State Indicator of Water Quality for Surface Water and Groundwater in Agriculture

Min-Kyeong Kim,Goo-Bok Jung,An-Sung Ro,Seung-Chul Choi,Won-Il Choi,Eun-Jeong Kim,Jong-Eun Lee,Yeo-Uk Yun,Kab-Cheol Kim,Do-Young Ko,Byeong-Ho Kim,Hyeon-Ji Kim,Sang-Jo Park,Seong-Tae Lee,Jae-Young Heo,S 한국토양비료학회 2015 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.48 No.5

Indicators of environmental conditions qualitatively and quantitatively describe the state of the environment and natural resources, and the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) has initiated and suggested AEIs (Agri-Environmental Indicators) to assess trends over time of the effects of agriculture on the environment and the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural and environmental policy measures since 1990’s. This study aims to develop the state indicators of water quality for agricultural water, surface and groundwater, to evaluate the environmental impacts of agricultural activities and policies by qualifying the environmental levels of a nation. Status indicators were calculated according to the agricultural water quality standards of OECD and Korea, and their trends were analyzed over time. Particularly, nitrate(NO₃<SUP>-</SUP>) status indicators of ground water in 2013 were significantly lower than the ones in 2000. Overall, the water quality indicators of surface water in 2013 were higher than the ones in 2012, except for pH and DO. The groundwater quality indicators in 2013 were lower than those of previous years. The optimal management indicators were calculated to assess agricultural surface water and groundwater quality. The findings of this study indicated that the state indicators could play a significant role to establish policies and procedures for managing and conserving water resources. This study also discussed water pollution caused by agricultural and industrial effluents.

크롬(VI)-2,4'-bipyridine 착물을 이용한 벤질 알코올의 산화반응 속도

최선도,박영조 三陟大學校 産業科學技術硏究所 2002 産業科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.1

Cr(VI)-2,4'-bipyridine complex(2,4'-BPCC) was synthesized by the reaction of 2,4'-bipyridine with chromium(VI) trioxide in 6M hydrochloric acid. 2,4'-BPCC structure was verified by IR, EA and ICP. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol using 2.4'-BPCC in various solvents showed that the reactivity increased with the increase of the dielectric constant such as chloroform<dichloromethane<acetone<N,N'-dimethylformamide<acetonitrile. Kinetic mesurement was performed by gas chromatographic and electrochemical methods. By the former method, rate constant of benzyl alcohol was 1.82×10-6s-1DMF system, but the latter one gave 2.93×10-4s-1 for 2.4'-BPCC and 4.46×10-4s-1 for 2-MPCC. The electrochemical method was more effective, and according to its steric advantage, oxidant, 2-MPCC was best one of the used oxidants.

월출산국립공원 수질특성에 관한 연구

최형일,김난희,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

Because mountain streams have narrow widths and steep slopes compared to streams and lakes, hours of immobility are considerably short, and the quality of mountain streams has been greatly influenced by rainfall, land-use, components of the streambed and types of forests. During the summer when heavy rainfall occurs, eroded earth and sand flow into mountain streams and cause temporarily high turbidity. It is also the cause of eutrophication, which is frequently found in downstream. As evaluation standards for the quality of mountain streams were not established in Korea, this quality was evaluated by examining some items based on quality standards for drinkable water and research on the influences of pollution in mountain streams, which showed that these were seldom in downstream water systems. Mountain streams within Wolchulsan National Park flow into a reservoir and when characteristics of mountain streams from forests and rainfall that flow into mountain streams through forest ecosystems were studied, results of measuring its changes are as follows. Monthly changes of pH were low between April and August and higher starting October, and the EC was measured higher in the winter and the spring and tended to be low starting April. The EC on the 19th of May and the 23rd of October and the concentration of floating materials and COD_(Mn) were observed to be higher due to the influence of rainfall on the 19th of May and the 22nd of October, and it was judged that the washing out of dried deposits attached to the water pipe and the leaching of woods were influenced by rainfall. It is considered that real-time monitoring of water quality for a long time and water quality conditions during and after rainfall should be examined for ensuring basic data of water quality and evaluating characteristics and seasonableness of mountain streams, which may be greatly changed by artificial influence in the future.

