강우시 불포화 토사사면의 간극수압 변화 특성

심태섭,김선학,신태욱,이광모 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2004 建設技術硏究 Vol.24 No.2

This study manufactured model slope in soil. When it is rainfall. It experimented weathered granite soil to be distributed in korea mostly as dividing into two soil sample SP, SM, Moreover, inclination of slope(1:1~1:2) and rainfall strength (50~150mm/hr) divided into five step and it observed seepage behavior of slope according to inclination of slope and rainfall strength. It has manufactured six pore water pressure cells in the lower end of model soil box for measuring pore water pressure to be most important factor of slope failure and analyzed change of pore water pressure according to location of slope when rainfall is continued. Change of saturation depth according to experiment condition is measured through the whole soil box by eyes. In result, in case of being in different rainfall strength in sample inclination. The higher rainfall strength rises, The faster seepage of rain progresses. If angle become gentle from 1:1 to 1:2, The seepage velocity increase, too. If compared theoretical number to calculate by ◁수식 삽입▷ (원문을 참조하세요), that Lumb propose with seepage depth to be measured through indoor model test. As a result, Seepage velocity to measure actually is faster than seepage velocity by formula for Lumb to propose If angle become steep, If shows a tendency for pore water pressure to increase in slope angle from 1:22 to 1:1.5. But in angle from 1:1.5 to 1:1, If angle become steep, It shows a tendency for pore water pressure to decrease gradually as standardizing slope angle 1:1.5, According to rainfall strength increases from 50mm/hr to 150mm/hr. Pore water pressure increases in proportion to rainfall strength.es with the much increase of the pore water pressure.

Online Registry for Nationwide Database of Current Trend of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Eradication in Korea: Interim Analysis

Kim, Beom Jin,Kim, Hyun-Soo,Song, Hyun Joo,Chung, Il-Kwun,Kim, Gwang Ha,Kim, Byung-Wook,Shim, Ki-Nam,Jeon, Seong Woo,Jung, Yun Jin,Yang, Chang-Hun,Kim, Ji Hyun,Kim, Tae Ho,Kim, Sang Gyun,Shin, Woon Ge The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2016 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.31 No.8

<P>Eradication of <I>Helicobacter pylori</I> using first-line therapy is becoming less effective. Subjects who had been treated for <I>H. pylori</I> infection were prospectively enrolled through an on-line database registry from October 2010 to December 2012. Demographic data, detection methods, treatment indication, regimens, durations, compliance, adverse events, and eradication results for <I>H. pylori</I> infection were collected. Data of 3,700 patients from 34 hospitals were analyzed. The overall eradication rate of the first-line therapy was 73.0%. Eradication failure was significantly associated with old age, concomitant medication, and comorbidity. Regional differences in eradication rates were observed. The most common first-line therapy was proton pump inhibitor-based triple therapy (standard triple therapy, STT) for 7 days (86.8%). The eradication rates varied with regimens, being 73% in STT, 81.8% in bismuth-based quadruple therapy, 100% in sequential therapy, and 90.3% in concomitant therapy. The eradication rate in treatment-naïve patients was higher than that in patients previously treated for <I>H. pylori</I> infection (73.8% vs. 58.5%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). The overall eradication rate for second-line therapy was 84.3%. There was no statistical difference in eradication rates among various regimens. <I>H. pylori</I> eradication rate using STT is decreasing in Korea and has become sub-optimal, suggesting the need for alternative regimens to improve the efficacy of first-line therapy for <I>H. pylori</I> infection.</P>

Novel Conductive Filament Metal-Interlayer-Semiconductor Contact Structure for Ultralow Contact Resistance Achievement

Kim, Seung-Hwan,Kim, Gwang-Sik,Park, June,Lee, Changmin,Kim, Hyoungsub,Kim, Jiyoung,Shim, Joon Hyung,Yu, Hyun-Yong American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.31

