Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Eun-Young Kwon,Young-Tae Kim,Dae-Eun Kim 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young’s modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed (20 μm/s) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young’s modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young’s modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young’s modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

Study on the Elastic Characteristics of Living Cells using Atomic Force Microscope Indentation Technique

Kwon Eun-Young,Kim Young-Tae,Kim Dae-Eun Korean Tribology Society 2006 KSTLE International Journal Vol.7 No.1

In this work, imaging and study of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed ($20{\mu}m/ s$) compared to that in the ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was $1.29{\pm}0.2$ kPa.

AFM indentation 기법을 이용한 세포의 탄성특성에 관한 연구

권은영(Eun-Young Kwon),김영태(Young-Tae Kim),김대은(Dae-Eun Kim) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2006 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.2006 No.6

In this work, imaging and investigation of elastic property of the living cell was performed. The motivation of this work was to seek the possibility of exploiting Young's modulus as a disease indicator using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and also to gain fundamental understanding of cell mechanics for applications in medical nanorobots of the future. L-929 fibroblast adherent cell was used as the sample. Imaging condition in cell culturing media environment was done in very low speed(20 ㎛/s) compare to that in ambient environment. For measuring the Young's modulus of the living cell, AFM indentation method was used. From the force-distance curve obtained from the indentation experiment the Young's modulus could be derived using the Hertz model. The Young's modulus of living L-929 fibroblast cell was 1.29 ± 0.2 kPa.

P087 : Adverse effects of oral cyclosporine in the treatment of various skin diseases

( Hyung Il Kwon ),( Eun Jin Kim ),( Hyun Woo Kim ),( Hyun Chul Park ),( Jeong Eun Kim ),( Joo Yeon Ko ),( Young Suck Ro ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Cyclosporine (CS) has been used for various skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. However, dermatologists are reluctant to use CS in clinics because of the adverse effects. Objectives: To investigate the adverse effects of CS for dermatological uses. Methods: A retrospective study of 1,335 patients with CS treatment was performed. Results: 15.6% of patients showed adverse effects. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the most common adverse effect. Other adverse effects included hypercholesterolemia, hypertrichosis, headache, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia in order of frequency. Hypercholesterolemia was more often in men, but GI symptoms and hypertrichosis in women. Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and GI symptoms were more common in adults, but hypertrichosis in young. GI symptoms and headache occurred more often within three months of CS treatment, but hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia after three months. Hypertrichosis was more often in group with low initial dose. GI symptoms occurred more often with lower CS cumulative dose group and hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia in higher CS cumulative dose group. Conclusion: Comparing to previous studies, the frequency of adverse effects of CS was proven to be low. Therefore, in dermatologic field, we suggest that CS is relatively safe with periodic follow-up.

장기간 항갑상선제 투여 후 임의 중단 뒤 재복용시 발생한 무과립구증 1 예

김승만;김태영;박수영;배영환;서영경 정은주;김태균;권민정;박정현;이순희 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Agranulocytosis, one of the major side effects of antithyroid a gents, probably occurs in less than 0.25% of cases treated with antithyroid agents. It usually occurs within the first several weeks or months after the initiation of therapy, when drug dosage is higher. Most reported cases of agranulocytosis have occurred during the first 3 months of therapy. We describe here a rare case that did not experience the side effect for 6 years of antithyroid agent treatment but presented with agranulocytosis in one month after re-exposure. It suggests that the major side effect such as agranulocytosis can occur in patients who had undergone prior uneventful antithyroid drug therapy.

저출산･고령사회 이슈에 대한 정책대응 과제 : 인천시 사례를 중심으로

문은영,권미애,전혜정 이화여자대학교 젠더법학연구소 2016 이화젠더법학 Vol.8 No.1

This study was conducted with the need for preparing active measures of the central government and the local government to deal with low fertility and aging society issues and with the purpose of setting the related policy direction. The issues of recent low fertility and aging are experienced globally and the decline of population is detected in Korea as well. Therefore, multilateral efforts are taken to deal with the imminent phenomenon at the governmental level. Incheon Metropolitan City, with its population of 3 million, is one of the big cities in rapid progress of low fertility and aging phenomenon. While the total fertility rate of Incheon is 1.21 (Statistics Korea, 2015) which is the similar level with the national average, it is far below the population replacement level and has continuously been recording the low figures since 2000. Besides, the elderly population rate in 2014 was 10.3%, a 5.5% increase compared to the previous year. It is expected that the population aging would be accelerated for the next 30 years and it is forecasted that the elderly population rate of Incheon would reach around 30% by 2040. According to the survey results of general citizens on this population change, more than half of the respondents seriously recognized the shift to the low fertility and aging society and demanded the measures to deal with the issues. To set the policy direction in association with the central government within the local region, this study explores the tasks to deal with the policy and the demands for the policy in Incheon Metropolitan City. 본 연구는 저출산・고령사회 이슈에 대응하여 중앙정부와 더불어 지자체의 적극적 대책마련의 필요성과 정책방향성 수립을 위한 목적으로 시도되었다. 최근 저출산과 고령화의 문제는 전 세계적으로 경험되는 문제이며 또한 우리나라에서도 인구의 변화가 감지되고 있는 상황이다. 이에 정부차원에서 이미 저출산과 고령화 문제를 경험하고 대처하고 있는 선진국의 사례를 검토하면서, 다가올 현상에 대해 대응할 수 있기 위한 다각적 노력이 진행되고 있다. 인천시는 인구 300만 시대가 임박하는 상황에서 저출산과 고령화 현상이 빠르게 진행되고 있는 대도시중 하나이다. 인천시의 합계출산율은 1.21명으로 전국평균과 동일한 수준에 있지만 인구대체수준에는 크게 못 미치는 상황이며, 2000년 이래 지속적으로 낮은 수치를 기록하고 있다. 또한 2014년 노인인구 구성비는 10.3%로 전년대비 5.5% 증가되었으며, 향후 30년간 고령화가 빠른 속도로 진행될 것으로 전망되며 오는 2040년 인천의 고령인구비율이 약 30%로 예측되고 있다. 이러한 인구변화에 대해 일반 시민들에게 저출산・고령화 사회로의 변화는 실태조사결과 절반 이상이 심각하게 인지하고 있는 상황이며, 이에 대한 대책마련을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 중앙정부와 연계성 있는 지역 내 정책방향 수립을 위해 인천시 사례를 들어 지역에서의 정책에 대한 시민체감도와 정책 수요, 또 정책대응의 과제를 살펴보고자 한다.

