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건강한 성인에서의 고전적 공포 조건화 및 소거에 연관된 뇌 영역에 대한 뇌영상 연구 고찰
강일향,서채원,윤수정,김정윤,Kang, Ilhyang,Suh, Chaewon,Yoon, Sujung,Kim, Jungyoon 대한생물정신의학회 2021 생물정신의학 Vol.28 No.2
Fear conditioning and extinction, which are adaptive processes to learn and avoid potential threats, have essential roles in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Experimental fear conditioning and extinction have been used to identify the mechanism of fear and anxiety in humans. However, the brain-based mechanisms of fear conditioning and extinction are yet to be established. In the current review, we summarized the results of neuroimaging studies that examined the brain changes-functional activity and structures-regarding fear conditioning or extinction in healthy individuals. The functional activity of the amygdala, insula, anterior cingulate gyrus, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus changed dynamically with both fear conditioning and extinction. This review may provide an up-to-date summary that may broaden our understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms of anxiety disorder. In addition, the brain regions that are involved in the fear conditioning and extinction may be considered as potential treatment targets in the future studies.
탈수초화 동물 모델과 <sup>1</sup>H 자기공명분광영상
조한별,이수지,박신원,강일향,마지영,정현석,김지은,윤수정,류인균,임수미,김정윤,Cho, Han Byul,Lee, Suji,Park, Shinwon,Kang, Ilhyang,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Kim, Jieun E.,Yoon, Sujung,Lyoo, In Kyoon,Lim, Soo Mee,Kim, Jungyoon 대한생물정신의학회 2017 생물정신의학 Vol.24 No.1
The proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1H-MRS$) is a tool used to detect concentrations of brain metabolites such as N-acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate, and gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). It has been widely used because it does not require additional devices other than the conventional magnetic resonance scanner and coils. Demyelination, or the neuronal damage due to loss of myelin sheath, is one of the common pathologic processes in many diseases including multiple sclerosis, leukodystrophy, encephalomyelitis, and other forms of autoimmune diseases. Rodent models mimicking human demyelinating diseases have been induced by using virus (e.g., Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus) or toxins (e.g., cuprizon or lysophosphatidyl choline). This review is an overview of the MRS findings on brain metabolites in demyelination with a specific focus on rodent models.
고려 홍삼이 대뇌 백질 미세구조 및 인지기능에 미치는 효과 : 침입 오류를 중심으로
정현석,김영훈,이선호,염아림,강일향,김지은,이정현,반순현,임수미,이선혜,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Kim, Young Hoon,Lee, Sunho,Yeom, Arim,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Jieun E.,Lee, Junghyun H.,Ban, Soonhyun,Lim, Soo Mee,Lee, Sun Hea 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.2
Objectives Although ginseng has been reported to protect neuronal cells and improve various cognitive functions, relationship between ginseng supplementation and response inhibition, one of the important cognitive domains has not been explored. In addition, effects of ginseng on in vivo human brain have not been investigated using the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The purpose of the current study is to investigate changes in intrusion errors and white matter microstructure after Korean Red Ginseng supplementation using standardized neuropsychological tests and DTI. Methods Fifty-one healthy participants were randomly allocated to the Korean Red Ginseng (n = 26) or placebo (n = 25) groups for 8 weeks. The California Verbal Learning Test was used to assess the number of intrusion errors. Intelligence quotient (IQ) was measured with the Korean Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25. The fractional anisotropy (FA) was measured from the brain DTI data. Results After the 8-week intervention, Korean Red Ginseng supplementation significantly reduced intrusion errors after adjusting age, sex, IQ, and baseline score of the intrusion errors (p for interaction = 0.005). Change in FA values in the left anterior corona radiata was greater in the Korean Red Ginseng group compared to the placebo group (t = 4.29, p = 0.04). Conclusions Korean Red Ginseng supplementation may be efficacious for improving response inhibition and white matter microstructure integrity in the prefrontal cortex.
