D-Amphetamine이 니코틴성 흥분작용에 의한 카테콜아민 분비작용에 미치는 영향

임건한,서유석,민선영,임지연,김용직,나광문,임동윤 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 d-arphetamine이 흰쥐의 적출부신 관류모델에서 니코틴 수용체 흥분에 의한 카테콜아민(CA) 유리작용에 미치는 영향을 검색하여 그 작용기전을 규명하고자 하였다. D-amphetamine은 흰쥐 부신정맥내로 60분간 관류시 d-amphetamine자체는 약한 CA 분비작용을 나타내었으나, d-amphetamine (30 μM)을 비롯한 강력한 neuronal nicotine 수용체 작용제인 cytisine (50 μM) 및 epibatidine (30 μM)에 의한 CA 유리작용을 처음 4-10분 동안만 유의하게 증강시켰다. 또한, d-amphetamine (30 μM)은 60분간 부신정맥 내로 관류한 상태에서 dihydropyridine L-형 칼슘통로 개방약물인 Bay-K-8644 (10 μM)과 세포질내 칼슘저장고에서 Ca^(2+) ATPase 억제제인 cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM)의 CA 유리작용을 처음 4분간만 유의하게 증강시켰다. 그러나, 고농도의 d-amphetamine (500 μM)은 상기한 모든 분비촉진제의 CA분비작용을 오히려 억제하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과로 보면, 흰쥐 관류 부신수질에서 d-amphetamine은 낮은 농도에서는 콜린성 니코틴 수용체 흥분에 의한 카테콜아민 분비반응을 증강시키지만, 고농도에서는 오히려 억제적으로 작용함을 시사한다. 따라서, d-amphetamine은 용량에 따라서 흰쥐 적출 관류부신수질의 니코틴 수용체의 작용제 및 길항제로 이중 작용(dual action)을 나타내는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 d-amphetamine의 작용은 흰쥐 부신수질 크롬친화세포의 dihydropyridine계 L-형 칼슘통로의 활성화 및 세포 내 칼슘저장고로부터 칼슘유리작용과 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of d-amphetamine on CA release evoked by nocotinic receptor stimulation from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland, and to establish its mechanism of action. D-amphetamine(30 μM), when perfused into an adrenal vein of the rat adrenal gland for 60 min, enhanced the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), nicotine (30 μM), cytisine (50 μM, a selective neuronal nicotinic Nn-receptor agonist) and epibatidine (30 nM, a selective neuronal nicotinic Nn receptor agonist) only for the first period (4~10 min), although it alone has weak effect on CA secretion. Moreover, d-amphetamine (30 μM) in to an adrenal vein for 60 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644, an activator of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca^(2+) channels, and cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+) ATPase only for the first peroid (4 min). However, in the presence rather inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by the above all of secretagogues. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that d-amphetamine at a low concentration enhances the CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotininc receptors, but at a high concentration it rather inhibits them. It semms that d-amphetamine has dual action acting as both agonist and antagonist at nicotinic receptors of the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which are might be dependent on the concentration. It is also thought that these actions of d-amphetamine are probably relevant to the activation of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca^(2+) channels located on the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cell membrane and release of Ca^(2+) from the cytoplasmic store.

펄스 옥시미터 시스템 구현에 관한 연구

유동주,허 웅,김근이,이호재,임현수 明知大學校 産業技術硏究所 1992 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, we implemented a pulse oximeter system which is measured oxygen saturation coefficient of a human blood in vivc We use the Beer-Lambert Law to measure the percentage of hemoglobin is oxygen saturation. The oximeter sensor are consisted of two LED(RED and INFRARED LED) and a single photodiode. The photodiode measures lights which transmitted through the tissue from two light source alternately, We calculated a ratio of light transmittance between two LEDs and then, it applied for the oxygen saturation coefficient calculation to formula. As a result, the oxygen saturation coefficient that measured from normal conditions men was 96.43[%]

