Dependence of the exchange bias and coercivity of [Pd/Ferromagnet]_N/FeMn multilayers on the stack number N

Joo, H.W.,Lee, M.S.,Kim, S.W.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, J.Y.,Baek, J.Y.,You, C.-Y.,Lee, K.A.,Rhee, J.R.,Lee, S.S.,Hwang, D.G. IEEE 2006 IEEE transactions on magnetics Vol.42 No.10

The dependencies of the stack number N on perpendicular exchange-biasing (H<SUB>ex</SUB>) and coercivity H<SUB>c</SUB>) in [Pd/Co]<SUB>N</SUB> and [Pd/Co (or CoFe)]<SUB>N</SUB>/FeMn multilayers were investigated. With the help of the careful designs of layer structures, a series of samples whose surface anisotropies have the linear function N was prepared with constant bulk anisotropies. From the experimental data obtained, it was found that H<SUB>ex</SUB> does not depend on the surface anisotropy, while H<SUB>c</SUB> shows a strong dependence. Therefore, it is possible to tailor wide ranges of H<SUB>c</SUB> (300-600 Oe) without varying H<SUB>ex</SUB>(∼200 Oe) through the single control parameter stack number N.

여자 대학생의 저출산에 대한 인식 : 서울 지역 중심으로

김연주,김주예,김혜,민지유,박현영,이송,이혜심,주연진,최지희,함연화,강숙정,김부연,김윤정 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2019 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.53

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the perception of low birth rate within female college students. Methods: After obtaining approval from online community and several acquaintance, data were collected from August 10 to September 11. A total of eight students participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interview were conducted and the data subsequently analyzed. Results: This study extracted three themes: Fragmentary perception about low birth rate limited to social level problem; Avoidance about sacrifice from delivery and Lack of effectiveness in fertility incentives of present government. Conclusion: This study is meaningful that can explore the perception about low birth rates of female college students who are the subjects of future birth. They recognize low birth rates as a social problem, but do not recognize as individual problem. In addition, this study was able to identify the participants' perception of the low birth rate. It can be suggested as meaningful opinion for some follow-up study.

An outbreak of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza in Korea, 2008

Kim, H.R.,Park, C.K.,Lee, Y.J.,Woo, G.H.,Lee, K.K.,Oem, J.K.,Kim, S.H.,Jean, Y.H.,Bae, Y.C.,Yoon, S.S.,Roh, I.S.,Jeong, O.M.,Kim, H.Y.,Choi, J.S.,Byun, J.W.,Song, Y.K.,Kwon, J.H.,Joo, Y.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2010 Veterinary microbiology Vol.141 No.3

In spite of intensive surveillance programs for the control of HPAI, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in Korea in April 2008 caused serious damage to poultry farms, as did previous outbreaks in 2003/2004 and 2006/2007. Six viruses were selected from the Korean 2008 isolates for genetic analysis, and all eight gene segments from each of the influenza viruses were sequenced. A phylogenetic analysis showed that all of the viruses were of the same virus type and that the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was clustered with that of clade 2.3.2 viruses. However, the internal and neuraminidase (NA) genes were closely related to those of the clade 2.3.4 viruses (recent human and bird isolates from Southeast Asia).

Distinct clinical courses according to presenting phenotypes and their correlations to <i>ATP7B</i> mutations in a large Wilson's disease cohort

Lee, Beom H.,Kim, Joo H.,Lee, Sun Y.,Jin, Hye Y.,Kim, Kwi‐,Joo,Lee, Jin‐,Joo,Park, Jung‐,Young,Kim, Gu‐,Hwan,Choi, Jin‐,Ho,Kim, Kyung M.,Yoo, Han‐,Wook Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Liver International Vol.31 No.6