인지 및 행동영역에서 교대 근무의 유해적인 영향 : 비판적 고찰
이수지,박창현,하은지,박신원,홍혜진,박수현,마지영,강일향,강한,송병훈,김정윤,김지은,Lee, Suji L.,Park, Chang-hyun,Ha, Eunji,Park, Shinwon,Hong, Haejin,Park, Su Hyun,Ma, Jiyoung,Kang, Ilhyang,Kang, Hahn,Song, William Byunghoon,Kim, Jungyo 대한생물정신의학회 2017 생물정신의학 Vol.24 No.2
Shift workers experience a disruption in the circadian sleep-wake rhythm, which brings upon adverse health effects such as fatigue, insomnia and decreased sleep quality. Moreover, shift work has deleterious effects on both work productivity and safety. In this review, we present a brief overview of the current literature on the consequences of shift work, especially focusing on attention-associated cognitive decline and related behavioral changes. We searched two electronic databases, PubMed and RISS, using key search terms related to cognitive domains, deleterious effects, and shift work. Twenty studies were eligible for the final review. The consequences of shift work can be classified into the following three categories extracted from the literature review : 1) work accidents ; 2) commuting accidents such as car accidents that occur on the way to and from work ; and 3) attendance management at work (i.e., absenteeism, tardiness, and unscheduled early departure). These cognitive and behavioral consequences of shift work were also found to be associated with sleep disorders in shift workers. Thus, improvements in the shift work system are necessary in order to enhance workers' health conditions, work productivity, and safety.
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,김영훈,문소현,강일향,정유진,서채원,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Kim, Young Hoon,Moon, Sohyeon,Kang, Ilhyang,Jeong, Eujin,Suh, Chae Won,Shin, Kyun 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.3
Aggression and aggressive behaviors, often explained as harmful social interaction with the intention of hurting or inflicting damage upon another, have been considered as an adaptive mechanism from the evolutionary psychological point of view. However, various studies on aggression and aggressive behaviors have been done with psychopathological approach as the extreme aggressive behaviors may harm themselves and others at the same time. Recently, researchers have attempted to explain aggression in terms of neurobiological substrates rather than based on traditional psychopathological and/or behavioral concept. In this regard, there have been findings of differences in neurotransmitters and their receptors, and genetic polymorphisms. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the literature about seven most frequently reported neurotransmitters including neurohormones (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, nitric oxide, oxytocin and vasopressin) and an associated enzyme (monoamine oxidase A), which are known to be related with aggression and aggressive behaviors.
신경범죄학 : 뇌영상을 활용한 공격성 및 범죄 행동의 이해
유시영,최예지,김상준,정현석,마지영,정유진,문소현,김영은,강일향,김영훈,신경식,김지은,Yu, Si Young,Choi, Yejee,Kim, Sangjoon,Jeong, Hyeonseok S.,Ma, Jiyoung,Jeong, Eujin,Moon, Sohyeon,Kim, Nicole Y.,Kang, Ilhyang,Kim, Young Hoon,Shin, Kyu 대한생물정신의학회 2016 생물정신의학 Vol.23 No.2
Criminology has been understood within a sociological framework until the emergence of neurocriminology, which describes, understands and predicts criminal behaviors from a neurobiological point of view. Not only using biological factors including genes and hormones to understand criminal behaviors, but also using neuroimaging techniques, the field of neurocriminology aims to delve into both structural and functional differences in the brain of individuals with aggression, antisocial personalities, and even the criminals. Various studies have been conducted based on this idea, however, there still are limitations for the knowledge from these studies to be used in the court. In this review article, we provide an overview of the various research in neurocriminology, and provide insight into the future direction and implication of the field.
경두개직류자극술의 인지기능 개선 작용기전에 대한 고찰 : 기능적 자기공명영상 연구를 중심으로
홍혜진(Haejin Hong),김진솔(Jinsol Kim),이향원(Hyangwon Lee),김신혜(Shinhye Kim),강일향(Ilhyang Kang),홍가혜(Gahae Hong),김정윤(Jungyoon Kim) 대한생물치료정신의학회 2020 생물치료정신의학 Vol.26 No.2
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive and effective neuromodulatory technique to modulate cortical activities by applying 1 to 2 milliamps electric current. The use of tDCS to enhance cognitive function such as executive function and memory has attracted much attention in recent years, and a lot of studies have been carried out to identify neural mechanisms underlying cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS. In this review, we discussed the previous neuroimaging studies on applications of tDCS for cognitive enhancement using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Previous tDCS studies for neurological or psychiatric conditions and elderly individuals suggested that cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were associated with normalizing aberrant brain networks and activities related to pathophysiology. Moreover, tDCS-induced cognitive enhancement in healthy individuals was associated with functional changes in brain activations and network connectivity. Furthermore, cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS were varied depending on the neurological structure and functional characteristics between individuals. The current review may provide critical insights into functional activity and connectivity of the brain regarding cognitive enhancement effects of tDCS, which could give direction for further studies on identifying the specific neural mechanisms and clinical strategies of tDCS.