<P>In the post-Moore era, it is well-known that contact resistance has been a critical issue in determining the performance of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) reaching physical limits. Conventional Ohmic contact techniques, however, have hindered rather than helped the development of CMOS technology reaching its limits of scaling. Here, a novel conductive filament metal-interlayer-semiconductor (CF-MIS) contact-which achieves ultralow contact resistance by generating CFs and lowering Schottky barrier height (SBH)-is investigated for potential applications in various nanodevices in lieu of conventional Ohmic contacts. This universal and innovative technique, CF-MIS contact, forming the CFs to provide a quantity of electron paths as well as tuning SBH of semiconductor is first introduced. The proposed CF-MIS contact achieves ultralow specific contact resistivity, exhibiting up to ∼×700 000 reduction compared to that of the conventional metal-semiconductor contact. This study proves the viability of CF-MIS contacts for future Ohmic contact schemes and that they can easily be extended to mainstream electronic nanodevices that suffer from significant contact resistance problems.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Fermi-Level Unpinning Technique with Excellent Thermal Stability for n-Type Germanium

Kim, Gwang-Sik,Kim, Seung-Hwan,Lee, Tae In,Cho, Byung Jin,Choi, Changhwan,Shin, Changhwan,Shim, Joon Hyung,Kim, Jiyoung,Yu, Hyun-Yong American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.41

<P>A metal interlayer semiconductor (M I S) structure with excellent thermal stability and electrical performance for a nonalloyed contact scheme is developed, and considerations for designing thermally stable M I S structure are demonstrated on the basis of n-type germanium (Ge). A thermal annealing process makes M-I-S structures lose their Fermi-level unpinning and electron Schottky barrier height reduction effect in two mechanisms: (1) oxygen (O) diffusion from the interlayer to the contact metal due to high reactivity of a pure metal contact with O and (2) interdiffusion between the contact metal and semiconductor through grain boundaries of the interlayer. A pure metal contact such as titanium (Ti) provides very poor thermal stability due to its high reactivity with O. A structure with a tantalum nitride (TaN) metal contact and a titanium dioxide (TiO2) interlayer exhibits moderate thermal stability up to 400 degrees C because TaN has much lower reactivity with O than with Ti. However, the TiO2 interlayer cannot prevent the interdiffusion process because it is easily crystallized during thermal annealing and its grain boundaries act as diffusion path. A zinc oxide (ZnO) interlayer doped with group-III elements, such as an aluminum-doped ZnO (AZO) interlayer, acts as a good diffusion barrier due to its high crystallization temperature. A TaN/AZO/n-Ge structure provides excellent thermal stability above 500 degrees C as it can prevent both O diffusion and interdiffusion processes; hence, it exhibits Ohmic contact properties for all thermal annealing temperatures. This work shows that, to fabricate a thermally stable and low resistive M-I-S contact structure, the metal contact should have low reactivity with O and a low work function, and the interlayer should have a high crystallization temperature and a low conduction band offset to Ge. Furthermore, new insights are provided for designing thermally stable M I S contact schemes for any semiconductor material that suffers from the Fermi-level pinning problem.</P>

Changing prevalence of upper gastrointestinal disease in 28 893 Koreans from 1995 to 2005

Kim, Jin Il,Kim, Sang Gyun,Kim, Nayoung,Kim, Jae Gyu,Shin, Sung Jae,Kim, Sang Woo,Kim, Hyun Soo,Sung, Jae Kyu,Yang, Chang Heon,Shim, Ki-Nam,Park, Seun Ja,Park, Joon Yong,Baik, Gwang Ho,Lee, Sang Woo,P Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2009 European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology Vol.21 No.7

OBJECTIVES: Changes in the pattern of gastrointestinal diseases in a population tend to be influenced by changes in diet and lifestyle. Shifts in gastrointestinal disease from 1995 to 2005 in Korea were evaluated, retrospectively. METHODS: Seventeen nationwide medical centers participated in this study. The cross-sectional review of endoscopic findings in 28 893 patients included 8441 patients from 1995, 10 350 patients from 2000, and 10 102 patients from 2005. RESULTS: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis increased from 1.8% in 1995 to 5.9% in 2000 and 9.1% in 2005 (P<0.001, the P value was only for the comparison between 1995 and 2005, the followings were as same). The prevalence of peptic ulcer diseases was 18.0% in 1995, 19.1% in 2000, and 20.2% in 2005 (P<0.001). Although no significant differences were noted in duodenal ulcers (8.4, 8.7, and 8.2%, P=0.449), gastric ulcers showed an increasing trend (9.6, 10.5, and 12.0%, P<0.001). The prevalence of gastric cancer increased from 3.4% in 1995 to 4.5% in 2000 (P<0.001), but then decreased to 2.4% in 2005 (P<0.001). The incidence of advanced gastric cancer was 2.5, 3.2, and 1.3%, respectively (P<0.001), and that of early gastric cancer remained constant with rates of 0.8%, 1.3, and 1.1%, respectively (P=0.056). CONCLUSION: The cross-sectional review of data collected in 1995, 2000, and 2005 showed an increase in reflux esophagitis and peptic ulcer diseases. Meanwhile, the prevalence of gastric cancer increased until 2000, but decreased in 2005.