담양신설 IC의 교통소음도 조사연구

최형일,강영주,채희정,김연풍,조도호,설동화,정숙경 조선대학교 환경공해연구소 2007 環境公害硏究 Vol.20 No.1

After the vehicle has become a large formation with high-speed, loud noise from an express highway is increasing, and the number of large-scale apartment complexes, which are recently being constructed in the metropolitan area nearby the express highway and IC, is increasing gradually. Compared with a main road, the traffic volume and the speed of a vehicle between IC and the ramp way [turn-off] are smaller. If the ramp way is rightly connected with the downtown area, however, the traffic-noise that comes about in surrounding areas will be in conjunction with the traffic-noise from the main road of express highway and that of the ramp way. This research has selected a place that hasn't had a road or a commercial quarter nearby the main-road of IC and ramp way. Then we have studied the traffic-noise status under minimizing influence of its outer-noise, which occurs in IC. 1. The traffic volume change of a small and full-sized car with time has been kept on regularity in 2004 and 2005. As the traffic volume of a full-sized car has diminished remarkably, it has been maintaining through 6:00a.m.-10:00 a.m. As it has decreased since lO:OO a.m.. we have also observed the traffic proportion going up. 2. Monthly traffic volume of small cars was higher in May, August and October than other months. We have observed that the high traffic volume during these months is due to the following: May-The Damyang festival, August-a high-demand season, October-viewing scarlet maple leaves. Monthly traffic volume of full-sized cars was generally higher in August, but it has decreased during 2006. This was due to the many construction trucks that were working on the extension of the 88 Olympic expressway. Therefore, there was more traffic volume in 2006 compared to 2004 and 2005. 3. In this study, the noise figures have been less than 55 dB(A) in 18 spots. There were 14 spots from 55dB(A) to 58dB(A). 58-61dB(A) : 20, 61-64dB(A) : 17, 64-67dB(A) : 18. There were 8 spots we observed at the highest level from 67dB(A) to 70dB(A). Those were the nearby spots separating the main road and Damyang IC. 4. Traffic-noise at the boundary between IC and the main road of an expressway was higher than that of the same distance in other places. 5. We have observed that traffic-noise is low in places with mountains that serve the role of soundproofing walls. Thus, the fundamental sound hadn't affected it.

직류 서보 전동기의 위치 제어를 위한 오차 적응 퍼지 PI 제어에 관한 연구

최우진,임영도,이준탁 東亞大學校 1994 東亞論叢 Vol.31 No.1

In this paper, the design technique of Error Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller with the aim to achieve the accuracy and the better robustness than the conventional PI controller and the Fuzzy controller presented. In the proposed Error Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller with fuzzy reasonings; a P controller mainly used to improve the transient response, and an I controller is mainly used to excute an acrate regulation action in steady state. Using this proposed alogorithm, the position controller of the DC servo system is implemented on 80486 micro processor with DT-2801 data acqusition board. Comparing to the conventional Fuzzy controller which is based on human being's inspection and intelligence or comparing to the convetional PI controller, the proposed Error Adaptive Fuzzy PI controller has the better robust dynamics against load disturbances.

싸이리스터 PWM정류기를 이용한 유도가열장치

崔泳道,李景彬,韓炳文 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.21 No.-

This paper proposes a new induction heating system composed of a thyristor PWM rectifier with a resonant commutation circuit. The operation of proposed system was first analyzed by a theoretical approach with equivalent circuits. And its verification was performed by computer simulations with EMTP. The proposed system can provide a solution for the power factor problem of the existing high-power induction heating system, which uses the line-commutated thyristor bridge in rectifier side.

램프변조를 이용한 FP간섭센서 신호처리

최선영,김도익,예윤해 경희대학교 레이저공학연구소 2001 레이저공학 Vol.12 No.-

We developed a high- speed signal processor for Fabry -Perot interferometric sensors using ramp modulation. The signal processor was implemented onto field programmable gate array(FPGA). This method has an advantage of simplifying the circuit of system as well as improving of the system performance. The signal processor was tested with FP interferometric temperature sensor with a cavity length of 1.52 cm. The random walk of the system was 1.1 □.

