대학급식의 미생물적 품질보증을 위한 HACCP의 적용 : 참치샐러드 Tuna Salad

김운주,최은희,최현미,배주희,채현숙 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality, and to assure the safety of the food production process in the university foodservice facilities in accordance with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) concepts. The kitchen layout and time-temperature relationship, miciobiological quality(total plate count, coliform) were assessed to identify the critical point during each of the production phases. The results were as follows: 1) The kitchen layout had to be improved because contamination area was not separated from non-contamination area, and work table was in contact with washing sink. 2) Some employee did not follow personal hygiene standards(hand washing), and did not wear proper working uniforms(hair restraints). 3) The production time of tuna salad was 120 min, and environment temperature was 20.1~26.0℃. Improper receiving temperature, inproper holding practices(without cover at room temperature) were observed. 4) In the purchasing phase of the raw materials, the microbiological quality of green pepper was not at acceptable level based on the TPC(2.3×10^6CFU/g)and coliform(>14,000 MPN/g). During washing phase TPC was decreased about 3 log cycle. After cutting and holding phase the level of TPC and coliform were increased rapidly. At serving phase the microbiological quality of tuna salad were not at acceptable level(TPC 3.3×10^6 CFU/g, coliform 11,000 MPN/g) according to the standard set(TPC <10^5 CFU/g, coliform <100 MPN/g) by Sorberg et al. 5) For tuna salad, critical control points were purchasing and receiving of fresh vegetables, washing, cutting, holding, mixing and serving phase.

흰쥐에서 가시오가피 발효물의 단회 및 반복투여 독성평가

조주현(Ju-Hyun Cho),박인재(In-Jae Park),백순옥(Soon-Ok Baik),최수영(Soo-Young Choi),최구희(Goo-Hee Choi) 한국식품과학회 2014 한국식품과학회지 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구에서는 사용된 가시오가피 영지버섯 발효물과 가시오가피 상황버섯 발효물에 대한 열수추출물을 최고 2 g/kg의 농도로 단회 투여한 SD-rats에 체중 변화, 임상증상 등에서 어떠한 독성도 관찰할 수 없었으며, 1 g/kg 이하의 농도로 4주간 반복 투여한 SD-rats에서도 체중변화, 임상증상, 장기 무게, 혈액학적 성상, 혈액생화학적 성상 등에서 어떠한 독성과 비정상적인 소견을 관찰할 수 없었다. 따라서, 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 가시오가피 영지버섯 발효물 열수추출물(FM-5111)과 가시오가피 상황버섯 발효물 열수추출물(FM-5131)은 본 연구에서 사용한 농도 내에서의 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다. 황 함유 아미노산의 결핍은 여러 가지 간질환 등의 증상을 야기한다(27). 또한, Choi와 Ahn(28)은 오가피 부위별 50% (v/v) 메탄올 추출액의 전자공여능은 줄기 추출물에서 90.21%, 뿌리 추출물에서 85.71%로 높은 활성을 보고하여 오가피의 항산화능을 규명하였다. 따라서, 본 연구에 사용된 시료 또한 항산화능과 같은 기능성을 가질것으로 사료되며, 추가 연구로 아미노산 분석을 통해 황 함유 아미노산의 함량 변화를 분석하고 간 기능 개선 효능을 평가하여 안전성이 확보된 기능성 식품소재 개발 연구를 진행할 계획이다. In this study, the products of Acanthopanax senticosus fermentation were derived from the mycelia of 2 mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus linteus, to determine their safety in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were orally administered the water extracts of A. senticosus fermentation products with G. lucidum (FM-5111) or P. linteus (FM-5131) at dose levels of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 g/kg for the single-dose toxicity test and 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg for the repeated-dose toxicity test. There were no significant differences in body weight gain, feed intake, or water consumption between control and FM-5111- or FM-5131-treated rats. Hematological and blood biochemistry analysis revealed that none of the investigated parameters were affected by the A. senticosus fermentation products, and no remarkable lesions were observed upon histopathological analysis. We conclude that the A. senticosus fermentation products obtained from mushroom mycelia are safe for long-term administration and could be considered as multi-functional nutrients for the improvement of liver function and immunity.