Female Gender is a Poor Predictive Factor of Functional Dyspepsia Resolution after <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Eradication: A Prospective, Multi-center Korean Trial

Kim, Sung Eun,Kim, Nayoung,Park, Seon Mee,Kim, Won Hee,Baik, Gwang Ho,Jo, Yunju,Park, Kyung Sik,Lee, Ju Yup,Shim, Ki-Nam,Kim, Gwang Ha,Lee, Bong Eun,Hong, Su Jin,Park, Seon-Young,Choi, Suck Chei,Oh, J 대한소화기학회 2018 대한소화기학회지 Vol.72 No.6

A revaluation of algal diseases in Korean Pyropia (Porphyra) sea farms and their economic impact

Kim, Gwang Hoon,Moon, Kyoung-Hyoun,Kim, Je-Yoon,Shim, Junbo,Klochkova, Tatyana A. The Korean Society of Phycology 2014 ALGAE Vol.29 No.4

As with land crops, cultivated algae are affected by various diseases ranging from large outbreaks of a disease to chronic epiphytes, which may downgrade the value of the final product. The recent development of intensive and dense mariculture practices has enabled some new diseases to spread much faster than before. A new disease is reported almost every year, and the impact of diseases is expected to increase with environmental change, such as global warming. We observed the incidence of diseases in two Pyropia sea farms in Korea from 2011 to 2014, and estimated the economic loss caused by each disease. Serious damage is caused by the oomycete pathogens, Pythium porphyrae and Olpidiopsis spp., which decreased the productivity of the Pyropia sea farms. In Seocheon sea farms, an outbreak of Olpidiopsis spp. disease resulted in approximately US $1.6 million in loss, representing approximately 24.5% of total sales during the 2012-2013 season. The damage caused by green-spot disease was almost as serious as oomycete diseases. An outbreak of green-spot disease in the Seocheon sea farms resulted in approximately US $1.1 million in loss, representing 10.7% of total sales in the 2013-2014 season in this area. However, the causative agent of green-spot disease is still not confirmed. "Diatom felt" is regarded as a minor nuisance that does not cause serious damage in Pyropia; however, our case study showed that the economic loss caused by "diatom felt" might be as serious as that of oomycete diseases. Bacteria and cyanobacteria are indigenous members of epiphytic microbial community on Pyropia blades, but can become opportunistic pathogens under suitable environmental conditions, especially when Pyropia suffers from other diseases. A regular acid wash of the Pyropia cultivation nets is the most common treatment for all of the above mentioned diseases, and represents approximately 30% of the total cost in Pyropia sea farming. However, the acid wash is ineffective for some diseases, especially for Olpidiopsis and bacterial diseases.

The Effect of Tegoprazan on the Treatment of Endoscopic Resection-Induced Artificial Ulcers: A Multicenter, Randomized, Active-Controlled Study

Kim Byung-Wook,Park Jong-Jae,Moon Hee Seok,Lee Wan Sik,Shim Ki-Nam,Baik Gwang Ho,Lim Yun Jeong,Lee Hang Lak,Youn Young Hoon,Park Jun Chul,Sung In-Kyung,Chung Hyunsoo,Moon Jeong Seop,Kim Gwang Ha,Hong 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2024 Gut and Liver Vol.18 No.2

