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      • 파노라마방사선사진상의 이공에 관한 연구

        최갑식,배용철,김동윤,손정익 경북대학교 의학연구소 1999 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.3 No.1

        The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position and shape of mental foramen in panoramic radiographs. For this study, panoramic radiographs were obtained from the 200 adults and evaluated the position and shape of mental foramen. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, the author also obtained panoramic radiographs from the 100 adults and then evaluated the positional and shape changes of mental foramen. The following results were obtained: 1. Shapes of metal foramen were observed elliptical(43.3%), round or oval(42.5%), unidentified(7.5%) and diffuse (6.7%) type in descending order of frequency. 2. Horizontal position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the 2nd premolar area(54.2%), and area between the 1st premolar and 2nd primolar(43.1%), area between the 2nd premolar and 1st molar(2.7%) in descending order of frequency. 3. Vertical position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the inferior of apex(88.2%), and at apex (9.7%), overlap with apex(1.9%), superior of apex(0.2%) in descending order of frequency. 4. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, shape changes of mental foramen were more obviously observed at the forward 10mm and chin down 10。 positioned panoramic radiographs. And changes of horizontal and vertical position were observed in similar to compared with normal positioned panoramic radiographs.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        치아형태 이상에 관한 방사선학적 연구

        최갑식 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1994 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.24 No.1

        The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and distribution according to the types of tooth shape anomalies in permanent teeth of 6,082 persons by means of analysis of the full mouth periapical radiographs. And the following results were obtained; 1. Among tooth shape anomalies, the highest incidence was observed on dilaceration (20.14%), followed by dens invaginatus(3.02%), peg lateralis(1.48%), taurodontism(0.34%), dens evaginatus(0.33%), talon cusp(0.20%), fusion(0.07%) and gemination(0%) in descending order of frequency. 2. Peg lateralis, dens invaginatus and dilaceration occurred more prevalent in females, and other types of tooth shape anomalies occurred more prevalent in males. 3. Dens evaginatus and taurodontism occurred with bilateral tendency, but other anomalies occured with unilateral tendency. 4. As to the involved teeth, maxillary lateral incisors were the most frequently involved teeth on peg leateralis, dens invaginatus and talon cusp. And the mandibular premolars were the most frequently involved teeth on dens evaginatus, the maxillary first molars were on taurodontism, the maxillary second premolars were on dilaceration, and the mandibular incisors and canines were on fusion.

      • 韓國 所得分配의 實態와 政策

        崔甲植 건국대학교 부설 중원인문연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

        Korean economy ranked recently the level of upper medium developed country with per capita national income of more than $2,000 due to the success of the last 25 years economic development plan. However, high level of economic growth deepened inequality of personal or size income distribution as a result of inflational economic policy. But the stabilizational economic policy has been succeeded since 1980 to maintain high economic growth keeping low price indexes and low rate of unemployment. Since Korean economic policies yields undesirable results such as inequality of regional or size income distribution and income gap between capitalists and laborers due to various types of government support and preferential treatment on the special industries, classes and regions, this study intends to analize the realities and policies of income distribution as follows. 1. Theoretical studies on the income distribution were carried out by examining the income distribution theory of A. Smith and D. Ricard, representatives of classical school and of post Keynesians in viewpoint of functional distribution theory and personal of size distribution theory. The former is mainly a wage theory among the income distribution for production factors, and the latter a theory that indicates inequality of income distribution by measuring factors, and the latter a theory that indicates inequality of income distribution by measuring degree of income distribution per household. But income distribution theory has not been dearly established yet, because it depends largely on the variation of human life and thought. 2. Realities of income distribution in Korea are not easy to analize in practice because of lacks of statistical data and moderate analytical method. This study investigated mainly the analized results of domestic and foreign scholars and published economic statistical data in Korea. Functional income distribution shows that labor wage is low and less than half of labor productivity, while personal or size income distribution is similar to those in developed countries showing equal distribution. But credibility of the above result is low because of th following reasons. ⅰ) inadequate selection of subject of investigation for analysis. ⅱ) restriction of supplement of economic statistical data and use of them. ⅲ) methodological difficulties in the measurement of income inequality. ⅳ) unfamiliar foreign scholar study results with Korean economic. 3. Government prime object has been an economic hrowth, and has almost no room to pay attention to income distribution policy. Concepts between growth and distribution or ability and equality have generally trade-off relation. Howeverm government has made continuous effort on the functional income distribution policy since 1980 to solve the problems of low labor wage and wage gaps between industries, school careers and occupations by ⅰ) increasing distribution rate of labor through reinforcement of joint labor-management conference system, and ⅱ) strengthening labor guide system over medium-small industries. Tax benefit and financial support are executed as a part of personal or size income distribution policy for the purposes of income redistribution and equalization of property formation for low income labors. Particulary, government aims at economically advanced country and promotion of national prosperity in 1987, and is emphasizing it's policy on the improvement of living standards, particulary residental environment of low income class by improving wage structure and minimum wage and social security systems.