Development of a Reduction Algorithm of GEO Satellite Optical Observation Data for Optical Wide Field Patrol (OWL)

Sun-youp Park,Jin Choi1,Jung Hyun Jo,Ju Young Son,Yung-Sik Park,Hong-Suh Yim,Hong-Suh Yim,Hong-Kyu Moon,Young-Ho Bae,Jang-Hyun Park 한국우주과학회 2015 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.32 No.3

An algorithm to automatically extract coordinate and time information from optical observation data of geostationary orbit satellites (GEO satellites) or geosynchronous orbit satellites (GOS satellites) is developed. The optical wide-field patrol system is capable of automatic observation using a pre-arranged schedule. Therefore, if this type of automatic analysis algorithm is available, daily unmanned monitoring of GEO satellites can be possible. For data acquisition for development, the COMS1 satellite was observed with 1-s exposure time and 1-m interval. The images were grouped and processed in terms of “action”, and each action was composed of six or nine successive images. First, a reference image with the best quality in one action was selected. Next, the rest of the images in the action were geometrically transformed to fit in the horizontal coordinate system (expressed in azimuthal angle and elevation) of the reference image. Then, these images were median-combined to retain only the possible non-moving GEO candidates. By reverting the coordinate transformation of the positions of these GEO satellite candidates, the final coordinates could be calculated.

주거지역에 따른 남·여 중학생의 체격 및 체력 발달추이

최현주,오수일 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 2004 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.27

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information to physical educators. at fields by investigating developmental change at physique and physical fitness of male/female middle school from 1st grade to 3rd grade students from 4 type of residential areas at Gangwondo (urban/rural/sea/mine area), and by confirming the reasons of change through analysis of BMI tendency. The subject was selected as appointing each 100 persons of male/female middle school 3rd students randomly from 4 areas, and performed analysis about the developmental difference according to subject's residential area and the increase ratio according to grades based on data from health record, then also examined BMI. Average/standard deviation of male/female physique & physiacal fitness was calculated respectively as well as in creased amount with collected data, and two-way ANOVA analysis was performed to compare physique and physical fitness. one-way ANOVA analysis was also performed to examine difference per residential area according to grades in case a correlation was observed between grades and residential area. The conclusions is as follows; 1. In the matter of male students, height , weight, chest, sitting height and fatness at urban area showed the highest value, and weight of rural area, height of sea area, chest of mine area showed lower value respectively. Amount of annual increase of height and weight was observed significantly from 1st grade to 2nd grade than from 2nd grade to 3rd grade, and male students of urban area showed highest value among overall school years. Chest of rural area showed the highest increase degree from 2nd grade to 3rd grade th from 1st grade to 2nd grade while no significance was onserved among school years at sitting height except slight decrease tendency as promotion to higher school year. Fatness in urban area showed the highest value for all school years with many cases of over-weight among 4 areas that indicates fatness is arising according to increase of weight and height. 2. In the matter of female students, no significance was observed at heigh, weight, chest according to their residential area, and amount of increase of weight and sitting height even decreased as promotion while mine area showed the highest degree of increase. No significant different was also found at fatness according to residential areas while 1st grad at sea are, 2nd grade at mine area and 3rd grade at urban/mine area showed higher frequency at over-weight case. 3. In the matter of male students, much higher record of 50m sprint was observed at rural/mine area, and the record of mine area increased most significantly as promotion. Overall tendency of increase was found as promotion at total area, and annual development decreased as being 2nd grade except urban area in which high improvement was observed. Similar feature was found at sit-up and urban area showed higher improvemendt of 2nd grade and 3rd grad. Mine area showed high record of standing long jump at 1st grade and 2ne grade while rural area shoued the highest impromement from 1st grade to 3rd grade. 1st grade of urban area, 2nd grade of rural area and 3rd grade of mine area showed high record at sit-stretching, and the highest improvement was observed at mine area from 1st grade to 3rd grad. Continuous improvement was found at running/walking long according promotion as 1st grade/3rd grade at sea area and senior at mine area showed the highest record respectively. 4. In the matter of female students, there was no significance at 50m sprint according to residential area as well as at degree of improvement by promotion. 1st grade of urban area, 2nd grade of sea area and 3rd grade of mine area showed the greatest record at 50m sprint. Hang-down record of rural area and sit-up record of urban area showed the highest one among whole school years respectively. The highest improvement degree from 1st grade to 3rd grade at standing long jump was found at ural/mine area. General improvement as promotion at sit-stretfhing was record at running /walking long while 3rd grade of rural area showed high one. It was observed that the record is decreasing according to promotion.

