녹용사근환약침(鹿茸四斤丸藥鍼) 및 경구투여(經口投與)가 흰쥐의 성장(成長)과 지능발달(知能發達)에 미치는 영향(影響)

강기원,고형균,이윤호,Kang, Ki-weon,Koh, Hyung-kyun,Lee, Yun-ho 대한침구의학회 2003 대한침구의학회지 Vol.20 No.6

Objective: This study was designed to investigate effects of Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture on body weight, body length, intellectual development Methods: We observed body weight, body length, intellectual development after feeding Nokyongsageunhwan and Nokyongsageunhwan aquapuncuture for thirty three days, and mRNA expressions of GHRF, Somatostatin, IGF-1, NPY were analyzed by RT-PCR method. Results: The results were summarized as follows. 1. Body length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to normal group and normal saline injection group on 4th week, 2. Lower part of hind leg length was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to normal group on 3rd week, and it was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 3. As results of observing memory aquisition using Morris water maze system, there was significantly difference in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group on 4th week. 4. As results of observing retention using Morris water maze system, staying time was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group. 5. The somatostatin mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly decreased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 6. The IGF-1 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus is significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group and Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group. 7. The NPY mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was significantly increased in Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration group compared to that of normal group, and it was increased in Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture group compared to that of normal group, but there was no significant difference. Conclusions: According to the above results, it appears that Nokyongsageunhwan oral administration and Nokyongsageunhwan herbal acupuncture on acupoint GB34 and GB39 showed effects on the growth and the intellectual development of rats.

애구(艾灸)의 연소(燃燒) 구간별(區間別) 열량비(熱量比)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

강기원,남상수,이재동,최도영,안병철,박동석,이윤호,최용태,Kang Ki-Weon,Nam Sang-Soo,Lee Jae-Dong,Choi Do-Young,Ahn Byoung-Choul,Park Dong-Seok,Lee Yun-Ho,Choi Yong-Tae 대한침구의학회 1998 대한침구의학회지 Vol.15 No.2

In order to evaluate calorie rate of moxa-combustion(direct moxibustion=DM, indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube=IMS, indirect moxibustion with ginger slice=IMG), calorie rate(%) in the preheating period, heating period, retaining period, and cooling period was calculated respectively to the total combustion calories in all the periods. The result are as follow: 1. Indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other groups during the preheating period, represented statistical differences between IMS group and IMG group, and also between DM group and IMS group. 2. Indirect moxibustion with ginger slice group showed the highest rate with the statistical significance and followed by DM group and IMG group during the heating period, represented statistical difference among DM, IMS, and IMG group. 3. Direct moxibustion group had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other group during the retaining period, represented statistical difference between DM group and IMG group, and also between DM group and IMS group. 4. Indirect moxibustion with stainless steel tube had the highest rate with the statistical significance than other groups during the cooling period, represented statistical differences between IMS group and IMG group, and also between IMS group and DM group.

흡연, 음주와 운동습관의 군집현상을 통한 건강행태의 고위험군: 국민건강영양 조사

강기원,성주헌,김창엽,Kang, Ki-Won,Sung, Joo-Hon,Kim, Chang-Yup 대한예방의학회 2010 예방의학회지 Vol.43 No.1

Objectives: We investigated the clustering of selected lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, lack of physical exercise) and identified the population characteristics associated with increasing lifestyle risks. Methods: Data on lifestyle risk factors, sociodemographic characteristics, and history of chronic diseases were obtained from 7,694 individuals ${\geq}20$ years of age who participated in the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Clustering of lifestyle risks involved the observed prevalence of multiple risks and those expected from marginal exposure prevalence of the three selected risk factors. Prevalence odds ratio was adopted as a measurement of clustering. Multiple correspondence analysis, Kendall tau correlation, Man-Whitney analysis, and ordinal logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify variables increasing lifestyle risks. Results: In both men and women, increased lifestyle risks were associated with clustering of: (1) cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and (2) smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and lack of physical exercise. Patterns of clustering for physical exercise were different from those for cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. The increased unhealthy clustering was found among men 20-64 years of age with mild or moderate stress, and among women 35-49 years of age who were never-married, with mild stress, and increased body mass index (>$30\;kg/m^2$). Conclusions: Addressing a lack of physical exercise considering individual characteristics including gender, age, employment activity, and stress levels should be a focus of health promotion efforts.

