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Bi-factor MIRT True-Score Equating for Testlet-Based Tests
이규민(Gue min Lee),Won Chan Lee,Michael J Kolen,박인용(In Yong Park),Dong In Kim,Ji Seung Yang 한국교육평가학회 2015 교육평가연구 Vol.28 No.2
Lee and Lee (2014) proposed bi-factor multidimensional item response theory model (BFM) "observed-score" equating procedures. The main purposes of this study were to develop BFM "true-score" equating procedures, and to investigate applicability of the proposed procedures with actual data. Eight equating methods (including both true- and observed-score) based on dichotomous IRT (2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), polytomous IRT (graded response model: GRM), testlet response model (TRM), and BFM were compared with target equipercentile equating. Data for this study were from the Reading Comprehension test for a large-scale state assessment program, which consisted of several passages and corresponding groups of items. True- and observed-score equating methods based upon 2PL and BFM produced similar equating results. The GRM true- and observed-score equating methods provided equating results somewhat different from others, and more similar to the target equipercentile equating. Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구는 혼합형 검사에서의 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "관찰점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하였다. 이 연구는 Lee와 Lee(2014) 연구의 추수연구로 단위검사를 대상으로 bi-factor 다차원 문항반응모형을 적용한 IRT "진점수" 동등화 절차를 제안하고, 그 적용 가능성을 실제 자료를 이용하여 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 단위검사로 구성된 대규모 독해 검사 자료를 이용하여, 2모수 로지스틱 모형(2-parameter logistic model: 2PL), 등급반응모형(graded response model: GRM), 단위검사모형(testlet response model: TRM), bi-factor 모형(bi-factor model: BFM)을 적용하였으며, 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화를 시행하여 총 8개의 동등화 방법을 적용하고, 산출된 결과를 동백분위 동등화 결과와 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 2PL과 BFM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화는 유사한 결과를 산출하였으며, GRM을 적용한 관찰점수 및 진점수 동등화 방법은 다른 방법들과 다소 차이를 보이는 결과를 산출하였고, 비교 기준이 된 동백분위 동등화 결과와 보다 유사한 결과를 보였다.
Transmission ability of Zika virus with artificially infected Aedes albopictus in Korea
Yang Sung‐Chan,Lee Hee-Il,Kim Hyunwoo,Lee Wook‐Gyo 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8
Zika virus (ZIKV), a virus mainly occurring in South America, is now globally distributed. Understanding the pathogen transmission cycle in a vector is exceptionally important in developing disease control strategies. In this study, we performed ZIKV microinjection in Aedes albopictus (Skuese), to estimate its vertical and horizontal transmission ability. The virus infection rate was confirmed by real-time qPCR in the F1 generation derived from the ZIKV-injected Ae. albopictus. The minimum infection rate (MIR) of the F1 generation was highest when they were injected with the virus at 6–12 h (MIR: 16.1) and lowest at 12–24 h (MIR: 4.7) after feeding. In the developmental stage of the F1 progeny, MIR values were 1.0, 1.3, and 6.7 in each egg, larval, and adult stage, respectively, but ZIKV was not detected in the pupa stage. Virus transmission ability was not significantly different between the collection areas (Tongyeong and Jeju). Ae. albopictus demonstrated a high venereal transmission rate of ZIKV and was detected in males (6 pool/7 pool) and females (6 pool/7 pool), confirming that ZIKV can be transmitted from infected mosquitoes to uninfected mosquitoes via mating. This is the first study of the administration of a ZIKV microinjection to Ae. albopictus in Korea and suggests a possibility of a potential mechanism for the virus to survive during adverse conditions via vertical transmission.