Polygonatum odoratum이 당뇨병 쥐의 체내 생리활성에 미치는 영향

최현주 인제대학교 2004 仁濟論叢 Vol.19 No.1

당뇨병(Diabetes mellitus)은 고혈압, 동맥경화증, 당뇨병 망막증, 신증, 말초 신경증, 고지혈증 등의 합병증을 일으키는 만성 대사성 질환으로 알려져 있으며, 현재 국내외에서 천연식물을 이용한 항당뇨병 소재의 개발에 관심이 모아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 차식품으로 이용되어온 둥글레(Polygonatum odoratum)의 항당뇨병성 효과를 평가하기 위하여 혈당과 지질대사물 수준 및 간에서의 항산화 방어계에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다 당뇨병 흰쥐를 대상으로 하여 15일 동안 둥글레(Polygonatum odoratum) 식이를 투여하였으며, 식이군은 control basal diet group(CONT군)과 Polygonatum odoratum 10% diet group(PO10군), Polygonatum odoratum 20% diet group(PO20군)의 세 군으로 하였다. 실험 마지막 날의 체중은 CONT군에 비하여 PO10군, PO20군의 모든 실험군에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 간장 무게가 CONT군에 비해 모든 실험군에서 유의적으로 낮았으나 정상쥐의 간장 무게와 비교하여 볼 때에는 유사한 정도였다. 신장 무게는 CONT군에 비해 PO10군과 PO20군에서 유의적으로 낮았으나 이러한 수치는 정상쥐의 간장과 신장 무게 범위에 속하였다. 모든 실험군의 췌장 무게는 CONT군과 유사하였다. 실험 마지막 날, 혈당 수준은 CONT군과 비교하여 PO10군과 PO20군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였으며, 실험 마지막 날의 혈청 중성지방의 농도의 변화는 CONT군과 비교하여 PO20군에서 유의적으로 감소하였고, 총콜레스테롤 농도는 CONT군에 비해 PO10군과 PO20군에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 그러나, HDL-콜레스테롤 농도는 CONT군에 비해 PO20군에서 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. AST와 ALT 활성은 PO10군과 PO20군에서 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 한편, 간 조직의 catalase 활성은 CONT군에 비해 PO10군과 PO20군에서 유의적인 증가를 보였으며, glutathione reductase 활성은 CONT군에 비해 PO20군에서 유의적인 증가를 보였다. 그러나, glutathione peroxidase 활성은 COHT군과 비교해서 모든 실험군에서 유의적인 차가 없었다. 본 연구 결과를 볼 때에, 혈당 강하효능이 있는 둥글레가 당뇨병에 있어서 항산화효소로서는 간 조직의 catalase와 glutathione reductase 활성 증가에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나서, 혈당 이외에 당뇨병에서 문제가 되고 있는 항산화계와 관련되어 건강소재로서의 활용 가능성이 있다고 사료된다. Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disease resulting from insulin secretion or action, is associated with several complications related to the abnormal antioxidative system. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum on biological activities in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male adult Srague-Dawley rats were induced diabetes mellitus by the STZ injection(45mg/kg body weight) into e intraperitoneum and divided into three diet groups; control basal diet group(CONT), Polygonatum odoratum 10% diet group(PO10), and Polygonatum odoratum 20% diet group(PO20). All diets contained same caloroes containing 60% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 20% fat by kcal. Fasting blood samples were collected at the first day for the intial values and at the 15th day after feeding for the final values, s-aspartic aminotransferase(AST), and s-alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activitites were measured. Catalase, glutathione reductase(GSR), and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-px) were also measured in the liver of the diabeteic rats. The final levels of s-glucose in the PO10 and PO20 groups were significantly lower than those in control group. The final levels of s-triglycantly in the PO20 group and s-total cholesterol in the PO10 and PO20 group were significantly lower than those in the control group. However, the final lovels s-HDL-cholesterol were not different among all groups. The s-AST and s-ALT activitites in the PO10 and PO20 groups decreased significantly than in the control group. Hepatic catalase activities in the PO10 and PO20 groups increased significantly than in the control group. Hepatic GSR activity in the PO20 group was significantly greater than that in the control group. However, there was no significant difference in the GSH-px activity among groups. It is concluded that orally administered Polygonatum odoratum has hypolipidemic and antioxidative effect in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.