청도군 운문사 입구 수구막이 소나무림 식생구조 및 생육 특성

강기원,이도이,한봉호,곽정인,Kang, Gi Won,Lee, Do-I,Han, Bong-Ho,Kwak, Jeong-In 한국조경학회 2020 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.48 No.5

본 연구는 수구막이 소나무림을 대상으로 식생구조 및 생육특성 연구를 통한 문화경관림의 관리방안 수립을 목적으로 수행하였다. 연구 대상지는 경상북도 최남단에 위치한 청도군 운문면 신원리 운문사 입구의 수구막이 소나무림으로 면적은 45,201㎡이다. 운문사입구 수구막이 소나무림의 역사적 근거에 대한 사료는 전무하였고, 선형연구를 통해 운문사 입구 소나무림이 위치하고 있는 곳이 풍수지리적으로 수구에 위치하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 생육현황은 조사구 98개에 대한 격자조사를 통해 전체 수목현황과 소나무 생육상태를 조사하였다. 생육현황 분석결과, 교목층에 소나무, 일본잎갈나무, 느티나무, 팽나무, 붉나무가 분포하였고, 아교목층에서는 가죽나무 등 28종, 관목층은 개머루 등 92종이 생육하고 있었다. 소나무 식물군집 구조는 교목층 소나무 주수와 경급을 기준으로 연구대상지 내 소나무림의 저밀도, 중밀도, 고밀도로 구분하여 비교분석하였다. 분석결과 저밀도, 중밀도, 고밀도 소나무림 공히 교목층은 소나무가 우점하였고, 경쟁수종은 없었다. 저밀도의 소나무림 상대우점치는 평균 46.9이었고, 중밀도는 평균 62.6%, 고밀도는 평균 50.2%이었다. 저밀도 조사구의 Shannon의 종다양도는 평균 0.7055이었고, 중밀도는 평균 0.8966, 고밀도는 평균 0.8317이었다. 수구막이 소나무림의 표본목 25주에 대한 연륜 및 생장량을 분석한 결과, 표본목 흉고직경(DBH) 분포는 38~77cm이었으며 평균 흉고직경은 61.1cm이었다. 수령은 84~161년이었고 표본목 평균 수령은 114년이었다. 수구막이 소나무에는 일제강점기에 송진 채취를 목적으로 낸 수간상처가 대부분 있다. 현황을 보면 전체 670주 중 송진 채취목이 659주로 전체의 98.3%이다. 그중 394주는 2005년에 외과수술을 실시하였다. 수구막이 소나무림의 보존을 위해 고사목은 대체목으로 수형을 고려하여 중남부평지형 소나무로 복원하고, 대상지내 일본잎갈나무 등 외래종 제거와 외과수술을 한 소나무는 정기적인 살균·살충의 관리방안을 제시하였다. This study was designed to come up with a way of managing a cultural landscape forest by conducting research on the vegetation structure and growth characteristics. This study's target site, which was 45,201㎡ in size, was Pinus densiflora forest for Sugumagi placed at the entrance of Unmun Temple, Sinwon-ri, Unmun-myeon, and Cheongdo-gun in the southernmost part of Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. Sugumagi means the water of the valley flows far away, and where no downstream is visible according to feng shui. The historical sources of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple isn't clear. It waw only found at that location. The Pinus densiflora forest at the entrance of Unmun Temple is located in the waterway in terms of Feng Shui. The present condition of growth was investigated through a grid surveys of 98 trees and Pinus densiflora growth. As a result of the analysis of growth status, Pinus densiflora, Larix leptolepis, Zelkova serrata, Celtis sinensis, and Rhus javanica were distributed in the conopy layer, and 28 species including Ailanthus altissima were grown in the understroy layer, and 92 species, including Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, in the shrub layer. The plant community structure was divided into low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests in the study area, based on the number in the conopy layer and the grade of and the trees analyzed. As a result of the analysis, the Pinus densiflora dominated the low, medium and high-density Pinus densiflora forests, and there were no competitive species. The relative dominance of the low-density Pinus densiflora forests was 46.9% on average, medium-density was 62.6% and 50.2% was found in high-density. The mean species diversity of Shannon in the low-density study was 0.7055, medium-density study was 0.8966 and the average species diversity of Shannon in the high-density study was 0.8317. The analysis of the age and growth of 25 sample trees in the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest shows that the distribution of the chest diameter (DBH) of the sample Pinus densiflora is 38 to 77cm with the average chest diameter being 61.1cm. The age was 84-161 years and the average was 114 years. In the Pinus densiflora forest, most(670,659, or 98.3%) of the tree trunk wound was collected for rosins during the Japanese colonia Era, Of the total 670, 659 were Pinus densiflora, 98.3% of the total. 394 were surgically repaired in 2005. For the preservation of the Sugumagi Pinus densiflora forest, dead trees should be replaced with substitute trees appropriate to the middle and south topography. It is demanded that foreign species such as Larix leptolepis in the research area should be removed and Pinus densiflora that underwent surgical operations should be regularly sterilized. It is also emphasized that the management of insecticide is important.

