Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose의 유변학적 성질에 관한 연구

金南姬,具性延 성신여자대학교 기초과학연구소 1995 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.13 No.-

고분자 다당류인 sodium carboxymethylcellulose의 유변학적 성질을 고찰하기 위하여 농도변화, 염의 첨가, pH의 변화에 관한 영향을 연구하여 몇가지 사실을 규명하였다. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose의 점성도 변화는 cone and plate type의 viscometer를 사용하여 shear rate를 변화시켜 가면서 rheogram을 얻은 결과, CMC의 점성도가 시간에 따라 감소하였으며 이로부터 틱소트로피 현상을 관찰할 수 있었고, shear rate를 증가시킬 때 점성도가 감소하여 CMC가 non-Newtonian 흐름을 하는 물질임을 확인하였다. 또한, non-Newtonian model임을 증명하기 위하여 Power law식을 적용하여 flow index를 구하였고, Newtonian 흐름으로부터 벗어나는 척도가 되는 shear thinning index를 5%, 7%, 10% CMC 용액에 대하여 구하였더니, 농도가 증가함에 따라 그 값이 증가함을 알았다. 세가지 용매, 증류수, 염화나트륨, 수산화나트륨을 사용하여 농도변화에 따르는 점성도를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 CMC-증류수 용액에서는 η네/c 행동으로 CMC가 고분자 전해질임을 알았고, CMC-염화나트륨 용액과 CMC-수산화나트륨 용액에 대해서는 분자 상호작용을 나타내는 Martin 상수를 구하였다. 여기서 구한 각 CMC 용액의 극한 점성도값으로부터 CMC가 증류수에서 퍼짐상수값이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 5% CMC 용액에 1가와 2가 염을 첨가하여 점성도를 측정하였더니, CMC와 염들의 상호작용으로 염의 농도가 증가할수록 CMC 용액의 점성도가 대체적으로 감소하였고, 그 정도는 2가 염의 경우 더 큼을 알 수 있었다. 또한, pH 2.3에서 11.6 사이의 범위의 CMC 용액의 점성도를 측정한 결과 pH 6.9 근처에서 점성도가 가장 컸다. 여기에 젤라틴과 카제인을 첨가하여 pH범위를 3.5에서 6.6으로 하고 점성도 변화를 관찰한 결과 각각 pH 4.9와 5.5 근처에서 점성도가 가장 큼을 알았다. A study on the rheological properties of sodium carboxymethylcellulose solutions. sodium carboxymethylcellulose, known also as CMC, cellulose gum, or sodium CMC is a water-soluble cellulose derivatives of great commercial importance. It is prepared by the reaction of alkali cellulose with sodium chloroacetate. Thixotropic behavior of CMC solutions were measured using a cone and plate viscometer and their rheological properties were analyzed. The 5% aquous solutions of CMC showed non-Newtonian flow behavior and a pseudoplastic behavior. Intrinsic viscosities of CMC-pure water solution and CMC-sodium chloride aquous solution, and dilute solution of CMC and NaOH are determined in Ostwald-Cannon_Fenske viscometer at 25℃. The results were extrapolated to zero concentration according to Foss equation, It was found that rheological behavior was that of the polyelectrolyte. Then intrinsic viscosity was 5.3. CMC-sodium chloride solution and CMC-sodium hydroxide solution were extrapolated to zero concentration according to Martin equation. Intrinsic viscosities were respectively 0.74, 0.57 and Martin's constants were respectively 2.65, 1.90. It is concluded that CMC molecules spread more easily in distilled water than in the sodium chloride solution and sodium hydroxide solution. Salts influence the viscosity of CMC solutions. In general, they decrease the viscosity of CMC solutions by decreasing the hydration of CMC. Monovalent cations are though to provide a screen of counterions around the carboxy group, thereby leading to a reduction of the repulsive forces between the carboxy groups and causing the polymer to adopt a more coiled configuration, Divalent cations reduce the viscosity through the formation of salts of borderline solubility. Also, the apparent viscosity of CMC solutions influence pH. Optimum stability of CMC solution occurs near neutral pH. At about pH 3.0, precipitation of the free acid form of cellulose gum takes place. Consequently, an upswing of curve results. When a protein is added to the CMC solutions, the viscosity of CMC-protein complexes becomes the greatest near pH 5.5.

