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내재율이라는 빈 기표, 그 이후 - 신지연, 『증상으로서의 내재율』, 소명출판, 2014
강영미 상허학회 2014 상허학보 Vol.42 No.-
The author of Inner Rhythm as a Symptom investigates the inner rhythm in Modern Korean free-verse. Regarding the distinctive aspects of Modern Korean poetry during the era and through genealogical approach that adapted, the author clearly demonstrates that inner rhythm is an outstanding characteristic on the process of formation of Modern Korean poetry, whereas the common approach of conceptual history's investigation is usually based on the historico-philosophical discourse including modern, nation, and institution. The dichotomous method is used to explain the distinctiveness during formation of the concept of inner rhythm of Modern Korean free-verse poetry (i.e. West/East, Universality/Particularity). This method is generally adapted when the academic approach toward modern study is needed. Also, this can be a general and effective method for explaining the distinctiveness in Eastern culture while adopting Western culture. The majority of the scholars in Joseon during the era simply followed the concept of inner rhythm (i.e. the vague concept established within Japanese academia). On the other hand, Japanese scholars struggled to elaborate a new argument that the authentic Japanese rhythmic aspect which was similar to that of Western symbolist poem was also detected among many Japanese poetries, even if their argument reversed the cause and effect. Moreover, Joseon was in the situation where the scholars adhered to the Japanese concept and they failed to establish a new theoretical concept for Joseon's universality and centre. Also, they intentionally hid the deficiency of authenticity and universality which existed in Western literature. In fact, it was the contradictory circumstance where the majority of the Joseon academia tried to create a new literature style while their effort depened the impression of imitation of other literatures. As a result, it is concluded that all aforementioned situations narrowed down to one word, the inner rhythm. 『증상으로서의 내재율』의 저자는 근대, 국가, 제도와 같은 역사 철학계에서 거대 담론 차원에서 접근하는 개념사 연구와 달리, 한국의 근대자유시의 한 특성과 연관된 내재율이라는 작은 개념을 계보학적으로 탐색함으로써, 한국의 근현대 시가 형성되던 과정의 특수한 한 계기를 여실하게 보여준다. 서구/동양, 보편/특수, 선발/후발이라는 이분 구도 속에서 내재율이라는 개념의 형성 과정을 설명하는 접근법은 서구문화를 받아들이는 동양문화의 특성을 설명할 수 있는 일반적 방법론일 뿐만 아니라 근대 학문 연구의 보편적인 방법론이기도 하며, 한국의 근현대 자유시 형성 과정의 특이성을 설명할 수 있는 유효한 방법이기도 하다. 이러한 방법을 통해 저자는 식민지시대부터 해방 이후 남북한에서까지 내재율이라는 개념이 사용된 맥락을 섬세하게 짚어내고 있다. 서구 상징주의 시에 버금가는 내용의 리듬이 이미 있었다는 전도된 방식으로 또 다른 기원을 만들어낸 일본과 달리, 조선은 일본에서 만든 내재율이라는 애매한 개념을 부여잡고 있는 형국이었다. 보편과 중심을 꿈꾸며 새로운 것을 만들고자 하였으나 생성하지는 못한 채 남의 것을 애매하게 붙들고 있는 형국. 서구 보편에는 있으나 우리에게는 없다는 결핍, 결핍을 감추며 새로운 것을 창작하려 했으나 그럴수록 모방의 흔적만 더 강해지는 역설적 상황. 이 모든 상황이 내재율이라는 단어에 침전되어 있다는 것이 저자의 진단이다.
