipid classes such as phosphatidylethanolamine.

플라이애시 부유선별 과정에서 교반속도와 공기주입량 변화에 따른 영향 연구

김민식,강헌찬,Kim, Min Sik,Kang, Heon Chan 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.1

플라이애시의 부유선별 과정에서 교반속도와 공기주입량과 같은 기계적 요소 변화에 따른 영향을 알아보고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 미연탄소 함량이 약 3.4 ~ 3.7% 수준인 화력발전소 플라이애시를 사용하였다. 대표적인 부유선별의 선별 요소인 pH, 교반속도, 포수제 첨가량, 기포제 첨가량 변화에 따른 영향을 살펴보았을 때, Safflower oil을 포수제로 사용하여 첨가량을 800 g/ton, pH 7, 교반속도 1,200 rpm, 기포제 첨가량이 400 g/ton였을 때, 미연탄소 회수율과 미연탄소 함량이 각각 63%, 34%로 나타났다. 이 때 부상물 SEM/EDS 분석을 통해 알아본 결과, 구형의 플라이애시 미립자가 미연탄소 내에 고용되거나, 광액 내에 가라앉지 못하고 기포와 함께 부유함으로써 미연탄소의 함량을 낮추는 것으로 나타났다. 교반속도와 공기주입량과 같은 기계적 요소를 변화시킨 실험에서는 공기주입량 8L/min, 교반 속도 900 rpm에서 미연탄소 회수율 74%, 미연탄소 함량 67%인 것으로 나타났다. 이는 낮은 교반속도와 추가 공기주입으로 인하여 광액 내 와류의 강도가 낮아져, 미립의 플라이애시 입자가 미연탄소와 함께 부유되는 현상을 방지됨으로써, 미연탄소 회수율과 미연탄소 함량이 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 교반속도와 공기주입량을 각각 800 rpm, 6 L/min으로 설정하였을 때 미연탄소 회수율과 미연탄소 탄소함량이 각각 80%, 70%로 향상되어 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

식물성 기름 포수제의 바텀애쉬 부유선별 특성 연구

김민식,차종문,강헌찬,Kim, Min Sik,Cha, Jong Mun,Kang, Heon Chan 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.2

This study aims to investigate the characteristics on bottom ash flotation using vegetable oils as a collector. The experiment of changing the kerosene dosage as a collector for the flotation of coal ashes, the recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content were 80% and 63%, respectively, when the dosage of kerosene was 9 kg/ton. The experiment of using soybean oil as a collector to improve flotation efficiency, the recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content increased to 95% and 68%, respectively, when the dosage of soybean oil was 9 kg/ton. The recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content were 99% and 78%, respectively, when safflower oil containing more poly unsaturated fats with double bonds than soybean oil was 9 kg/ton. The calorific value of the unburned carbon was 5,803 cal/g, confirming that it was possible to be used as a fuel for thermal power plants. Lastly, using vegetable oil as a collector it showed higher recovery of unburned carbon and higher unburned carbon than kerosene, which was mineral oil. Moreover, oil containing a large amount of poly unsaturated fat with two or more double bonds was found to have higher unburned carbon than other vegetable oils; thus showing excellent adsorbability for unburned carbon.

신갈나무와 굴참나무 수간류, 임내우의 pH, 전기전도도 및 음이온 변화

김민식,서문원,츠지오 에자키,전근우,Kim, Min-Sik,Seomun, Won,EZAKI, Tsugio,Chun, Kun-Woo 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2000 Journal of Forest Science Vol.16 No.-