고용량 항암요법후 말초혈액 자가조혈모세포 이식환자에서의 감염 양상

구성현,최소연,조요한,한동석,마경애,김현수,김효철 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1

목적: 동종골수이식이나 자가골수이식, 말초혈액 자가조혈모세포이식에서 공통적으로 이병률과 사망률에 관여하는 중요한 인자중의 하나가 항암 치료후 발생하는 감염이다. 감염의 발생빈도 및 정도에 대해서 확실히 알수 있고, 위험인자를 감별해 낼수 있다면 고용량 항암요법 후에 발생하는 이병률과 사망률을 줄여 더 나은 결과를 얻을수 있다고 사료되어 저자 등은 고용량 항암요법을 시행한 환자들을 대상으로 후향적인 연구를 통해 감염 및 그로 인한 합병증을 발생빈도, 정도 및 감염과 관련된 위험인자를 규명하려고 하였다. 방법: 1995년 11월부터 96년 8월까지 아주대학교병원에서 고용량 항암요법후에 말초혈액 자가조혈모 세포이식을 시행한 33명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 나이, 성별, 진단명, 조혈모세포이식 날짜, 사용한 항암제의 종류, 방사선 치료 유무 여부, 호중구 감소증 기간, 사망여부, 사망원인을 분석하였다. 결과 33명의환자에서 37회(4명은 2번 항암치료)의 고용량 항암 요법을 시행한 결과를 분석하였다. 1) 기존에 가지고 잇는 질환을 종류별로 보면, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(n=13), Hodgkin's disease(n=1), breast cancer(n=5), stomach cancer(n=14)이었으며 모든 환자가 기존의 항암 치료에 불응하는 악성 종양이었다. 2) 대상환자의 평균 연령은 42세이었으며 여자가 18명이었고, 평균 호중구 감소기간은 9.62일 이었다. 3) 37회 고용량 항암 요법후 8회를 제외한 29회 (78.3%)에서 열이 있었으며, 29회의 발열 중 8예(21.6%)에서 감염이 균 검출로 증명되었거나 임상적으로 확실히 의심되었다. 8회의 감염중 Staphylococcus epidermidis가 1예, E coli가 2예, Bacteroides fragilis가 1예 있었다. 4) 33명의 환자중 모두 10명이 현재까지 추적관찰중 사망하였는데 이중 2명이 고용량 항암요법후 호중구가 감소되어있는 기간에 발생한 패혈증으로 사망하여 사망원인이 고용량 항암요법에 의한 합병증과 직접적인 연관이 있었다. 5) 감염에 연관되는 위험인자를 알아보기 위하여 나이, 성별, 방사선치료유부, 호중구 감소증 기간, 악성종양 종류 등을 감염군과 비감염군으로 나누어 비교하였는데 모든 항목에서 감염군과 비감염군 사이에 통계적으로 의미있는 차이를 찾을수 없었다. 결론: 고용량 항암요법후 감염이 가장 중요한 이병률 및 사망률의 원인이 되고 있는데 현재 말초혈액 자가조혈모 세포이식후 조혈촉진인자를 사용하여 감염 발생률을 많이 줄이기는 하였으나 앞으로 좀더 많은 환자를 오랜기간 추적 관찰하여 감염으로 인한 문제점을 찾아 개선해 나가야 하겠다. Objectives: Infection is one of the most important factor in the morbidity and mortality of both allogenic and autologous bone marrow transplantation, and peripheral blood stem cell transplant patients. Therefore, an accurate knowledge of the incidence, severity, and risk factors can lead to reduction in the morbidity and mortality. We performed a retrospective analysis in patients with high dose chemotherapy to clarify these infections and also the incidence of complication, severity and associated risk factors. Methods: The subjects of our study were patients who had been admitted at Ajou University Hospital from November 1995 to August 1996 and received autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation(PBSCT) after high dose chemotherapy. There were 33 patients in all and the following were analyzed : age, sex, disease diagnosis, date of PBSCT, the duration of neutropenia, and the cause of death. Results: The results of 37 trials (4 patients had two trials) of high dose chemotherapy in 33patients were analyzed. ① The diagnosis included non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(n=13), Hodgkin's disease(n=1), breast cancer(n=5), stomach cancer(n=14). All of the patients were refractory to the conventional chemotherapy. ② The average age was 42years, 18 of the patients were female and the mean duration of netropenia was 9.62days. ③ 29 out of37trials was associated with fever. In 8 out 29case, infection was diagnosed by detection of bacteria or clinically suspicious. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 4case, Staphylococcus epidermidis in 1 case, E coli in 2 case, and Bacteroides fragilis 1 case. ④10patients died during follow up. 2 case died of sepsis during the period of neurtropenia. Therefore 2 death were directly related to the complications of high dose chemotherapy. ⑤The following factors were analyzed in both infected and non-infected group to determine if there any significant different: age, sex, radiation therapy, duration of neutropenia, disease. There was no significant different between the 2 groups. Conclusion: Infection is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in high dose chemotherapy. The rate of infection has been largely reduced as a result of rapid marrow engraftment following autologous PBSCT. A longer duration of follow up must be done on more patients to find and improve the problems after autologous PBSCT.