강영미,이수건,천용민,최윤락,문성환,이환모,강호정 연세대학교의과대학 2020 Yonsei medical journal Vol.61 No.1
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FST gene on the inhibition of fibrosis in fibroblastic cells from scartissue around repaired zone II flexor tendons. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry was conducted on fibroblast cells transfected with adenovirus-LacZ (Ad-LacZ)as a marker gene (control), or with adenovirus-FST (Ad-FST) as a therapeutic gene. Fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposureserved as controls. Results: Fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FST demonstrated significant decrease in collagen type I, MMP-1, MMP2, andα-SMA mRNA expressions compared to those transfected with Ad-LacZ. In addition, fibroblastic cells transfected with Ad-FSTexhibited significant decrease in MMP-1, TIMP-1, fibronectin, PAI-1, TRPV4, α-SMA, desmin, and PAX7 protein expressions. Conclusion: Based on these findings, we conclude that FST may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing scar adhesionsaround repaired tendons by inhibiting fibroblasts from differentiating into myofibroblasts, in addition to producing type I collagenand regulating extracellular matrix turnover via the downregulation of MMP-1 and TIMP-1. FST may also decrease contractureof the scar by inhibiting Ca2+-dependent cell contraction.
강영미,최윤락,이환모,문성환,강호 연세대학교의과대학 2017 Yonsei medical journal Vol.58 No.2
Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-fibrotic effect of relaxin in subsynovial fibroblasts activated by transforminggrowth factor beta (TGF-β). Materials and Methods: To test the anti-fibrotic effect of an adenovirus-relaxin construct (Ad-RLN) on subsynovial fibroblasts in vitro, cells from subsynovial connective tissue of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were activated with TGF-β1 and exposed to Ad-RLN (as a therapeutic gene) or adenovirus-lacZ construct (as a marker gene) for four hours. Subsynovial fibroblast cultures without adenoviral exposure served as controls. Results: We observed induction of gene expressions of collagen I, III and IV, as well as the abatement of alpha-smooth muscle actin(a-SMA) synthesis, Smad2 phosphorylation, and fibronectin at the protein level, in comparison to controls. In addition, proteinexpressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) I was significantly induced, whereas the protein expressions of tissue inhibitorof metalloproteinases (TIMP) I and IV were reduced due to relaxin expression. Conclusion: RLN prevents excessive synthesis of extracellular matrix by reducing the expressions of its components, such as fibronectin,a-SMA, and phosphorylated Smad2, by increasing the expression of MMPs; and by decreasing the expression of TIMPs.
강영미,홍성환,양재호,오진철,박진오,이병호,김학선,이환모,문성환 대한골대사학회 2016 대한골대사학회지 Vol.23 No.3
Background: N-containing bisphosphonates (BPs), such as pamidronate and risedronate, can inhibit osteoclastic function and reduce osteoclast number by inducing apoptotic cell death in osteoclasts. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effect of pamidronate, second generation nitrogen-containing BPs and to elucidate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mRNA expression under serum starvation and/or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) stimulation on metabolism of intervertebral disc (IVD) cells in vitro. Methods: Firstly, to test the effect of pamidronate on IVD cells in vitro, various concentrations (10-12 , 10-10 , 10-8 , and 10-6 M) of pamidronate were administered to IVD cells. Then DNA and proteoglycan synthesis were measured and messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of type I collagen, type II collagen, and aggrecan were analyzed. Secondly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in human IVD cells under the lower serum status, IVD cells were cultivated in full serum or 1% serum. Thirdly, to elucidate the expression of MMPs mRNA in IVD cells under the stimulation of 1% serum and TNF-α (10 ng/mL) In this study, IVD cells were cultivated in three dimensional alginate bead. Results: Under the lower serum culture, IVD cells in alginate beads showed upregulation of MMP 2, 3, 9, 13 mRNA. The cells in lower serum and TNF-α also demonstrated upregulation of MMP2, 3, 9, and 13 mRNA. The cells with various doses of pamidronate and lower serum and TNF-α were reveled partial down-regulation of MMPs. Conclusions: Pamidronate, Ncontaining second generation BPs, was safe in metabolism of IVD in vitro maintaining chondrogenic phenotype and matrix synthesis, and down-regulated TNF-α induced MMPs expression.