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Introduction and aims: </B> Wide phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneities in Wilson's disease (WD) have been reported, hampering the study of their correlations. The goal of this study was to identify the factors related to these diversities.</P><P><B>Methods: </B> Clinical courses and molecular genetic characteristics were analysed in 237 unrelated Korean WD families. The average follow‐up period was 8.2 ± 5.8 years.</P><P><B>Results: </B> Presenting phenotypes were classified as H1 (12.2%), H2 (42.4%), N1 (21.6%), N2 (0.4%), NX (0.4%), presymptomatic (22.4%) and other (0.4%), modifying the guidelines by Ferenci and colleagues. Age at presentation was youngest and cirrhosis was rarest in the presymptomatic group. Decompensated cirrhosis was the highest in the H1 group. Favourable outcome was rarest in the N1 group. Forty‐seven (11 novel) <I>ATP7B</I> mutations were identified in 85% of the 474 alleles. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification assays in <I>ATP7B</I> and analyses of <I>ATOX1</I> and <I>COMMD1</I> genes identified no additional mutations. Yeast complementation assays demonstrated functional perturbation of the seven novel missense mutants. Five major mutations, p.Arg778Leu, p.Ala874Val, p.Asn1270Ser, p.Lys838SerfsX35 and p.Leu1083Phe, accounted for 63% of the alleles. H1 was more common, age at presentation was younger and N1+N2+NX tended to be less common in patients with nonsense, frame shifting or splicing mutations than in those with missense mutations alone. Patients with both mutations in the transduction (Td) or the ATP hinge domain showed presymptomatic or hepatic manifestations but no neurological manifestation.</P><P><B>Conclusions: </B> The presenting phenotype strongly affects the clinical outcome of WD, and is related to the <I>ATP7B</I> mutation type and location, providing an evidence for genotype–phenotype correlations in WD.</P>

Small molecule inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen-1 DNA binding activity interferes with replication and persistence of the viral genome

Lee, E.K.,Kim, S.Y.,Noh, K.W.,Joo, E.H.,Zhao, B.,Kieff, E.,Kang, M.S. Elsevier/North-Holland 2014 ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Vol.104 No.-

The replication and persistence of extra chromosomal Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) episome in latently infected cells are primarily dependent on the binding of EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) to the cognate EBV oriP element. In continuation of the previous study, herein we characterized EBNA1 small molecule inhibitors (H20, H31) and their underlying inhibitory mechanisms. In silico docking analyses predicted that H20 fits into a pocket in the EBNA1 DNA binding domain (DBD). However, H20 did not significantly affect EBNA1 binding to its cognate sequence. A limited structure-relationship study of H20 identified a hydrophobic compound H31, as an EBNA1 inhibitor. An in vitro EBNA1 EMSA and in vivo EGFP-EBNA1 confocal microscopy analysis showed that H31 inhibited EBNA1-dependent oriP sequence-specific DNA binding activity, but not sequence-nonspecific chromosomal association. Consistent with this, H31 repressed the EBNA1-dependent transcription, replication, and persistence of an EBV oriP plasmid. Furthermore, H31 induced progressive loss of EBV episome. In addition, H31 selectively retarded the growth of EBV-infected LCL or Burkitt's lymphoma cells. These data indicate that H31 inhibition of EBNA1-dependent DNA binding decreases transcription from and persistence of EBV episome in EBV-infected cells. These new compounds might be useful probes for dissecting EBNA1 functions in vitro and in vivo.

4방향성 탄소/탄소 복합재의 함침거동 특성

주혁종,맹학영,최돈묵,진영학 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1996 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.11 No.2

For the preparation of 4-directional carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites(4D CFRCs) which have good thermal stability and high mechanical properties under the high temperature, pressure impregnation, carbonization and graphitization processes were performed after fabrication of 4D preform using the pultruded rod and weaving method. Due to the good compactability of pitch matrix precursor and reinforcement, carbon matrix was infiltrated effectively into the pore and crack of 4D CFRCs during the densification process. Carbon yield of matrix pitch was high level by adapting of the pressure impregnation and carbonization process. Rod network type 4D preform was more easily densified than weaving type 4D preform.

국내 분리 일본뇌염 바이러스 유전자에 대한 항체생성 연구(Ⅱ) : 일본뇌염 바이러스 유전자 발현 expression of JEV viral genes

주영란,최택균,유정희,이한샘,남재환,최우영,박근용,조해월 국립보건연구원 2000 국립보건원보 Vol.37 No.-

음란물 접촉과 청소년의 성 가치관의 변화 : 서울 일개 중학교를 중심으로

김가영,김슬기,김지아,박다현,연현숙,오연경,주혜인,차근영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2011 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.45