중추신경계질환에서 병소부위에 다른 요류역학적 관찰

이동국,이상도,유영수,박영춘,임정근,이 형 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.2

This study was undertaken to evaluate the correlation between urodynamic findings and localization of CNS lesions in patient with voiding disturbance. The patient group consisted of 48 patients (35 male and 13 female) with various localization of CNS lesions confirmed by CT or MRI among which were 9 cerebral cortex, 8 putamen and internal capsule, 6 thalamus and internal capsule, 7 brain stem and 18 spinal core. m and 18 spinal core. Nineteen of the 42 patients with various CNS lesions above sacral crod showed detrusor hyperreflexia. Six of the 7 patients who had suprasacral cord lesion and detrusor hyperreflexia showed detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. In 6 patients with sacral cord lesions, 5 patients showed detrusor areflexa. In summary, detrusor sphincter dyssynergia with detrusor hyperreflexia and detrusor areflexia seemed to be specific urodynamcic pattern of suprasacral spinal cord and sacral cord lesion, respectively. But other CNS lesion showed no consistent specific urodynamic pattern.

재발성 류마티즘 환자에서 발작의 유발인자

주유철,이동민,양종태,신병철,임태영,서정균,정기영,최동헌,김원,조영신,고희관 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives : Palindromic rheumatism (PR) is known to be triggered without any obviously inciting events in most patients, although, in a few cases, attacks have been noted to relate to another events such as weather change, childbirth, ingestion of certain foods, or over-exercise. The aim of this study was to characterize the triggering factors on palindromic attacks. Materials and Methods : We evaluated sixty-four patients with PR for the presence of triggering factors and the relationship between attacks and triggering factors by interview of patients. We considered that there was an probable association between episodes and PR, if episodes within 24 hours prior to PR had triggered at least 50% of all attacks and a definite association between episodes and PR, if episodes within 24 hours prior to PR had triggered 100% of all attacks. Results : In 15 patients (35.9%), there was a possible association between episodes of PR and initiating events. In 8 patients (12.5%), there was a definite association between episodes of PR and initiating events. The triggering factors were physical over-activity including exercise (19/64: 29.7%), foods, such as rawfish, crab, and chicken, including alcohol (19/96: 19.8%). However, there were no difference between the groups with and without the triggering factor in sex ratio, duration and onset of PR, the positive rate of rheumatoid factor and involved sites. Conclusion : Our observations showed that PR was triggered by physical over-activity more than in previous reports and hypersensitivity to foods was a causative factor in some patients with PR. However, patients with triggering factors had a similiar clinical profile to patients without triggering factors.

동종 조혈모세포이식 후 발생한 크립토콕쿠스 척추염 1예

고윤호,임동준,이성수,조유경,이동건,최정현,김유진,민창기,김동욱,박정미,김춘추,신완식 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Skeletal cryptococcosis is an uncommon infection. Cryptococcus is a common cause of meningitis and infects 7∼10% of patients with AIDS. As well as AIDS, the infection may be seen in association with leukemia, lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis and diabetes, also in patients on steroid medication. But there is no case report of skeletal cryptococcosis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. A 40-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of low back pain. She had chronic myelogenous leukemia for 2 years and underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 8 months ago. She have been treated with steroid and cyclosporine orally because of chronic graft versus host disease. On examination she was afebrile and had posterior lower lumbar tenderness. But, she had no reduced strength of low extremities. Open biopsy was underwent. Histology demonstrated budding, round-to-oval, refractile yeast-like organisms within debris. The results of a lumbar puncture were unremarkable and cerebrospinal fluid culture failed to grow bacteria and yeast. The patient was treated with amphotericin B (1 gram) and AmBisome□ (2.8 gram) over 6 weeks. Three months after cessation of therapy, the patient was doing well.(Korean J Infect Dis 33:298∼301, 2001)

