사르트르의 연극관

장근상 한국 프랑스어문교육학회 1999 프랑스어문교육 Vol.7 No.-

On dit que le theatre de Sartre est le reflet ou la vulgarisation de sa philosophie - de la phenomenologie de la liberte et de l'existence a la dialectique de la praxis. Aussi son theatre parait-il une continuation, en quelques sortes, de la tradition du theatre bourgeois, en depit de la presence brechtienne dans son theatre. Les bourgeois etaient les seuls comme spectateurs de son theatre, alors qu'il a declare qu'il n'avait plus rien a dire aux bourgeois. C'est pour cette raison que son theatre, semble-t-il, representait mal le theatre francais de l'epoque, et ceci, a la difference de Paul Claudel, par exemple. On dirait que l'estimation de la sorte a longtemps empeche de naitre une etude generale sur son theatre. A propos de la forme de son theatre, le choix est fonction, en partie, de la situation historique que Sartre a vecue, en partie, de l'evolution de sa vision du monde : mythologie, actualite et Histoire jalonnent son theatre. Ses propres jugements sur ses oeuvres tantot justifient tantot desavouent ses choix en matiere de forme theatrale, et refletent le souffle de l'Histoire qui planait sur son epoque. Sans rappeler le rapport entre Brecht et Sartre, il convient de reconnaitre le souci de Sartre pour le theatre populaire. Au refus, manifeste dans la premiere etape de son theatre, des formes symboliques et de l'attitude "retrospective", semble apparemment contradictoire l'effort ulterieur de creer le mythe contemporain a travers, de vouveu, le myth grec, tel qu'on le voit, en particulier, dans l'intention de 'Sartre en 1961. En effet, ceci s'expliquerait, au contraire, par ses preoccupation en faveur d'un theatre populaire, d'une part, - eu egrad a son souci d'eviter ainsi l'ennui que la forme depouillee causerait au public - et, de l'autre, par le gout retrouve, a mesure que le temps s'ecoule, du genre mythologique et historique, ce qui ne trahirait pas d'ailleurs ses points de vue sur le theatre. Certes, on peut dire qu'il n'y a pas de constantes au niveau (du choix) des formes dans son theatre. Neanmoins, ceci ne renierait pas son penchant pour le theatre populaire, lequel, d'pres lui, ne reposerait pas exclusivement sur la forme, ni sur les idees concues, mais plutot sur les manieres de l'envisager. Il convient de reconnaitre san convicition sur le theatre populaire propre, lie constamment a la synthese de l'objectif et du subjectif. Mais Sartre a hesite entre deux choses : d'une part, un theatre bourgeois critique, avec une participation distanciee, et d'autre part, le reve d'un grand theatre populaire de masse, reve auquel Brecht s'est toujours oppose. Or ce reve ne s'est pas realise. Donc, "objectivement", Sartre peut etre juge somme toute comme partisan d'un "theatre bourgeois critique", Cependant, ce serait ignorer la subjectivite profonde de son theatre et laisser entendre que Sartre n'est pas a la hauteur d'un tel reve, ce qui serait trop s'aventurer.

대구직할시 교육공무원들의 구강보건실태 및 보철수요도 조사

장희송,송근배,조광헌 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1993 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.10 No.2

The author selected and surveyed 547 of volunteer school teachers in Taegu city to collect the basic data of their dental health and the needs for prosthetic demands. Among them 169 peoples were elementary school teachers, 237 peoples were middle school teachers and 141 peoples were educational service personnels. They had a detail oral examination and a 17-items of questionnaire. All collected data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and chi-square test in SPSS/PC^+ program. The results of these were summarized as follows; The DMFT rate was 85.1% and DMFT index was 4.82 in all subjects, but there was no significant difference among 3types of occupation in DMFT index(P>0.05). The simplified oral hygiene index was 0.76 in male and 0.33 in female subjects(P<0.05). Average toothbrushing frequency of all subjects in a daywas 2.24. There was statistical difference among 3types of occupation in a daily toothbrushing frequencies(X^2=13.21, p<0.05). Those who brushed for longer than 3 minutes were only 4.21%, and 7.5% of subjects used the rolling technic correctly. Subjects who had experienced toothache during last one year were 42.96% and 77.1% had treated their oral symptoms at dental clinics. The mean frequency of visiting the dental clinics of all subjects was 0.64 per year. The reasons for avoiding dental treatment were as follows; lack of time for treatment(33.10%), no need for treatment(27.55%), Troublesome to go to the dentist's(13.66%), fear(12.04%), and economic limitation(6.71%). The rate of experiencing dental prosthetics was 49.18%. Among them male(53.37%) was highter than female(41.36%). The mean score of having simple crown and crown & bridge was 1.31 per person and full denture was 0.07 per person. The need for prosthetic treatment, the crown & bridge was 0.33 per person and 0.03 per person of partial and full denture.