This document's purposes are to give basic data in the viewpoint of nursing through investigation on the change of teenager's sexual values resulted from pornography experience. 150 middle school boy students who were in first, second and third grade were surveyed. Investigated place is limited only one school which is located in Seoul city. 123 Data was available among the 150 surveyed data. Collected data are statistically processed using SPSS program. To verify the reliability, Cronbach'a was applied and analysed using t- test, ANOVA. In short, the main results of this survey are as follows. 1. The general characteristics of surveyed students: Most of surveyed students were middle school 3rdgrade(42.5%) who had computer at their room ranked first (47.2%). The average using time of internet was more than 2 hours (35.4%, the highest rate). 76.6% of surveyed students answered that they had experience of watching the pornography. 2. 53.1% of surveyed students, which is the highest ratio, experienced pornography before they entered middle school. The curiosity rank first (57.%) about the question why they watch pornography. In case of students who had no experiences of pornography answered that they didn't watch pornography because they had no concern on pornography (51.6%). 3. On sexual values, the average scores of pornography non-experienced (3.77±0.46, full score: 5..0) are higher than those of pornography-experienced (3.53±0.51), showing statically significant difference against pornography -experienced group. 4. Findings of sexual values scores on general characteristics were as follows; The higher in grades, the lower in scores. Top-graded students gained higher scores of sexual values than low graded students showing statistically significant difference in both case of characteristics.

우유 중 단백질과 요소태질소 분석에 의한 젖소의 에너지 및 단백질 균형 상태 평가에 관한 연구

박용호,문진산,주이석,장금찬,윤용덕,이보균,손창호 한국동물자원과학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.4

Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) and milk protein (MP) are increasingly used as indicators of the protein-energy balance and the actual faun feeding practice, and also are related to nutritional and reproductive disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the MUN and MP concentrations by month and geographical distribution in individual and bulk milk, and to evaluate the protein-energy balance for feeding according to the level of MP and MUN by stage of lactation in Holstein cows. MP and MUN contents were determined using automated infrared procedures. Mean MUN and MP concentrations in the bulk milk samples obtained from Jan. 1999 until Dec. 1999 in the 26,467 cows of 1,077 herd were 16.9±4.2㎖/㎗ and 3.18±0.18%, respectively. The highest values were found during spring and lowest values during winter in MUN. But, the average contents of MP were the highest values during winter and the lowest ones during summer. Out of the total herd surveyed, 10.7% had MUN values lower than 12.0㎖/㎗ and 39.7% had values higher than 18.0㎖/㎗, and 53.0% had MP values outside the standard interval (3.0-3.2%). In order to evaluate protein-energy balance for feeding, we set the level of standard range of MP of 2.90-3.29% in early lactation considering dairy cows to experience a negative energy balance and the level of MP in mid-lactation and late lactation were 3.10-3.49%, and 3.30-3.69%, respectively. Standard MUN of 12-18㎖/㎗ was applied through the whole lactation because it is relatively constant without being affected by days in milk. Milk yield, body condition score, and milk composition were analyzed according to the 9 types based on the levels of MP and MUN. The lower body condition score than the recommended level by stage of lactation was associated with low MP, high MUN content and decreased milk yield. Out of a total, 26.8%, 25.8%, and 22.2% had protein-energy balance for feeding by stage of lactation, respectively. Therefore, when MUN and MP analysis is used for gross diagnosis of protein-energy balance and feeding management practice at the farm level.

여대생의 트라우마와 자존감, 가족지지 및 갈등, 우울의 상관관계 연구

경유래,김영서,김주영,박은서,윤예은,이수진,조성온,주서희,황선영,Tsang Lok Yi,김석선,길민지 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2019 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.53

Purpose: Precedent studies about the relationship between trauma and other variables was focused on children and middle aged women. This study however, aims to study the female college student population who are exposed to depression and low self-esteem from traumatic events of childhood and adolescence Methods: Using a descriptive correlation study design, 205 female college students attending female colleges were recruited. The instruments Post-traumatic Diagnostic Scale by Jacoz&Perry(1997), Self-esteem Scale by Rosenberg(1979), Family Support &Conflict Scale by Kim, and Depression Scale by Radloff(1977) were used. The questionnaires were distributed with Google Survey online. The data w re analyzed by average, standard deviation, percentage, and t-test using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The degree of trauma and self-esteem, family support and conflict showed negative correlation, and the degree of trauma and depression showed positive correlation. In other words, female college students with higher trauma tend to have lower self-esteem, more cognizance of family conflict, less feeling of family support, and more depression. Conclusion: This study is different in that it analyzes correlation between the degree of trauma and other variables, not the absence or frequency of trauma. This study is also meaningful as it consider the psychological changes from traumatic experience and provides the basic data for the prevention and therapeutic intervention in clinical field.