Resistivity Depends on Preferred Orientation for Transparent Conductive Thin Films

Ligang Ma,Xiaoqian Ai,Hanzhi Quan,Wei Yang,Xingxing Du 한국물리학회 2019 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.74 No.8

An Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin film is an important and useful material for optoelectronic devices. In this paper, pure ZnO and AZO thin films were deposited on glass substrates by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at different substrate temperatures from room temperature to 650$^\circ$C. The effect of substrate temperature on the crystallization behavior and optoelectronic properties of the AZO thin films were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmittance spectra and resistance measuring system, and so on. The XRD results indicated that all the samples were polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure. As the substrate temperature was increased from RT to 650$^\circ$C, the preferred orientation of the AZO thin films undergone a gradual change that affect the resistivity of the thin film. The AFM morphology also showed the same growth pattern. The average optical transmittance of over 90\% in the visible range was obtained at a substrate temperature of 400$^\circ$C. In addition, with increasing substrate temperature, the optical band gap decreased first and then increased, reaching a minimum at 400$^\circ$C, which is the same trend as the resistivity. These results indicate that the atoms can easily diffuse from one position to another at the proper substrate temperature. The atoms trapped in non-equilibrium positions can shift to positions closer to equilibrium, which causes the Al atoms to be evenly disperse on the surface of the ZnO thin film to improve the transmittance and the conductivity.

Study of Deformation Mechanisms of a High-Purity α-Titanium Plate Under Monotonic Loading with the EVPSC-TDT Model

Chao Ma,Xing Duan,Xiaoqian Guo,Hua Qiao,Lianying Zhang,Xianbiao Mao,Peidong Wu 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.2

The deformation mechanisms of a rolled high-purity α-titanium plate under monotonic loading along the rolling direction(RD), transverse direction (TD), and normal direction (ND) are investigated by the Elastic Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent(EVPSC) model, which incorporates a Twinning and De-Twinning (TDT) scheme to describe twinning behavior duringstraining. In the EVPSC-TDT model, plastic deformation is assumed to be accommodated by prismatic, basal and pyramidal⟨c + a⟩ slip modes as well as the 10̄12 extension and 11̄22 contraction twin modes. Numerical results based on theEVPSC-TDT model are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. The tension–compression asymmetry,anisotropic initial yielding and strain hardening behavior are interpreted in terms of the predicted relative activities of variousdeformation modes, twin volume fractions and texture evolutions. It is demonstrated that twinning plays an important rolein tension–compression asymmetry and plastic anisotropy, which is closely related to the loading direction with respect tocrystal orientations in the initial texture. In addition, it can be concluded that the TDT scheme permits better performancein describing twinning-associated deformation behavior for the rolled high-purity α-titanium plate than the PredominantTwin Reorientation (PTR) model even when detwinning is not involved.

A Bayesian Network Approach to Launch Vehicle Software Failure Prediction

Tinggui Yan,Xiaoqian Chen,Shipeng Li,Li Ma,Jian Bai,Zhifang Yang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.11

Launch Vehicle software has played an important role in Launch Vehicle system. However, the reliability assessment of Launch Vehicle software is still a hard problem due to the complexity of Launch Vehicle software. Failure prediction can be an effective approach of Launch Vehicle reliability evaluation, whereas failure prediction of software has not yet been fully explored. In this paper, a Markov Bayesian Network model for Launch Vehicle software failure prediction (MBNG) is proposed. In MBNG, unique features of Launch Vehicle software is considered as an important part in the modeling process, which improves the effectiveness of this novel model. Experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of MBNG model and compare its performance with classic models.

Hepatocellular carcinoma prediction model performance decreases with long-term antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients

Xiaoning Wu,Xiaoqian Xu,Jialing Zhou,Yameng Sun,Huiguo Ding,Wen Xie,Guofeng Chen,Anlin Ma,Hongxin Piao,Bingqiong Wang,Shuyan Chen,Tongtong Meng,Xiaojuan Ou,Hwai-I Yang,Jidong Jia,Yuanyuan Kong,Hong Yo 대한간학회 2023 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.29 No.3

Background/Aims: Existing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) prediction models are derived mainly from pretreatment or early on-treatment parameters. We reassessed the dynamic changes in the performance of 17 HCC models in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) during long-term antiviral therapy (AVT). Methods: Among 987 CHB patients administered long-term entecavir therapy, 660 patients had 8 years of follow-up data. Model scores were calculated using on-treatment values at 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, and 5 years of AVT to predict threeyear HCC occurrence. Model performance was assessed with the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC). The original model cutoffs to distinguish different levels of HCC risk were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: The AUROCs of the 17 HCC models varied from 0.51 to 0.78 when using on-treatment scores from years 2.5 to 5. Models with a cirrhosis variable showed numerically higher AUROCs (pooled at 0.65–0.73 for treated, untreated, or mixed treatment models) than models without (treated or mixed models: 0.61–0.68; untreated models: 0.51–0.59). Stratification into low, intermediate, and high-risk levels using the original cutoff values could no longer reflect the true HCC incidence using scores after 3.5 years of AVT for models without cirrhosis and after 4 years of AVT for models with cirrhosis. Conclusions: The performance of existing HCC prediction models, especially models without the cirrhosis variable, decreased in CHB patients on long-term AVT. The optimization of existing models or the development of novel models for better HCC prediction during long-term AVT is warranted.