      • SCOPUSKCI등재

        파노라마방사선사진상의 이공에 관한 연구

        최갑식,배용철,김동윤,손정익,CHOI Karp-Shik,BAE Yong-Chul,KIM Dong-Youn,SOHN Jeong-Ick 대한영상치의학회 1997 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.27 No.1

        22세에서 25세의 남녀 각각 100명씩 200명을 대상으로 표준 위치에서 촬영된 파노라마 방사선사진상에서 이공의 정상적 형태 및 위치를 분석하고, 다시 남녀 각각 50명씩 100명을 선별하여 두부를 10mm 전방 이동, 10mm 후방 이동, 10° 하방 이동, 그리고 10° 상방 이동시킨 후 촬영된 각각의 파노라마 방사선사진상에서 피사체의 위치 변화에 따른 이공의 형태 및 수평, 수직적 위치의 변화를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 이 공의 형 태 는 elliptic질형 (43.3%), round 또는 oval형 (42.5%), unidentified형 (7.5%), diffuse형(6.7%)의 순으로 관찰되었다. 2. 이공이 치아에 대한 수평적 위치는 제2소구치 부위(54.2%)와 제1소구치와 제2소구치 사이 (43.1%)에서 대부분 관찰되었으며, 제2소구치와 제1대구치 사이(2.7%)의 순으로 관찰되었고, 제1소구치 부위, 견치와 제1소구치 사이, 제1대구치 부위에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 3. 이공의 수직적 위치는 치근단 하방(88.2%)에서 대부분 관찰되었으며, 치근단에 접하는 경우(9.7%), 치근단과 겹쳐 나타난 경우(1.9%), 치근단에 비해 상방에 위치하는 경우(0.2%)의 순으로 관찰되었다. 4. 피사체 두부 위치의 변화에 따른 이공의 형태 변화는 표준 위치에서 나타난 결과와 비교해 볼 때 표준 위치에서 두부를 10mm전방 이동시킨 위치에서 unidentified형(9.0%)이 증가하였고, 두부를 10mm 후방 이동시 킨 위치와 피사체의 턱을 10° 상방 이동시킨 위치에서는round 또는 oval형(57.5%, 52.5%)이 각각 증가하였으며, 피사체의 턱을 10° 하방 이동시킨 위치에서는 diffuse형(3.5%)이 감소한 것 외에는 표준 위치에서 나타난 결과와 유사하였다. 5. 피사체 두부 위치의 변화에 따른 이공의 수평적 위치의 변화는 표준 위치에서 두부를 10mm 전방 이동시킨 위치에서 제1소구치와 제2소구치 사이에 위치한 경우(35.2%)가 감소한 반면 제2소구치와 제1대구치 사이에 위치한 경우(8.8%)는 더 많이 관찰되었으며, 두부를 10mm후방 이동시킨 위치와 피사체의 턱을 10° 상방 이동시킨 위치에서는 제2소구치와 제1대구치 사이에 위치한 경우(6.1%, 7.5%)가 더 많이 관찰되었으며, 피사체의 턱을 10° 하방 이동시킨 위치에서는 표준 위치에서 나타난 결과와 유사하였다. 6. 피사체 두부 위치의 변화에 따른 이공의 수직적 위치 변화는 치근단에 비해 하방에 위치한 경우가 약 90%로 대부분이었으며, 치근단에 접하는 경우, 치근단과 겹쳐 나타난 경우의 순으로 관찰되었으며, 치근단에 비해 상방에 위치하는 경우는 관찰되지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the position and shape of mental foramen in panoramic radiographs. For this study, panoramic radiographs were obtained from the 200 adults and evaluated the position and shape of mental foramen. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, the author also obtained panoramic radiographs from the 100 adults and then evaluated the positional and shape changes of mental foramen. The following results were obtained: 1. Shapes of mental foramen were observed elliptical(43.3%), round or oval(42.5%), unidentified(7.5%) and diffuse (6.7%) type in descending order of frequency. 2. Horiwntal position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the 2nd premolar area(54.2%), and area between the 1st premolar and 2nd premolar(43.1%), area between the 2nd premolar and 1st molar(2.7%) in descending order of frequency. 3. Vertical position of mental foramen were most frequently observed at the inferior of apex(88.2%), and at apex (9.7%), overlap with apex(1.9%), superior of apex(0.2%) in descending order of frequency. 4. According to various positional changes in panoramic radiographs of the patients, shape changes of mental foramen were more obviously observed at the forward 10mm and chin down 100 positioned panoramic radiographs. And changes of horiwntal and vertical position were observed in similar to compared with normal positioned panoramic radiographs.

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