생애주기비용과 계층적분석과정 기반의 최적 교량대안 선정

장미숙,정근채 충북대학교 건설기술연구소 2004 建設技術論文集 Vol.23 No.1

The value of a structural system is dependent on the performance and the cost. To increase the value of a structural system, we should increase the performance and decrease the cost at the same time. When selecting an adequate alternative among various candidates, we should consider criteria both in performance and cost. In this paper, we propose an Analytic Hierarchy Process based methodology for selecting the optimal bridge alternative among various candidate bridges, which consider multiple evaluation criteria simultaneously. The proposed selection methodology can give the optimal alternative by using not only general qualitative criteria such as sociality, shape and constructibility, but also quantitative criteria such as life cycle cost, structural stability, usability, and environment. However, the proposed methodology is difficult to use manually since it requires much information and complex analysis models. To overcome the lack of practical usability, we also propose a framework for a decision support system which can help the decision maker by using information technology. We expect that the proposed selection method and the decision support system framework can be used as a useful tool for initial planning of structural systems, especially bridges.

법랑아세포성 섬유치아종

장현선,기근홍,김수관 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.6

Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma consists of ameloblastic fibroma combined with an odontoma. Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma affects somewhat younger patients than ameloblastic fibroma and 62% of patients are younger than 10 years. Clinical, radiologic, and histologic studies were performed in 9-year-old child of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. Location of the lesion was the upper molar area. Radiographically, the opaque odontomatous tissues was observed in a circumscribed, but otherwise radiolucent area. Histologically, typical ameloblastic fibro-odontoma was associated with the calcifying or calcified dental tissues of an odontoma. In this paper, a case of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma of the maxilla and a review of the literature is presented.

2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

사르트르의 사랑과 모험

장근상 한국프랑스어문교육학회 2001 프랑스어문교육 Vol.12 No.-

Peut-e^tre nai¨ve est-elle l'ide´e de raconter la vie, l'amour et la litte´rature de Sartre. Mais ne l'est pas cello de les retracer avec son usage de 《l'aventure》, parce que c'est tout un et autre. Tellement l'aventure est ambigue¨ comme notion chez lui. Il veut, notamment, l'interpre^ter avec les comportements du boxeur, cela en brouille tout le sens acquls auparavant, ou presque. Malgre´ cela, ses amours, ses aventures, de´nigre´es plus tard par lui-me^me, seraient le moteur, bien au contraire, de son e´criture et inversement. C'est a` quoi nous avons a` nous inte´resser. Au moyen des lettres a` Simone de Beauvoir et a` bien d'autres femmes, par excellence, il voulait vivre sa vie comme la litte´rature. Mais enfin il de´savoue l'aventure dans 『La Nause´e』, et avoue ses 《graves erreurs》 dans 『Les Mots』, ce qui sonne, pour nous, de la me^me fac¸on. En effet, il a interminablement courtise´ les femmes et voulu voir en elles une "soeur qui n'avait pas eu lieu". Mais la poursuite constitue elle-me^me a` nos yeux une dimension litte´raire, telle que Sartre lui-me^me voulait se donner. Et c'est le lot de l'aventure.. Cette notion litte´raire est lie´e a` la beaute´, a` la ne´cessite´, et l'unite´ du temps a` l'instal des re`gles au classicisme. L'amour et la permission que Sartre a eue de´but 1940, en sont bons exemples. On y voit le bout et le de´coulement temporels, de sorte que Sartre a voulu qu'ils soient pre´cieux tous les deux.