수산화칼슘 처리된 Porphyromonas endodontalis Lipopolysaccharide가 다형핵백혈구의 IL-1과 TNF-α 생성에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박찬제,박동성,유현미,오태석,임성삼 大韓齒科保存學會 2002 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.27 No.5

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays a major role in stimulating the synthesis and release of the principal osteoclast-activating cytokines , namely, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α from immune cells, Although monocytes/macrophages are the main producers of these cytokines, recent evidence has indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) have the ability to release IL-1 and TNF-α. Calcium hydroxide has been shown to be an effective medicament in root canal infectionsm, reducing the microbial titre within the canal. It has been proposed that the therapeutic effect of Ca(OH)_2 may also be the result of direct inactivation of LPS. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether treatment of Porphyromanas endodonatalis LPS with calcium hydroxide alters its biological action as neasured by human PMN secretion of IL-1 and TNF-α, and it was compared with Escherichia coli LPS. P.endodonatalis ATCC 35406 was cultured in anaerobic condition, and LPS was extracted using the hot-phenol water extraction method and purified. Purchased E. coli LPS was also purified . 100 ㎍/ml of each LPS in pyrogen free water were incubated with 25mg/ml Ca(OH)_2 at 37℃ for 7 days. The supernatants were subjected to ultrafiltration. And the isolates were lyophilized and weighed. PMNs were obtained from peripheral blood by centrifugation layered over Lymphoprep. The cells were resuspended (4 × 10^6 cells/ml) in RPMI 1640 followed by treatment with various concentrations of LPS (0, 0.1, 1, 10㎍/ml) for 24 hours at 37℃ in 5% CO_2 incubator. The supernatants of cells were collected and the levels of IL-1α, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were as follows; 1. The levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α from PMN treated with each LPS were significantly higher than those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with each untreated LPS (p<0.05). while they were not significantly different from those released from unstimulated PMN of the control group (p>0.05). 3. The levels of secretion or all three cytokines were affected in a dose-dependent manner in PMN stimulated with each LPS (p<0.05), but not in PMN stimulated with each calcium hydroxide treated LPS (p>0.05). 4. The levels of all three cytokines released from PMN stimulated with P.endodontalis LPS were significantly lower than those released from PMN stimulated with E. coli LPS (p<0.05).

複合組織鋼의 摩擦 熔接部의 疲勞破壞特性에 관한 硏究

吳世旭,姜鎬珉,兪在煥,林東哲 東亞大學校 1988 東亞論叢 Vol.25 No.1

This study has been carried out to investigate the characteristics of fatigue crack of welded zone and heat affected zone of friction welded dual phase steel. The results obtained from the experiments are summarized as follows. Microstructure of welded zone is changed to ferrite and pearlite from ferrite and martensite by wel-ding heat. Micro-vickers hardness of welded zone is higher than that of base metal zone and heat affec-ted zone. Micro-vickers hardness of heat affected zone is lower than that of welded zone and microstructure of heat affected zone is changed to fine martensite and ferrite by heating cycle of welding. Fatigue limits of heat affected zone is a little higher than that of welded zone and base metal zone. There are no difference of fatigue limit of base metal zone and welded zone. Fatigue strength of welded zone is similar to that of base metal zone. At high △K region(△K>19MPa·??), fatigue crack propagation velocity of heat affected zone is slower than that of welded zone and base metal zone, and the difference of fatigue crack propagation velocity is smaller than that of high △K region. The crack occurs to the notch in heat affected zone first, but the final fracture surface is the surface of welded zone. It is abvious that heat affected zone of friction welded dual phase steel superior to welded zone and base metal zone in fatigue strength and resistance of fatigue crack propagation. The above mentioned facts are contrary to theory that heat affected zone of general metals is weaker than welded zone and base metal zone.