소형풍력발전 블레이드용 복합재료의 피로수명 분포에 대한 확률론적 평가

강기원(Ki Weon Kang) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.5

Wind Turbine Blade Design using Design of Experiments

강기원(Kang, Ki-Weon),이승표(Lee, Seung-Pyo),장세명(Chang, Se-Myong),이장호(Lee, Jang-Ho) 한국신재생에너지학회 2009 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.11

This paper describes the structural design of small wind turbine blade by using design of experiments. Blade structure consists of skin, spar and foam. The materials for skin and spar are a kind of Glass/Epoxy and form is polyurethane. It has 7 lay-ups with different ply angle. A factorial design is applied to design the ply angles considering manufacturing constraints and to investigate the safety factor which is calculated by structural analysis. In order to perform the structural analysis, the commercial software ABAQUS is used. Tsai-Wu failure criterion is chosen to compute safety factor. The determination of the significance of effects in the experiments is made through the analysis of variance. The results show that ply angle at skin affects the safety factor of wind turbine blade. And from this result, optimal ply angles of composite blade are achieved.

양주 독바위 보루의 축성과 운영

강기원 ( Kang Ki-won ) 한국고대학회 2024 先史와 古代 Vol.- No.74

이 글은 현재까지 진행된 양주 독바위 보루의 발굴조사 성과를 정리한 후 유적의 축조 및 변화과정을 파악하고 백제 한성기의 관방유적과 비교·검토를 통해 역사적 가치를 살펴본 것이다. 독바위 보루가 위치한 양주분지 일원은 한강유역에서 임진·한탄강 유역을 연결하는 주요 교통로상의 중심지로 독바위 보루는 양주분지에서도 동반부 중앙에 위치하여 지정학적으로 중요한 곳에 축성된 삼국시대 보루 유적이다. 독바위 보루는 북봉과 남봉을 중심으로 현재까지 6차례의 발굴조사가 진행되었으며, 지금까지의 발굴조사 결과 4세기 중·후엽 백제 한성기에 초축되어 5세기 후반 이후 고구려, 신라에서 점유·활용되었을 것으로 여겨진다. 북봉은 4세기 중·후엽에 축조된 토축성으로 상대적으로 지대가 높고 외곽이 급경사인 북쪽과 동쪽 일대는 자연지형을 활용하고, 방어가 취약한 서쪽 사면부 일대는 일부 토축 대지를 마련한 후 사면부를 따라 일정한 간격으로 군사적 기능의 임시 거처로 보여지는 수혈유구를 배치하여 방어기능을 보완했던 것으로 추정된다. 성내 시설물은 대체적으로 북봉 정상부 동쪽에 형성된 평탄지는 주거지가 밀집되어 확인되는 주거공간, 북쪽과 북서쪽 사면부를 따라 조성된 방어공간, 북봉 정상부에 플라스크형 수혈군이 확인되는 저장공간으로 구분되는 공간배치 양상을 보이고 있다. 남봉은 석축성으로 지형은 서→동 방향으로 낮아지는 길고 폭이 좁은 세장한 타원형 모양이다. 최대 5단의 편평한 대지가 조성되어 있으며 각 단마다 성내 시설물이 배치되어 있는데, 세장한 봉우리 바깥쪽으로 할석채움시설과 보루 성벽이 축조되어 있다. 남봉의 축조시기는 성벽 구조물 및 성내 시설물에서 출토되는 토기와 AMS 연대측정 결과 등을 고려할 때 한성 백제기인 4세기 후반에 초축되어 5세기 후반 이후 고구려가 점유하면서 재운용된 것으로 판단된다. 아울러 독바위 보루 북봉과 남봉 모두 외곽이 급경사인 일대는 자연지형을 활용하고 상대적으로 방어가 취약한 일대는 토축 또는 석축을 활용하여 성벽을 축조하였고, 성내 시설물 또한 기본적인 공간분할 또는 배치계획하에 축조하였음을 알 수 있다. 독바위 보루는 양주분지 내 분포하고 있는 관방유적 가운데 처음으로 발굴조사되어 전반적인 성격규명이 가능한 백제 한성기 산성으로 양주분지 중심부를 관할하는 거점성 내지 양주와 포천의 거점성을 보조하는 소규모 보조성으로 역할을 했을 가능성이 있다. 또한 양주분지 내에서 확인되는 삼국시대 보루 및 취락유적과 연계하여 방어와 함께 교통로 감시를 보다 강화한 관방체계를 구축하였을 것으로 여겨진다. This study aims to arrange the excavation and survey results of the Dokbawi Fortress in Yangju so far, examine the construction and changing process of the relic, and figure out its historical value through its comparison and review with the fortresses from the Hanseong period of Baekje. The Yangju basin area where the Dokbawi Fortress is located in the center of a major traffic route from the Han River valley to the valleys