강원대학교 산림과학대학에서는 부속연습림의 주요 활엽수종인 신갈나무와 굴참나무의 pH, 전기전도도 및 음이온 농도를 1996년부터 측정하고 있으며, 1998년까지의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 임외우의 pH범위는 4.47~6.55, 평균값은 5.39였으며, 신갈나무와 굴참나무 임내우의 pH범위는 각각 4.07~6.25, 4.34~6.57, 평균값은 5.45와 5.62로 수종간의 차이는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 또한 신갈나무 수간류의 pH 범위는 4.08~6.13. 평균 5.17 였으며, 굴참나무 수간류의 pH 범위는 3.62~6.11, 평균 4.68로 임외우의 pH에 반듯이 비례하지는 않았다. 그러나 봄철이 낮고 상대적으로 여름과 가을철에는 높은 계절적 차이를 발견할 수 있었다. 2. 임외우의 EC범위는 $3.0{\sim}62.6{\mu}s/cm$로 평균값은 $18.8{\mu}s/cm$였으며, 신갈나무와 굴참나무 임내우의 EC범위는 각각 $5.4{\sim}85.0{\mu}s/cm$, $5.0{\sim}253.0{\mu}s/cm$. 평균값은 $25.1{\mu}s/cm$와 $31.2{\mu}s/cm$였다. 또한 신갈나무와 굴참나무 수간류의 EC범위는 각각 $9.5{\sim}500{\mu}s/cm$, $11.5{\sim}534.5{\mu}s/cm$로 평균값은 $81.8{\mu}s/cm$, $80.2{\mu}s/cm$였다. 즉 임외우의 EC는 계절에 상관없이 $20{\sim}30{\mu}s/cm$범위에서 일정한 값을 나타냈으나, 수간류의 EC는 3월~4월에 두 수종 모두 $100{\mu}s/cm$이상을, 그리고 여름철에는 $30{\mu}s/cm$ 내외의 값을 나타내었나, 10월과 11월에 다시 높아지는 계절에 따른 차이가 명확히 나타났다. 3. 임외우와 임내우의 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ 및 $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도는 0~15ppm였으나, $PO_4{^{2-}}$농도는 임외우가 0.57ppm과 0.23ppm 2차례, 신갈나무에서 0.08ppm 1차례, 굴참나무에서 0.14ppm, 0.12ppm 및 1.19ppm으로 3차례가 각각 검출되었을 뿐이다. 또한 수간류의 $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$, $SO_4{^{2-}}$ 및 $PO_4{^{2-}}$ 농도는 전체적으로 임외우보다 높게 나타났으며, 계절적인 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 $PO_4{^{2-}}$농도의 경우, 임외우와 임내우에서는 거의 발생하지 않았으나 신갈나무와 굴참나무에서 각각 0.08~31.99ppm, 0.06~12.28ppm, 평균값은 각각 3.22ppm, 1.93ppm으로 나타났다. The pH, EC and anion of stemflow in Quercus mongolica and Q. variabilis were surveyed and analyzed in order to examine the relationship between watershed conservation function and flood control function of forest in quality and quantity in the Experiment Forests. College of Forest Sciences, Kangwon National University. The results were as follows: 1. pH values of rainfall ranged from 4.47 to 6.55(average: 5.39), and pH values of throughfall ranged from 4.07 to 6.25(average 5.45) for Q. mongolica and from 4.34 to 6.57(average : 5.62) for Q. variabilis, and thus pH values were not different between these two species. Also, pH values of stemflow from Q. mongolica ranged from 4.08 to 6.13(average 5.17) and those of stemflow from Q. variabilis ranged from 3.62 to 6.11(average : 4.68), and pH values of rainfall gave little influence on pH values of stemflow. But, pH values of stemflow in Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis appeard significantly lower in spring and than those in summer and autumn. 2. EC of rainfall was $3.0{\sim}62.6{\mu}s/cm$(average: $18.8{\mu}s/cm$), and EC of throughfall was $5.4{\sim}85.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $25.1{\mu}s/cm$) for Q. mongolica and $5.0{\sim}253.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $31.2{\mu}s/cm$) for Q. variabilis. Also, EC of stemflow from Q. mongolica ranged from 9.5 to $500.0{\mu}s/cm$(average : $81.8{\mu}s/cm$) and that of stemflow from Q. variabilis ranged from 11.5 to $534.5{\mu}s/cm$(average : $80.2{\mu}s/cm$). Seasonal EC of rainfall had little variation in the range of 20 to $30{\mu}s/cm$: EC of stemflow showed more than $100{\mu}s/cm$ from March to April and about $30{\mu}s/cm$ in summer period. Seasonal EC of stemflow varied so much and appeared high again from October to November. 3. $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO_4{^{2- }}$ concentrations of rainfall and throughfall were from 1 to 15ppm. and $PO_4{^{2- }}$ concentrations showed 0.57ppm and 0.23ppm in rainfall, 0.08ppm in Q. mongolica and 0.14ppm, 0.12ppm and 1.19ppm in Q. variabilis. Also, $Cl^-$, $NO_3{^-}$ and $SO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations of stemflow were relatively higher than rainfall, and showed differences among seasons. $PO_4{^{2-}}$ concentration of rainfall and throughfall were not possible to observe, but $PO_4{^{2-}}$ concentrations of stemflow ranged from 0.08 to 31.99ppm(average : 3.22ppm) for Q. mongolica and that of stemflow ranged from 0.06 to 12.28ppm(average : 1.93ppm) for Q. variabilis.

하인두 암종의 보존적 수술

김민식,Kim Min Sik 대한기관식도과학회 2004 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.10 No.1

FRP Plate를 이용한 표면매입 보강에서 보강재 간격에 따른 부착성능 연구

김민식,서수연,권영순 한국구조물진단유지관리학회 2011 한국구조물진단학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2011 No.9

This study was conducted to analyze bond capacity of FRP Plates through experiment in case of Near Surface Mounted Retrofit (NSMR) for the wide concrete members such as floors or walls. The embedded interval of FRP Plates applied as main variables. Tests were planned in a direct tensile test method by fixing the FRP Plates of specimens with grips. As a results, it was found out that the longer the embedded interval of FRP plates was, the higher the tensile strength was. It was observed in those tests that if the interval of embedded FRP Plates reached more than 90㎜ in the specimen, FRP Plates showed sufficient strength without splitting fracture of concrete.