Resin infiltration을 시행한 법랑질 초기 우식 병소의 특성

김은영,권민석,김신,정태성 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The concept of resin infiltration which was born in an innovative philosophy to arrest the incipient caries. However, the structural changes of resin infiltrated lesions have not yet explained completely. The liquid resin might contribute not only to maximizing the penetration but to deteriorating physical stability. This study was performed to examine some physical and histological features of resin infiltrated incipient carious lesions. With the specimen of resin infiltrated lesions, microhardness by nanoindentation in depth profile, morphology of resin tags were revealed after HCl dissolution, and degree of microleakage were assessed. The percentage of microhardness of surface layer and lesion body of untreated specimen to sound enamel was 64.6% and 24.6% respectively, while that of resin-infiltrated lesions was 72.1%, showing significant difference (p<0.05). The resin tags observed under SEM had relatively homogeneous length of 433(282~501) ㎛ on the average. Among 20 specimens for microleakage assessment, 13 specimens showed no leakage while 5 and 2 showed leakage into outer and inner half of lesion respectively. It was thought the infiltrant resin penetrates deeply and homogeneously into lesion body and improves its hardness with relatively good physical stability. 본 연구는 infiltrant resin을 침투시킨 초기 우식 병소의 특성을 평가하기 위해 법랑질의 깊이에 따른 경도를 측정하고, 병 소 내로의 레진 침투양상을 분석하며, 미세누출 정도를 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 건전 법랑질에 대한 초기 우식 법랑질의 경도 백분율은 표층(5~40 ㎛) 64.6%, 병소본체(60~350 ㎛) 24.6%였으며, infiltrant resin을 침투시킨 병소의 경도 백분율은 72.1%로 나타났다. 5~350 ㎛의 전 깊이에서, infiltrant resin을 침투시 킨 병소는 비처치 우식 병소보다 경도가 유의하게 높았지만 정상 법랑질에 비해서는 경도가 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). FESEM 관찰 결과 탈회된 법랑질 내부로 비교적 균일하게 침투한 레진 테그가 관찰되었으며, 침투깊이는 433 ㎛(282-501)로 측정되었다. 열순환 처리 후 13개의 치아에서 미세누출이 관찰되지 않았고, 5개에서 병소 외측 절반, 2개에서 병소 내측 절 반까지 미세누출이 관찰되었다.

거대 난소 종양의 염전 1예

김미영,이해혁,유애리,박정희,이임순,정수호,고은석,레앙소팥,배동한,김태희,이권해 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1

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신경회로망 제어기를 이용한 PID 파라미터 추정에 관한 연구

權重東,裵銀敬,金恩基,全基英,李承桓,吳鳳煥,李勳九,金容珠,韓慶熙 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 2006 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.25 No.-

In this paper, supposed to solve these problem to PID parameters controller algorithm using ANN. In the proposed algorithm, the parameters of the controller were adjusted to reduce by on-line system the error of the speed of IM. In this process, EBPA NN was constituted to an output error value of an IM and conspired an input and output. The performance of the self-tuning controller is compared with that of the PH) controller tuned by conventional method (Ziehler-Nichols). The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified thought the Matlab Simulink and experimental results.

Acetyl CoA carboxylase의 활성 조절에 있어서 Covalent phosphorylation과 Deploymerization간의 상관관계에 관한 연구

권경렬,김은영,배동훈 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 1995 신소재 Vol.5 No.-

지방산 합성계의 지배 효소인 Acetyl CoA carboxylase의 활성조절에는 hormone에 의한 covalent modification과 세포내 대사물질에 의한 조절이 관여하는 것으로 알려져 왔다. Allosteric regulation과 covalent modification 두 경우 모두 중합체와 이량체로서 상호전환 되며 효소활성이 변환된다. BSA를 효소의 인산화과정에 함께 사용하였을 경우는 특이하게도 효소의 인산화는 일어나나 이량체로서의 분해는 일어나지 않는다. 이러한 사실로부터 효소 활성조절은 직접적으로 polymerization-depolymerization 변환에 의해 나타내며 인산화-탈인산화는 효소의 4차 구조를 변환시키기 위한 도구로서 사용되며 인산화-탈인산화에 의하여 활성이 직접적으로 변화하지는 않는다. Acetyl CoA carboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in long chain fatty acid synthesis, exhibits complex regulatory properties. Hormonal regulation of the carboxylase activity and thus fatty acid sythesis is mediated by the covalent modification of the enzyme, and cellular metabolites regulate the carboxylase activity through polymerization-depolymerization of the enzyme. In this paper, we show the evidences that the covalent modification of Acetyl CoA carboxylase is a means of changing the quaternary structure of the carboxylase and not the activity per se.