사용자 중심적인 병동부 디자인을 위한 거주후 평가연구 : 부산시 B 종합병원을 중심으로
이양경,오찬옥 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.4
This study was intended to carry out the Post-Occupancy Evaluation of ward design of one general hospital in Busan. On the basis of this POE, the design guidelines for the user-oriented hospital were suggested. The subjects were 47 in-patients, 47 families, and 49 nurses in this hospital. The POE was carried out in three aspects of ward design: function, interior finishes and color, and psychological aspects. The functional aspects were the view, location, size, furniture arrangement, safety, accessibility, and storage; The interior finishes and color were the ones of floor, wall and ceiling of each room in the ward; The psychological ones were the visual and acoustical privacy, control, home-likeness, consideration for the care-giver, social interaction, familarity, and way-finding. The users were relatively satisfied with the functional aspects except for the room size of each room. They were also satisfied with the interior finishes and color. However, they were dissatisfied with the psychological aspects of ward design. As for the difference among users, the satisfaction degree of patients and their families with the functional and psychological aspects of ward design was higher than that of nurses, and the satisfaction degree with the interior finishes and color showed having no difference.
李贊範,崔昇勳,吳旼錫,윤상원,구경완,성낙양 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2003 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.12 No.1
Clinical studies were carried out 25 cases through administration of Chongmyungtang added Grape Juice(CMT+GJ) from December 1st 2002 to December 31th 2002. The results were summarized as follows; 1. There were significant decreases in physical symptoms of fatigue from 4.64±2.71 to 2.52±1.78 by administration of CMT+GJ. 2. There were significant decreases in mental symptoms of fatigue from 5.44±2.38 to 3.88±2.03 by administration of CMT+GJ. 3. There were significant decreases in neuro-sensory symptoms of fatigue from 3.84±2.03 to 2.88±2.07 by administration of CMT+GJ. 4. There were significant decreases in total subjective symptoms of fatigue from 13.92±5.42 to 9.28±4.21 by administration of CMT+GJ. 5. There were not significant changes in VAS of fatigue and attention ratio by administration of CMT+GJ. According to the results, we could suggest that CMT+GJ is able to be applied to the development of concentration.
이찬원,양기섭,윤재일,박영배 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 1998 환경연구 Vol.21 No.-
The zinc containing wastewater from the metal finishing industry was treated by electro-coagulation system. The zine was effectively removed with removal efficiency ranging from 95 to 99%. The operation of the system was conducted to find out the optimum conditions to reduce bleaching out effect from plate, changing important parameters such as reactor plate select, flow rate, pass, amperage and settling time, along with a consideration of O&M costs for the electro-coagulation system. The most effective and economical conditions was concluded to be a combination of Fe plate 1.0 L/min of flow rate, 5 pass, 15 amperage and 30 min settling. The copper plating wastewater was also effectively treated with 94% removal effectively under this optimum condition.
李鍾玄,曺贊燮,梁天淳 慶北大學校 1991 論文集 Vol.51 No.-
Porous silicon layer (PSL) was fabricated by anodic reaction of n^+ layer of n^+/n silicon structures. The dependence of HF concentration, applied bias and reaction time on the porosity of PSL were investigated. A FIPOS-SOI which has 100 win width and 3 ㎛ thickness was fabricated using n/n^+/n silicon structures. MOSFET devices were fabricated on silicon islands. The breakdown field intensities of buried insulator in SOI structures were distributed between 0.6-2.0 MV/㎝. The threshold voltage, transconductance. and hole mobility of p-MOSFET/SOI with W/L ratio 60/15 were -4.2 V. 4.02× 10 exp (-6) Ω^-1 and 145 ㎠/V·sec. respectively. Subthreshold slope and leakage current were 150 mV/decade and 0.2 nA. Silicon microstructures were achieved for the application to sensors using FIPOS technology. PSL was formed in n^+ silicon layer of n/n^+/n structures and was etched off in 5 wt% NaOH solution. The microstructures were 50 ㎛ wide, 100 - 500 ㎛ long, and 4 ㎛ thick micro pans for cantilever and bridge. SEM photographs were shown for each part.