편도암 절제술후 전완유리피판술을 이용한 연구개 결손부 재건의 기능적 결과

김민식,선동일,박해섭,조승호,제현순,Kim, Min-Sik,Sun, Dong-Il,Park, Hae-Sup,Cho, Seung-Ho,Jai, Hyeon-Soon 대한기관식도과학회 1999 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.5 No.2

Background and Objective : Soft palate plays a great role in function of speech and swallowing. Ablation of tonsil cancer results in multi-demensional defect including soft palate in most cases and restoration of the postoperative oral cavity function is a continuing surgical challenge. Although a variety of techniques are available, radial forearm free flap has been known as an effective method for these defect, which offers a thin, pliable, and relatively hairless skin, and a long vascular pedicle. The aim of the present study is to report the speech and swallowing function test results of our 5 consecutive radial forearm free flaps used for tonsil cancers. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the medical records of 5 patients who were offered intraoral reconstruction with a radial forearm free flap after ablative surgery for tonsil cancers, from Dec. 1997 to Oct. 1998, and analyzed the surgical methods, complications, and speech and swallowing function test results. We have examined with modified barium swallow to evaluate postoperative wallowing function and articulation and resonance test for speech. Results : The tumor sizes by TNM stage(AJCC, 1997) were T1(1), T2(2), and T4(3). The paddles of flaps were tailored in multilobed designs from oval shape to pentalobed design and in variable size from 24$cm^2$ to 108$cm^2$(average size = 78.4$cm^2$), according to the defect after ablation. This procedures resulted in satisfactory flap success and functional results all but 1 case of flap contracture in 2 postoperative week, achieved early oral diet until 16-57 postoperative day(average, 28 days) and social speech. The oropharyngeal defect including soft palate reconstruction with radial forearm free flap might be an excellent method for the maximal functional results, after ablative surgery of tonsil cancer that results in multidimensional defect.

부유선별(浮遊選別)에 의한 상동광산(鑛山) 광물(鑛物)찌꺼기의 As 제거(除去) 연구(硏究)

김민식,이상호,박미정,최홍일,양인재,강헌찬,Kim, Min Sik,Lee, Sang Ho,Park, Mi Jeong,Choe, Hong Il,Yang, In Jae,Kang, Heon Chan 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2013 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.22 No.5

상동광산 광물찌꺼기로부터 As를 제거하기 위하여 부유선별을 실시하였다. 상동광산 광물찌꺼기를 토양오염공정시험법으로 분석한 결과, As가 282 mg/kg 으로 1지역 대책기준(75 mg/kg)을 초과하고 있어 심각한 수준 이였다. 먼저 포수제와 기포제를 K.A.X와 DF250으로 선정 한 후, pH 변화에 따른 실험을 통해 pH 6일 때 제거율이 91%로 성적이 가장 우수하였다. 교반속도(rpm)에 따른 실험에서는 rpm이 1,500일 때 As 제거율이 80%로 가장 높았다. K.A.X 첨가량에 따른 실험에서는 300 g/ton 에서 93%로 높은 제거효율을 보였으며, 광액의 농도에 따른 실험에서는 30%일 때 93%의 높은 제거효율을 보였으며 침강물의 As 함량이 22.5 mg/kg으로 1지역 대책기준(75 mg/kg)을 초과하던 As를 1지역 우려기준치(25 mg/kg) 이하로 만족시킬 수 있었고, 최종적으로 상동광산 광물찌꺼기로부터 As를 원천적으로 제거할 수 있었다. Froth flotation was performed to remove As from the tailing of Sangdong Mine. When the tailings of Sangdong Mine were analyzed by the Standard Method for the Soil Environment Conservation, the concentration of As was found to be at a serious level (282 mg/kg), exceeding countermeasure standard (75 mg/kg). Froth flotation was performed to remove As and preliminary tests were performed to select the reagents. Specifically, froth flotation was performed using collector and frother, KAX and DF250 respectively. An experiment based on pH changes found that the removal rate was highest at pH6. The removal rate of As was highest at agitating rate 1500 according to the agitating rate. In the experiment based on the quantities of KAX added, the removal rate of As was found to be highest at 300 g/ton and was reduced at higher levels than 300 g/ton. An experiment based on pulp density found that the removal rate was highest at pulp density 30%. It was possible to adjust the As level -- which exceeded countermeasure standard (75 mg/kg) -- to 22.5mg/kg to satisfy the Warning standard (25 mg/kg), from the results of froth flotation.