FAH-전지의 효율파라미터에 대한 광세기 및 온도특성

장지근,김장기,김민영 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1991 신소재 Vol.1 No.-

위성전원용 태양전지로 사용할 수 있는 새로운 구조의 FAH-전지로부터 효율파라미터 특성이 입사 광전력의 세기(I=20∼1000 mW/㎠)와 온도 (T=0∼140℃)에 따라 어떻게 변화되는가를 측정하고 이 결과를 분석하였다. 일정한 온도(T=30℃)에서 광세기가 증가할 때 FAH-전지의 개방전압(V_oc)은 20∼200 mW/㎠ 범위에서 v_oc=0.66+0.067·log(I/20) [V]로, 200∼600mW.㎠ 에서는 V-oc=0.727+0.04·log(I/200) [V]의 관계로 증가하는 특성을 나타내고 600 mW/㎠ 이상에서는 0.75 [V]로 포화되었다. 충실도(F·F)는 100mW/㎠ 이하에서 F·F=0.815∼0.0858·log(I/20)으로, 300 mW/㎠이상에서는 F·F=0.65∼0.5164·log(I/300)의 관계로, 광세기에 따라 감소하는 특성을 보였다. T=30℃일 경우 전지의 효유(EFF.)은 100mW/㎠이하의 광세기에서 거의 일정한 값으로 나타나고(EFF.≒EFF_*ref=EFF.|I=100 mW/㎠) 300mW/㎠ 이상의 광세기에서는 EFF.=Eff_*ref·[0.9-0.412·log(I/300)]로 효율이 급격히 저하되었다. 또한 일정한 광세기(I=100 mW/㎠)에서 단락전류(I_se는 온도가 증가함에 따라 단조증가하며 T<30℃에서 dI_se/dT=0.0006 mA/℃로 나타났다. 개방전압의 감소율은 전체 측정온도 범위(T=0∼140℃)에서 dV_oc/dT=-0.002 V/℃로 나타났으며, 충실도(F·F)는 T=0∼20℃, 20∼90℃, 90∼140℃의 각 영역에서 -0.275%/℃, -0.1357%/℃, -0.1 %/℃의 율로 감소하였다. 전지의 효율은 T=30℃의 갑(EFF. |T=30℃=EFF.ref)을 기준할 때 T<20℃에서 EFF.=EFF.ref·[1-0.0034·(T-30)]의 관계로 나타나고 그 이하의 온도에서는 효율이 1.05·EFF.ref의 값으로 포화되는 현상을 보였다. The effect of light intensity(I=20∼1000mW/㎠) and temperature(T=0∼140℃) on the efficiency parameters of a new FAH-solar cell is exeprimentally and theoretically investigated n this paper. Under the constant temperature(T=30℃), the increase of light intensity gives the open circuit voltage(V_oc) varing with the relation of 0.66+0.067·log(I/20) [V] and 0.727+0.04·log[I/200] [V] in each range of I=20∼200[mW/㎠] and I=200∼600[mW/㎠]. The open circuit voltage is, however, nearly saturated to 0.75[V] above 600[mW/㎠]. The fill factor is decreased with the relation of 0.815∼0.0858·log[I/20] below 10[mW/㎠ and 0.65-0.5164·log[I/300] above 300[mW/㎠]. The conversion efficiency(EFF.) shows the constant value of EFF-*ref=EFF.|_I=100mW/㎠ below 100[mW/㎠], but decreases with the relation of EFF.=EFF_*ref·(0.9-0.412·log[I/300]) above 300[mW/㎠]. Under the constant light intensity(i=100mW/㎠), the increase of temperature gives the short circuit current increasing with the rate of dI_sc/dT=0.0225[mA/℃] below 30[℃], and dI_sc/dT=0.006[mA/℃] in the range of 30∼140[℃]. The open circuit voltage is decreased with the rate of dV_oc/dT=-0.002[V/℃] The fill factor is decreased with the rate of -0.275[%/℃], -0.1357[%/℃], and -0.1[%/℃] in the ranges of 0∼20[℃], 20∼90[℃], and 90∼140[℃], respectively. The conversion efficiency is decreased with the relation of EFF.=EFF_*ref'·[1-0.0034·(T-30)] above 20[℃], and saturated to 1.05 EFF_*ref' below 20[℃].

