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박기범,최찬환 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.4
Despite the importance of multifamily housing, which can be found easily in all parts of residential area with imaginable guise, as a major supply of affordable housing, the public prohibited people from living two more families in single detached house and regarded it as illegal until 1980s. But illegal multifamily housing was diffused throughout Seoul as open secret and too late the public legitimated it rather than banning conversions from single detached housing to multifamily housing. From the start of 1990s, most of multifamily housing were pioneered not by leading architects but by the local builders, so the Building Code was at the top of the list which affects multifamily housing. This study focuses on the relation between the characteristics of multifamily housing and the building code in residential area. The legitimation of multifamily housing enabled multifamily housing to place on the plot for single detached house and changed the landscape of residential area. The physical form of multifamily housing was affected not only by the change of regulations but also by the conditions of urban tissue like plot, street, adjacent building, and typography. The enforcement of regulations like parking lot affected the layout and form of housing directly but the alleviation like height and volume manifested under the influence of urban tissue. The change of regulation and urban tissue are manifested in the form of multifamily housing.
박기범,최찬환 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.10
The rapid industrialization and urbanization gave rise to the shortage of urban housing from the mid of 1900s. To solve housing problem the public policy, which was to increase housing supply, focused on the private movement like subdivision of single detached housing for multi households. Illegal multifamily housing was legitimated and then enlarged in volume, height, and density. But the introduction of multifamily housing as an urban housing did not considered the differences of urban structure which was different according to the land readjustment project. There are some differences in housing form according to the relation between Building Code and the conditions of urban structure. This study focuses on the analysis of urban tissue reflecting interrelation between residential structure and Building Code. To find out the relation between Building Code and urban structure manifested in the form of multifamily housing is the best way understanding urban tissue of residential area. The change of building code has led the change of housing form, conditions of urban structure has affected the differences of housing form from the 1990. From the research, under the same legislation there are differences in volume of housing according to the condition of plot like size and border with street, under the same residential structure the differences of regulation affected the form of housing. So understanding urban tissue is the key to organize appropriate landscape of residential area.
신인철,이민섭,박창섭,김범식,우찬일,최춘수 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-
Recently, the information exchange through a communication network has been increased rapidly. When the sensitive information being sent or stored, the cryptographic technique can be employed in order to prevent it from being exposed or modified by the illegal third party. To implement public key encryption systems based on the integer factorization and the discrete logaritm problem, an efficient exponential arithmetic is mandatory due to large numbers involved. In this paper, the general analysis about the highspeed implementation of primality testing and exponentiations are investigated as well as implementing RSA publickey system. The publickey cryptosystem can be applied to any applications which need both the privacy and the authentication. Finally, suing the software package named MIRACL which provides the basic number theoretic routines for cryptographic software developers. we have implemented the RSA encryption and decryption with BlumGoldwasser probabilistic algorithm under various key and message size.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis in Korea: A Narrative Review
Choi, Chan-Bum,Park, Yong-Beom,Lee, Sang-Won Yonsei University College of Medicine 2019 Yonsei medical journal Vol.60 No.1
<P>Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a group of systemic necrotising vasculitides, which often involve small vessels, and which lead to few or no immune deposits in affected organs. According to clinical manifestations and pathological features, AAV is classified into three variants: microscopic polyangiitis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and eosinophilic GPA. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria contributed to the classification of AAV, although currently the algorithm suggested by the European Medicines Agency in 2007 and the Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides proposed in 2012 have encouraged physicians to classify AAV patients properly. So far, there have been noticeable advancements in studies on the pathophysiology of AAV and the classification criteria for AAV in Western countries. However, studies analysing clinical features of Korean patients with AAV have only been conducted and reported since 2000. One year-, 5 year-, and 10 year-cumulative patient survival rates are reported as 96.1, 94.8, and 92.8%. Furthermore, initial vasculitis activity, prognostic factor score, age and specific organ-involvement have been found to be associated with either all-cause mortality or poor disease course. The rate of serious infection is 28.6%, and 1 year-, 5 year- and 10 year-cumulative hospitalised infection free survival rates range from 85.1% to 72.7%. The overall standardised incidence ratio of cancer in AAV patients was deemed 1.43 compared to the general Korean population.</P>
Choi, Chan-Bum,Kang, Changsoo Paul,Seong, Sang-Seokg,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Kang, Changwon Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2006 Vol.54 No.12
<B>Objective</B><P>In Japanese individuals, the −169C/T single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FCRL3 has been reported to be associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and autoimmune thyroid diseases. The objective of this study was to test the association of this SNP with RA and SLE, in a case–control study of Korean individuals.</P><B>Methods</B><P>The −169C/T SNP in FCRL3 was genotyped in 1,060 patients with RA, 457 patients with SLE, and 697 unaffected control subjects, using the MassARRAY SNP genotyping system. Associations were tested by multivariate logistic regression, with adjustments for age and sex.</P><B>Results</B><P>No association was detected between the −169C/T SNP and RA (odds ratio [OR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.83–1.48, P = 0.50) or SLE (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.73–1.37, P = 0.99). This SNP was not associated with rheumatoid factor status, shared epitope status, radiographic severity in patients with RA, or disease manifestations in patients with SLE.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>The association of the −169C/T SNP in FCRL3 with RA and SLE that was observed in Japanese patients was not replicated in a Korean population.</P>
Safety and Clinical Responses in Ankylosing Spondylitis after Three Months of Etanercept Therapy
Choi, Chan-Bum,Kim, Tae-Jong,Park, Hee-Jin,Uhm, Wan-Sik,Jun, Jae-Bum,Bae, Sang-Cheol,Yoo, Dae-Hyun,Kim, Tae-Hwan The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2008 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.23 No.5
<P>We aimed to evaluate the safety and clinical responses in Korean ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients after three months of etanercept therapy. AS patients satisfying the Modified New York Criteria were enrolled. They were assessed for safety and clinical responses at enrollment and after three months of etanercept therapy. A total of 124 patients completed the study. After three months, the rate of ASsessment in AS International Working Group 20% improvement (ASAS 20) response was 79.8%. The rates of ASAS 40 and ASAS 5/6 responses were 58.5 and 62.8%, respectively. Significant improvement of Korean version of Bath AS Disease Activity Index (KBASDAI) (<I>p</I><0.0001), Bath AS Functional Activity Index (BASFI) (<I>p</I><0.0001), and Bath AS Metrology Index (BASMI) (<I>p</I>=0.0009) were achieved after three months. Quality of life was also significantly improved after three months, as demonstrated by scores for SF-36 (<I>p</I><0.0001) and EQ-5D (<I>p</I><0.0001). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were significantly decreased (<I>p</I><0.0001, <I>p</I><0.0001, respectively). None of the patients developed tuberculosis and there were no serious adverse event. AS patients with inadequate response to conventional therapy showed significant clinical improvement without serious adverse events after three months of etanercept therapy.</P>