Background/Aims: Tegoprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker that has beneficial effects on acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux and peptic ulcer diseases. This study aimed to validate the effect of tegoprazan on endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)-induced artificial ulcers. Methods: Patients from 16 centers in Korea who underwent ESD for gastric neoplasia were enrolled. After ESD, pantoprazole was administered intravenously for 48 hours. The patients were randomly allocated to either the tegoprazan or esomeprazole group. Tegoprazan 50 mg or esomeprazole 40 mg were administered for 4 weeks, after which gastroscopic evaluation was performed. If the artificial ulcer had not healed, the same dose of tegoprazan or esomeprazole was administered for an additional 4 weeks, and a gastroscopic evaluation was performed. Results: One hundred sixty patients were enrolled in this study. The healing rates of artificial ulcers at 4 weeks were 30.3% (23/76) and 22.1% (15/68) in the tegoprazan and esomeprazole groups, respectively (p=0.006). At 8 weeks after ESD, the cumulative ulcer healing rates were 73.7% (56/76) and 77.9% (53/68) in the tegoprazan and esomeprazole groups, respectively (p=0.210). Delayed bleeding occurred in two patients in the tegoprazan group (2.6%) and in one patient in the esomeprazole group (1.5%). Other adverse events were negligible in both groups. Conclusions: Tegoprazan showed similar effects on post-ESD artificial ulcer healing in comparison with esomeprazole.

Efficacy and Safety of Fexuprazan in Patients with Acute or Chronic Gastritis

Kim Gwang Ha,Choi Myung-Gyu,Kim Jin Il,Lee Soo Teik,Chun Hoon Jai,Lee Kook Lae,Choi Suk Chei,Jang Jae-Young,Lee Yong Chan,Kim Jae Gyu,Kim Ki Bae,Shim Ki-Nam,Sohn Chong Il,Kim Sung Kook,Kim Sang Gyun,J 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.6

Background/Aims: Fexuprazan is a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker that could be of benefit to patients with gastric mucosal injury. The aim of this study was to assess the 2-week efficacy and safety of fexuprazan in patients with acute or chronic gastritis. Methods: In this study, 327 patients with acute or chronic gastritis who had one or more gastric erosions on endoscopy and subjective symptoms were randomized into three groups receiving fexuprazan 20 mg once a day (q.d.), fexuprazan 10 mg twice a day (b.i.d.), or placebo for 2 weeks. The posttreatment assessments were the primary endpoint (erosion improvement rate), secondary endpoints (cure rates of erosion and edema and improvement rates of redness, hemorrhage, and subjective symptoms), and drug-related adverse events. Results: Among the patients, 57.8% (59/102), 65.7% (67/102), and 40.6% (39/96) showed erosion improvement 2 weeks after receiving fexuprazan 20 mg q.d., fexuprazan 10 mg b.i.d., and placebo, respectively. Both fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. showed superior efficacy to the placebo (p=0.017 and p<0.001, respectively). Likewise, both fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. also showed higher erosion healing rates than the placebo (p=0.033 and p=0.010, respectively). No difference was noted in the edema healing rate and the improvement rates for redness, hemorrhage, and subjective symptoms between the fexuprazan and placebo groups. No significant difference was noted in the incidence of adverse drug reactions. Conclusions: Fexuprazan 20 mg q.d. and 10 mg b.i.d. for 2 weeks showed therapeutic efficacy superior to that of placebo in patients with acute or chronic gastritis

무증상 한국인에서 근위부 대장용종의 예측 인자로서 원위부 대장용종의 의미

김진호,최재원,주광로,민영일,김해경,김영민,박의련,홍원선,김도하,정성애,명승재,김석균,양석균,정훈용,조문경,심기남,김기락 대한소화기학회 2000 대한소화기학회지 Vol.36 No.5

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether rectosigmoid polyps could be a marker for proximal lesions. Methods: A total of 367 asymptomatic patients with distal colonic polyps (314 adenomatous; 53 hyperplastic) noted on sigmoidoscopy and 134 asymptomatic controls without distal colonic polyps were evaluated with total colonoscopy. No one had risk factors of colorectal cancers or polyps. Results: Incidence of synchronous proximal adenomas was higher in the patients with distal adenomas than in the patients with distal hyperplastic polyps and the controls (30.3% vs 17.0% and 15.7%, p$lt;0.05). It was also higher in the patients with multiple distal adenomas than in the patients with single distal adenoma. Patients with distal adenomas bigger than 5 mm in diameter had a higher risk of synchronous proximal adenomas (42.4% vs 25.8%, p$lt;0.005). Patients with advanced distal adenomas had a higher prevalence of advanced adenomas in the proximal colon than those with non-advanced distal adenomas (9.1% vs 2.1%, p$lt;0.05). Conclusion: Rectosigmoid polyps detected on flexible sigmoidoscopy can be a predictor of proximal neoplasia according to their morphologic characteristics and pathology.