대학교 대형강의실의 조명조건별 조명환경평가

최윤정,이상운,조현주 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2003 생활과학연구논총 Vol.7 No.1

The purposes of this study are to evaluate the lighting environment of a university assembly hall and to make clear the problems of conditions of lighting operation. The field measurement on the illumination level and the questionnaire survey on subject response of the lighting environment with students were carried out at an assembly hall in C university, Cheongju. These survey were taken on 4th and 9th of December, 2002. The illumination levels of the assembly hall in the condition A (157∼403 lux) were lower than standard (400lux). The illumination levels of the condition B (16∼372 lux) and condition C (0∼1 lux) were poor. The illumination levels of the condition D (231∼510 lux) were somewhat lower than standard. It was found that the present condition of the lighting environment of the university assembly hall is inappropriate illumination level and uniformity for lecture.

광중합 복합레진의 색상과 깊이에 따른 중합도의 비교

최경호,이주현,박호원 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.2

치과용 수복재료가 요구하는 심미성과 치아의 보존 및 편의성 등의 여러 조건들을 만족시키기 위해서 치과용 복합레진은 적절한 중합이 이루어져 물리적 기계적 성질을 충족하고, 색조의 안전성, 중합시의 수축과 이에 따른 변연 적합도 문제를 해결할 수 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 광중합 복합레진 Z250의 색상과 두께를 달리 하여 광투과도와 중합도를 각각 적외선 분광분석법과 미세경도 측정을 통해 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 플라즈만 아크 중합기의 사용 시 3초 중합과 6초 중합의 경우로 나누어 실험하였으며 6초 중합에 있어서 할로겐 중합 20초와 유사한 광투과도 및 미세경도를 나타내었다. 2. 광중합 복합레진의 색상을 A1, A2, A3, A3.5로 나누어 실험한 결과 레진의 표면에서는 색상별로 광투과도나 경도의 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 2, 3, 4㎜로 깊이가 증가함에 따라 색상에 따른 광투과도나 경도의 차이가 확연하게 나타났고 특히 색상이 어두워질수록 4㎜의 깊이에서 중합도가 더욱 낮았다. 3. 중합깊이의 비교를 위하여 0, 2, 3, 4㎜ 깊이로 나누어 실험한 결과, 2㎜이상의 깊이에 있어서는 미반응 단량체의 양이 유의하게 많은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 광중합 복합레진의 광투과도를 알아보는 FTIR을 통한 단량체 전환도와 미세경도 측정경도 측정사이에는 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. Adequate polymerization is a crucial factor in obtaining optimal physical properties and clinical performance of resin composite restorative materials. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of shade and depth on dental composite resin polymerized with plasma arc curing unit employing FTIR and microhardness. From this experiment, the following results were obtained : 1. The light transmission and microhardness by mode 6 in plasma arc curing were similar to by 20 sees in halogen light curing. 2. The experimental groups of A1, A2, A3, A3.5 were not significant difference to light transmission and microhardness on surface and 2mm depth, but were significant difference on 3mm and 4mm depth. Especially light, transmission and microhardness were small in darker shade and deeper thickness 3. Compared with depth cure, uncured monomer amount increased at more than 2mm depth. 4. The light transmission by FTIR and polymerization by microhardness were significant corelation.