혈액종양병동 입원환자에서 Vancomycin 내성 장구균의 직장내 감시 배양 연구

김명신,이승옥,임지향,서광수,김용구,한경자,최정현,유진홍,최수미,신완식,이동건,김경미 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.3

목적 : Vancomycin 내성장구균(VRE)은 병원감염의 중요한 원인균으로 VRE 보균상태의 환자들을 파악하여 감염을 예방할 수 있는 감시체계가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 혈액종양병동 입원 환자를 대상으로 VRE의 직장내 감시배양을 실시하여 그 빈도 및 분포를 알아보고, 집락화된 균주와 임상검체에서 분리된 VRE와의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법 : 가톨릭대학교 성모병원 혈액종양병동에 입원해 있는 환자를 대상으로 14개월간 직장 감시배양을 시행하였다. 혈액한천배지에서 장구균이 의심되는 집락을 따서 vancomycin 6㎍/㎖이 포함된 Brain-heart infusion agar에 10^(6) CFU를 접종하여 vancomycin 내성선별검사를 하였다. 이 기간 동안 4병실에서 환경감시배양을 시행하였다. 분리된 균주는 Microscan을 이용하여 균종을 동정하였고 vancomycin에 대한 최소억제농도를 측정하였다. Multiplex PCR로 균종 확인 및 동시에 vancomycin 내성 유전형을 알아보았다. 결과 : 대상이 된 452명의 환자 중 230명(50.9%)이 직장내 VRE 보균자로 확인되었다. 균종의 분포는 E. faecium (72.4%), E. faecalis(24.1%) 순으로 vancomycin에 대한 MIC가 128㎍/㎖ 이상의 고도 내성이었으며, vanA형이 대부분이었다. 환경 감시배양에서는 2개 병실에서 VRE 4주가 분리되었다(E. faecium 3주, E. faecalis 1주). 감시기간동안 32명의 환자의 임상검체에서 33주의 VRE가 동정되었고 이 중 29명(90.6%)이 직장내 VRE 보균자였다. 결론: 가톨릭의대 성모병원 혈액종양병동의 VRE의 직장 내 집락화율이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 특히 임상검체에서 VRE가 분리된 환자의 경우 VRE 직장내 집락화율이 유의하게 높게 나타나 보균상태의 VRE가 환자의 감염에 직접적인 연관이 있을 수 있으므로 이를 예방하고 관리하는 지침이 필요하다고 생각한다. Background: Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important pathogens among hospitalized patients. We evaluated the prevalence of rectal VRE colonization at hematology-on-cology unit and the correlation between VRE colonization and infection. Materials & Methods: All VRE isolates were obtained from rectal swabs and clinical samples of the patients hospitalized over 14-month period at hematology-oncology unit in St. Mary's Hospital. The agar screening test was performed by using 6 ug/ml of vancomycin in brain heart infusion agar with 10^(6) CFU inoculum. During this period, the environmental surveillance culture was performed in 4 hospital rooms. Species identification of VRE was done by Microscan and MICs to vancomycin. Identification and genotyping of VRE pattern were confirmed by multiplex PCR. Results: Rectal colonization rate was 50.9% (230 among 452 patients). The most common isolate was E. faecium (72.4%) followed by E. faecalis (24.1%), and all had vanA genotype. Four VREs (three E. faecium and one E. faecalis) were isolated from 2 hospital rooms. During this period, 33 clinical VRE strains from 32 patients were isolated (infected or colonized). Twenty nine (90.6%) of these clinical isolates came from VRE carriers. Conclusion: This study showed a high rectal colonization rate of VRE in patients hospitalized at the hematology-oncology unit in St. Mary's Hospital. The colonization rate of VRE in the rectum was higher among the patients who had clinical infection by VRE. Therefore, the strategies for prevention and control of VRE infection should be deveoloped and monitored.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

Proper Light Condition on Preventing Anthocyanin Accumulation in Leaves of Hanabusaya asiatica

Dong-Lim Yoo,Jong-Teak Suh,Chun-Woo Nam,Su-Jeong Kim 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-