고강도 콘크리트(80MPa이상)를 이용한 콘크리트충전강관구조 적용을 위한 기초물성 연구

이장환,강용학,정근호,김진호,정상진,최문식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

One of the most important reasons that CFT is used in many conditions is by using that we can achieve the effect, which reduce the section of the member. This research purpose to find the most ideal composition, which is achieved by the investigation in the concrete's property of matter like ability of Slump, Slump Flow, Air content, Bleeding, and Settlement when the high strength of concrete which is over 80MPa is used m the CFT column.

3차원 영상 재생을 위한 집적결상법에서 기본영상 획득 방법과 기본렌즈의 형태에 따른 기본영상의 특성 연구

서장일,강근호,서광범,차성도,신승호 강원대학교 정보통신연구소 2006 정보통신논문지 Vol.10 No.-

We have investigated the properties of an elemental image of singlet elemental lens for film and direct pick-up method, respectively. The optimized conditions, which are minimizing the distortions of the elemental image, of the elemental lens have been analyzed with the geometrical method and the comparison of the picked up images. As a result, it is down that the elemental image quality is strongly depend on not only the lens shape but also the pick-up method.

Echinostoma hortense를 실험 감염시킨 흰쥐 장상피에서 림프구 (IEL) 증감에 관한 연구

류장근,노병의,이지숙,양용석 THE KOREAN SOCIETY FOR BIOMEDICAL LABORATORY SCIEN 1999 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.5 No.1

저자들은 호르텐스극구흡충을 실험적으로 흰쥐(Sprague Dawley)에 감염시켰을 때 장상피내 램프구 (intraepithelial lymphocytes: IEL)의 증감여부를 관찰하였다. 즉, 피낭유충을 경구 감염시킨 다음 1주일부터 8주일까지 격주별로 소장점막에서 IEL의 수치, 융모/선와의 비 (villus/crypt ratio)등을 현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 감염 흰쥐는 격주별로 희생시켰으며 소장의 십이장과 공장부위의 조직을 획득하여 조직절편을 제작하였고, Hematoxylin-eosin 및 Giemsa 염색을 실시한 후 IEL 수, 위치의 변동을 현미경적으로 관찰하였다. 융모 위축과 선와 증식, V/C ratio의 감소를 특징으로 하는 장병변은 감염 1주일 경과한 소장에서 가장 심하였으며 이 병변은 8주일까지 계속되고 있었다. IEL은 감염 1주일에 급속하게 감소하였다가 서서히 증가하다가 8주일 때에는 다소 감소하는 결과를 보였다. 대조군에서 IEL은 대부분 장상피층의 기저부에 위치하였으나, 감염 초기에는 많은 IEL이 장상피세포의 핵주변부와 상층부에 분포하는 것이 특이하였다. 이와 같이 호르텐스극구흡충 감염시 나타나는 IEL 수 및 위치의 변동은 장병변의 진행과정과 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. The relationship between the intestinal histopathology and number and position of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) was observed chronologically in the small intestine of rats experimentally infected with Echinostoma hortense. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally infected with 200 metacercariae obtained from Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. The rats each were sacrificed on the week 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 post-infection (PI) and samples of the intestine in the part of duodenum and jejunum were taken. The samples were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa. The intestinal histopathology was the severest after the week 1 PI and characterized by villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia and decrease of villus/crypt(v/c) ratio, which continued until the week 8 PI. The number of IEL dramatically decreased during the week 1 PI, but increased gradually thereafter with a slight decrease on the week 8 PI. In control rats, the great majority of the IEL were located at the basal region of the epithelium. During the early stage of infection, however, we found a considerable proportion of IEL to moved to the intermediate or apical regions of the epithelium. From the above results, it is sugested that the change of IEL number and position during the course of E. hortense infection should be closely related to the progression and recovery of the intestinal histopathology.