of the Imjin River and Hantan River. The Dokbawi Fortress situated at the eastern center of the Yangju basin, is a fortress relic from the Three Kingdoms period in a location of geopolitical importance. There have been six excavation investigations at the Dokbawi Fortress around its northern and southern peaks. The results show that the fortress was built in the middle and late fourth century during the Hanseong period of Baekje and was occupied and utilized by Goguryeo and Silla in the fifth and sixth centuries. The northern peak is a mud-walled fortress built in the middle and late fourth century. The northern and eastern parts have relatively higher ground and a steep slope in the outskirts, making use of natural topography. Vulnerable in defense, the western side seems to have supplemented its defensive function by doing earthwork for a lot and arranging a pit dwelling site at a certain interval along the side as a temporary residence with military functions. As for facilities inside the fortress, the plain east of the northern peak had residential areas with dense dwellings. Defensive spaces were created along the northern and northwestern sides. The spatial arrangement pattern also includes storage spaces in the flask-shaped pit dwelling sites on the northern peak. The southern peak is a stone-walled fortress, getting lower from a west→east direction. It is in an oval shape that is long and narrow. There is a flat site of up to five levels, each of which has fortress facilities. There are facilities to fill up rubble stone and fortress walls outside the long and narrow peak. The southern peak was built in the late fourth century during the Hanseong period of Baekje and was occupied and remanaged by Goguryeo since the fifth century based on its wall structures, earthenware excavated at its facilities, and AMS dating results. Both the northern and southern peaks of the Dokbawi Fortress utilize the natural topography in the steep outskirts and have mud or stone walls where the defense function is relatively weak. The facilities inside the fortress were also built according to the basic space division or arrangement plan. The Dokbawi Fortress was the first fortress excavated and investigated in the Yangju basin. This fortress from the Hanseong period of Baekje has been examined for its overall nature. There is a possibility that it served as a base fortress to control the central area of the Yangju basin or a small auxiliary fortress to assist the base fortresses of Yangju and Pocheon. By forming a connection with the fortress and settlement relics from the Three Kingdoms period in the Yangju basin, it must have established a fortress system to reinforce the traffic route surveillance further along with defense functions.

항공기 주익 구조물의 응력스펙트럼 및 피로수명 추정에 관한 연구

강기원(Ki-Weon Kang),고승기(Seung-Ki Koh),최동수(Dong-Soo Choi),김태성(Tae-Sung Kim) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.34 No.9