여중생의 식생활 습관과 운동습관이 B.M.I에 미치는 영향

최종인,함주현 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.6

In order to analyze the effects of eating and exercising habits on B.M.I of middle school girls. a survey was conducted to 57a middle school girls in Chungnam provincial area. For the survey, the multiple regression analysis was used to determine B.M.I with eating and exercising habits assumed as independent variables. First, it was revealed from the analysis that sleeping hours, among Factors of living habits. have influence on BMI. Second, such habits of diet as eating speed and quantity are found to exert influence on BMI. Third, attitude and intensity of participation in exercise turn out to affect BMI as exercising factors. From the above results, it was made clear that the sleeping hours. eating speed and quantity and attitude and intensity of participation in exercise have influence on BMI of middle school girls who are at the growing stage. It is therefore advised to intensify the education for middle school girls in the most serious phase of physical growth to draw attention to the importance of proper eating and exercising habits for their care of health and harmonious development and growth. For this purpose. diverse ways of research should also be mobilized to access to better source of information in this regard.

DCT를 이용한 영상의 윤곽선 추출을 위한 양자화 테이블 비교분석

최현주,성병우,최흥국,서재현 인제대학교기초과학연구소 1998 자연과학 Vol.2 No.-

본 논문에서는 DCT(discrete consine transform)를 이용하여 영상 데이터를 공간 영역에서 주파수 영역으로 변환하여 주파수 영역별로 분해한 뒤, 윤곽선 추출과 압축을 동시에 하기 위한 여러 양자화 테이블을 적용하고, IDCT(Inverse DCT)를 이용하여 복원한 결과를 비교 분석함으로써, 보다 정확한 윤곽선을 가진 영상을 추출할 수 있는 양자화 테이블을 구했다. 이 양자화 테이블을 DCT 처리된 영상에 적용했을 때 윤곽선과 압축 효과를 가진 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. In this paper, we transform image data from spatial domain to frequency domain using DCT, decompose it into each frequency band. We apply various quantization table for edge detection and compression simultaneously. We researched a quantization table for extracting image with exact edge, as compare and analyze restored images using IDCT. When we applied this quantization table to the DCT transformed image, acquired the image with edge and compression effect.

하악에 발생된 결체조직성 섬유종

최갑식,박영희,최현주 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1999 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.29 No.1

Desmoplastic fibroma is a rare, benign intraosseous fibroblastic tumor, which is locally aggressive. It is osseous counterpart of soft tissue fibromatosis. The authors experienced the patient who complained persistent mouth opening limitation with mild swelling on the left mandibular angle area. After careful analysis of clinical, radiological and histopathological findings, we diagnosed as desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible. The results were as follows: 1. Main clinical symptoms were mouth opening limitation which had been persistent for 9 months and mild swelling on the left mandibular angle area. 2. Radiographs showed the radiolucent lesion and expansion of lingual cortex. CT finding is homogeneous soft tissue mass with expansion of left mandibular ramus. Destruction of medial wall of ramus and invasion to adjacent soft tissue is also seen. 3. Histopathologically, plump spindle shaped fibroblasts arranged in bundles or fascicles are observed. The cells of tumor are infiltrating into muscle fiber with destruction of bony trabeculae and merged with surrounding salivary gland.(J Korean Oral Maxillofac Radiol 1999:29:355-363)