안테나 형태에 따른 대면적 ICP 플라즈마의 균일도 면화에 관한 연구

최영도,노태협,김곤호 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2001 이학기술연구지 Vol.3 No.-

대면적 균일 ICP 플라즈마를 발생시킬 수 있는 IPC용 안테나 개발을 위하여 안테나 구조와 안테나에 흐르는 전류 방향에 따른 발생 플라즈마의 특성을 Langmuir 탐침과 자기 탐침을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 안테나의 구조가 내부 안테나와 외부 안테나로 이루어진 두 안테나에 흐르는 전류방향이 반대 방향일 때는 같은 방향일 때보다 플라즈마 밀도 균일도가 향상되는 경향을 가졌다. 직경 300mm에서의 플라즈마 균일도가 2~3%를 나타내었다. 이 결과를 이용하여 Super Flat Antenna(SFA)를 개발하였다. This paper presents effects of antenna shape and current direction on plasma density uniformity for a large area uniform ICP plasma parameters. The antennae were composed of a rectangular inner and outer antenna. When the current direction along the antenna was opposite, plasma uniformity was improved in compare with the same current direction along the antenna. The optimized antenna can generate the uniform plasma within 2-3% uniformity in 300mm diameter and is called Super Flat Antenna (SFA).

도토리澱粉이 흰쥐의 脂質代謝에 미치는 影響

崔到点,金載營,高鎭福 新羅大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

In an attempt to observe the lipid metabolism of acorn starch, five different diets were made: one rice diet (control group) and four diets in which acorn starch was mixed with rice at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively. These five diets controlled in such ways are the same level in calorie and protein content. The acorn starch used was cleared from tannin by being heated 20 hours. These diets were each fed to different groups of male albino rats for 6 weeks, during which various items were measured on these rats such as total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and HDL-cholesterol contents. The results obtained through this study are summarized as follow: The content of total lipid in liver of each group was lower in the 2nd week, and that of 30% acorn starch group was lower in the 4th week, and that of 20% acorn starch group was lower in the 6th week, compared with control group. The content of total cholesterol in liver of each group except 10% acorn starch group was lower than that of the control group in the 2nd week, but in the 4th and the 6th week, there was no particular difference in content between each group and the control group. The centents of total lipid, triglyceride, phospholipid, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum are almost the same between each group and the control group during each period of feeding. Therefore acorn starch diets mixed with rice at the rate of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% had little effect on the serum lipid contents.

Robert Frost의 詩에 나타난 Dualism

崔永道 牧園大學校 1981 論文集 - 牧園大學校 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper, the writer tries to emphasize the characteristics of the metaphorical skep-thcism and dualism in the poetry of Frost. He writes about solid New England places and work. Unlike Emily Dickinson, he has no iterest in writing about the abstract in abstrast terms. He chiefly writes about nature and man concretely. Frost's special distin-ction as a poet rest in his skill in writing, in one poem, on several levels of meaning. In the first place, He was a Synecdochist who figures of speech in which we use a part for the whole. From early Poems to the last Poems, he ran through this attitude. In "After apple-picking", he stands for his memory of life, for his experience of death. His intellectual qualities are as apparent in his images, rhythms, and forms as in his dualistic contents. Indeed, Frost was not a pessimist but a skeptist. He reveals also skeptical view point of the world and human being only through metaphysical metaphors. This attitude is true of West-Running Brook which was hailed with loud enthusiasm. In this poem , he shows himself as a Bergsonian philosopher. West-Running Brook is a reflection and resta-tement of all that has gone before. He cannot suggest a character or a natural landscapes without informing the subject with his own philosophy, a philosophy whose flippant accents cannot hide a moral earne-stness. Beyond the fact, beyond the tone of his voice, the poet's main interst was unifying and ardent emotions which is Frost's peculiar qulity and his essential spirit.