노인의 우울증에 대한 인구사회학적 특성

구성수,손봉수,윤미영,홍성호,조주연 대한가정의학회 1995 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.16 No.8

간호대학생의 영성, 좋은 죽음 인식, 호스피스 인식이 임종간호 태도에 미치는 영향

장인순,구성연,방지원,엄주현,육상희,이하경,정예준,지서원 전남대학교 간호과학연구소 2024 Nursing and Health Issues(NHI) Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that can influence their terminal care attitude and provide basic data for intervention development to foster positive terminal care attitudes among these students. Methods: This study employed a descriptive research method and was conducted from September 8 to 26, 2023, with 168 students from three nursing colleges in Korea. The collected data were analyzed by frequency and percentage, independent t-test, ANOVA, pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using IBM SPSS 29.0. Results: A total of 168 students in the study (female 80.4%; Junior 51.2% and Senior 48.8%). The nursing students’ terminal care attitude showed a significant positive correlation with spirituality (r=.24, p=.002), good death perception (r=.19, p=.012) and hospice perception (r=.52, p<.001). The results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the regression model was significant (F=12.77, p<.001) and that hospice perception (=.51, p<.001) explained 26.1% of the nursing students’ terminal care attitude. Conclusion: It is necessary to include hospice perception when constructing the spiritual nursing curriculums in order to improve nursing students’ terminal care attitude.

다양한 악성 종양에서의 말초혈액조혈 모세포이식을 통한 고용량 항암치료

김현수,구성현,최소연,조요한,지석배,박준성,박희붕,황성철,유희석,전미선,조용관,김효철 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1996 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.1 No.1

High dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is a new therapeutic strategy for various malignancy, especially leukemia, lymphoma, breast cancer. Recently, increasing number of trials has been done in solid tumors responsive to conventional chemotherapy using high dose chemotherapy and autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. At Ajou University Hospital, between August 1995 and September 1996, 60 patients received high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, which in cluded 20 stomach cancers, 16 breast cancers, 15 lymphomas, 4 lung cancers, 3 ovarian cancers, 1 cervix cancer and 1 cancer of unknown primary cancer. Median age of patients was 44 years(range, 19 to 66), and male to female ratio was 0.7:1. The median time to recovery to neutrophil count more than 0.5x109/L was 11 days, and platelet count more than 20x109/L and 50x109/L was 13 and 17 days. With high dose chemotherapy in 41 patients who had relapsed or refractory disease, the complete remission was achieved in 34%(14/41) of patients and overall response rate was 83%(34/41). There was high response rate in spite of various tumor and various status of disease. In with stomach cancer and breast cancer who were given HDCT with adjuvant treatment aim, high dose chemotherapy was well tolerated with minimal non-hematogic toxicity and morbidity. During high dose chemotherapy, there was three transplantation related death, 2 sepsis and 1 veno-occlusive disease. Our experience suggest is well tolerated procedure which confers that high dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood transplantation will be a promising treatment modality for the relapsed and refractory tumors, as well as for patients with high risk for relapse following curative surgical resection.

가정용 로봇 디자인 제안 : 가사노동의 심리적 부담 경감을 중심으로

이중민(Jungmin Lee),구성모(Sungmo Ku),길나령(Naryeong Kil),유채연(Chaeyeon Yoo),박기철(Kicheol Pak) 한국디자인학회 2023 한국디자인학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

급성심근경색증에 병발한 심인성 쇽에서 경피적 관동맥 확장술의 효과

신준한,탁승제,김한수,김 원,김동진,구성현,조요한,최소연,최병일 대한순환기학회 1996 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.26 No.6

대퇴골 형질세포움직이에 의한 병적 골절과 급성 신부전증 , 위아밀로이드증을 동반한 Kappa light chain 다발성 골수움직이 1예

조요한,김도현,김흥수,오윤정,신석균,임현이,신규태,구성현,최소연 대한신장학회 1997 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.16 No.4

Primary amyloidosis has been reported to develop in 6 to 15% Of patien.s with multiple myeloma and especially in 20 to 24% of patients with light chain myeloma. Although deposition of amyloid in the gastric mucosa is common in primary systemic amyloidosis(AL), gastric amyloidosis in AL type is rarely symptomatic. Also, pathologic fracture of the femur secondary to plasmacytoma is quite rare for the first manifestation of multiple myeloma. A case of gastric amyloidosis associated with gastric outlet obstruction and femur plasmacytoma in multiple myeloma is reported with review of literatures.