장기운영된 항공기에는 비행시간의 누적에 따라 다양한 피로균열이 발생하며 이는 운영상 안전성 및 가동률을 저하시키는 요인이 된다. 이의 해결을 위하여 피로임계위치(Fatigue critical location, FCL)에 대한 균열 진전 해석은 매우 중요하다. 그러나 이러한 장기 운영된 항공기의 경우, 균열 진전 해석에 필수적인 FCL에서의 응력 스펙트럼 획득은 거의 불가능한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 장기운영된 항공기 주익 구조물의 FCL에서의 균열 진전 해석을 수행하기 위하여, 먼저 주익 구조물에 대한 2차원 하드카피 형태의 도면으로부터 구축된 3차원 CAD 모델에 대한 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 또한 이러한 유한요소해석 결과 및 제한된 하중배수 자료를 기반으로 FCL에서의 전달함수와 응력 스펙트럼을 산출하였다. 상기 자료를 바탕으로 상용 균열 진전 해석 코드인 NASGRO를 이용하여 FCL에서의 균열진전해석을 수행하였다. Aged aircraft have several cracks as a results of long-term service, and these cracks affect the safety and decrease the rate of operation of the aircraft. To solve these problems, crack propagation analysis should be perfomred to determine the service life at fatigue critical location(FCL). It is, however, almost impossible to obtain the stress spectrum, which is crucial for crack propagation analysis of the FCLs of wing structure of aged aircraft. In this study, to analyze the fatigue crack propagation behavior at the FCL of an aged aircraft, first finite element analysis is performed for a 3D geometry model of the aircraft wing structure, which is obtained using CATIA based on the paper drawings. Then, the transfer function and stress-spectrum of the FCL are derived using the load factor data and the FEA results. Finally, the crack propagation rates of the FCL are evaluated using the commercial software, NASGRO 6.0.

충격손상 복합재료의 잔류강도저하거동에 대한 통계적 평가

강기원(Kang, Ki-Weon),이승표(Lee, Seung-Pyo),이진수(Lee, Jin-Soo),고병갑(Koh, Byung-Kab) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.2

본 논문에서는 충격손상을 갖는 유리섬유강화 복합재료의 강도 저하 특성과 이의 통계적 특성을 실험적으로 평가하였다. 평직 복합재료의 주요 충격손상은 섬유파단과 모재균열로서 이는 층간분리가 주된 충격손상인 일방향 적 층복합재료와는 상이한 양상이다. 일방향 적층복합재료에 대하여 제안된 기존의 잔류강도 예측모델을 이용하여 충격 손상을 갖는 평직 glass/epoxy 복합재료의 잔류강도를 평가하였다. 그 결과 Avva 및 Caprino의 잔류강도 예측모델은 평직 복합재료의 잔류강도에 대해서도 잘 평가되었다. 또한 유리섬유강화 복합재료의 잔류강도에 대한 통계적 특성 평가를 위한 모델을 제안하였으며, 이를 통한 예측결과는 복합재료의 두께와 관계없이 실험결과를 잘 묘사하였다. This study is experimentally performed to evaluate the strength reduction behavior and its statistical properties of plain woven glass/epoxy composites. The results indicate that the major impact damage of plain woven glass/epoxy composites is the fiber breakage and matrix crack, whereas the dominant impact damage of unidirectional carbon/epoxy laminates is the delamination, which depends on the stacking sequence. The residual strength prediction models, previously proposed on unidirectional laminates, are applied to evaluate the residual strength of plain woven glass/epoxy composites with impact damage. Among these models, the results by Caprino and Avva's model have a good agreement with the experimental results. To investigate the variability of residual strength of the impacted composite materials, a statistical model was proposed and its results were in conformance with the experimental results regardless of their thickness.

항공기 주익 구조물의 응력스펙트럼 및 피로수명 추정에 관한 연구

강기원(Ki-Weon Kang),고승기(Seung-Ki Koh),최동수(Dong-Soo Choi),김태성(Tae-Sung Kim) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.4

Aged Aircraft has the several cracks due to the long-term service and these cracks deteriorate the safety and the rate of operation. To solve this, the crack propagation analysis for flight critical location is of utmost required. maneuver. It is, however, almost impossible to obtain the stress spectrum, which is crucial for the crack propagation analysis, at the FCLs of aged aircraft wing structure. In this study, to analyze the fatigue crack propagation behavior at FCL in aged aircraft, firstly the finite element analysis is performed for the 3D geometry model of wing assembly, which is obtained using CATIA from the paper drawings. And then, transfer function and stress-spectrum at FCL are derived from based on the limited load factor data and the FEA results. Finally, crack propagation rates at the FCL are analyzed using the commercial code, NASGRO.