Catalytic pyrolysis of corncob with Ni/CaO catalysts for hydrogen-rich gas: Synthesis modes and catalyst/biomass ratios

Hongyu Liu,Yuting Tang,Xiaoqian Ma,Wenchang Yue 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.123 No.-

With the depletion of traditional fossil fuels, biomass has evolved as a new environmentally friendly andsustainable alternative energy source. Ni/CaO catalysts are promising for CO2 capture and biomass catalyticuse. In this study, we examined four different synthesis modes for Ni/CaO catalysts: impregnationmethod, sol–gel method (citric acid complexation), sol–gel method with propionic acid modification andsedimentation method, and used the catalysts in the pyrolysis of corncob to produce hydrogen-rich gas at600 C. According to the results of the fixed-bed experiments, adding the propionic acid modification tothe citric acid complexation boosted hydrogen generation by 24.93 vol.%. The global behavior of the catalystssynthesized by the different methods follows the order sol-Ni1/Ca7-P > sol-Ni1/Ca7 > sed-Ni1/Ca7imp-Ni1/Ca7-A. At a catalyst/biomass ratio of 2:1, the maximum H2 concentration of 84.45 ± 1.02vol.% and H2 production of 26.84 ± 1.26 mmol/gbiomass were attained, as well as CO2 concentrations of just2.08 ± 0.03 vol.%. The H2 production was about 20 times higher than without the addition of the catalyst. Optimizing the synthesis modes and catalyst/biomass ratio produced high-quality hydrogen-rich gaswith a high H2 conversion of 88.95 ± 2.20 % and the energy efficiency of 52.73 %.

Comparison of Autogenous Tooth Materials and Other Bone Grafts

Zhang Shuxin,Li Xuehan,Qi Yanxin,Ma Xiaoqian,Qiao Shuzhan,Cai HongXin,Zhao Bing Cheng,Jiang Heng Bo,이의석 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2021 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.18 No.3

Autogenous odontogenic materials are a new, highly biocompatible option for jaw restoration. The inorganic component of autogenous teeth acts as a scaffold to maintain the volume and enable donor cell attachment and proliferation; the organic component contains various growth factors that promote bone reconstruction and repair. The composition of dentin is similar to that of bone, which can be a rationale for promoting bone reconstruction. Recent advances have been made in the field of autogenous odontogenic materials, and studies have confirmed their safety and feasibility after successful clinical application. Autogenous odontogenic materials have unique characteristics compared with other bone-repair materials, such as the conventional autogenous, allogeneic, xenogeneic, and alloplastic bone substitutes. To encourage further research into odontogenic bone grafts, we compared the composition, osteogenesis, and development of autogenous odontogenic materials with those of other bone grafts. In conclusion, odontogenic bone grafts should be classified as a novel bone substitute.

Visible-light driven efficient elimination of organic hazardous and Cr (VI) over BiOCl modified by Chinese Baijiu distillers’ grain-based biochar

Xingyun Jin,Xiaolong Tang,Huan Li,Xiaoqian Tang,Jian zhang Li,Jun bo Zhong,Shulin Zhang,Dongge Ma 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.107 No.-

In this paper, distillers’ grains biochar (DGBC) was facilely gained by processing the distillers’ grains producedin Chinese Baijiu brewing, and the DGBC was used to modify BiOCl. The prepared DGBC/BiOCl compositephotocatalysts show elevated visible light-driven catalytic performance. X-ray diffraction (XRD)and scanning electron microscope (SEM) suggest the presence of DGBC affects the crystal growth andmicroscopic morphology of BiOCl. The low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) testaffirms more oxygen vacancies (OVs) exist in the DGBC/BiOCl composite photocatalysts. The 0.75-DGBC/BOC photocatalyst holds the highest efficiency for removal of rhodamine B (RhB), tetracycline(TC) and Cr (VI) compared with BiOCl, commercial TiO2 (P25) and other DGBC/BiOCl composites. Giventhe experimental results, the enhanced visible light responsive performance originates from the richOVs introduced by the modification of BiOCl with DGBC and the higher separation rate of photoexcitedcarriers.

State-Space Model Predictive Control Method for Core Power Control in Pressurized Water Reactor Nuclear Power Stations

Guoxu Wang,Jie Wu,Bifan Zeng,Zhibin Xu,Wanqiang Wu,Xiaoqian Ma 한국원자력학회 2017 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.49 No.1

A well-performed core power control to track load changes is crucial in pressurized waterreactor (PWR) nuclear power stations. It is challenging to keep the core power stable at thedesired value within acceptable error bands for the safety demands of the PWR due to thesensitivity of nuclear reactors. In this paper, a state-space model predictive control (MPC)method was applied to the control of the core power. The model for core power control wasbased on mathematical models of the reactor core, the MPC model, and quadratic programming(QP). The mathematical models of the reactor core were based on neutron dynamicmodels, thermal hydraulic models, and reactivity models. The MPC model waspresented in state-space model form, and QP was introduced for optimization solutionunder system constraints. Simulations of the proposed state-space MPC control system inPWR were designed for control performance analysis, and the simulation results manifestthe effectiveness and the good performance of the proposed control method for core powercontrol.

Identifying natural genotypes of grain number per panicle in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by association mapping

Jianyin Xie,Fengmei Li,Najeeb Ullah Khan,Xiaoyang Zhu,Xueqiang Wang,Zhifang Zhang,Xiaoqian Ma,Yan Zhao,Quan Zhang,Shuyang Zhang,Zhanying Zhang,Jinjie Li,Zichao Li,Hongliang Zhang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.3

Introduction As one of the main yield components, grain number per panicle (GNP) played critical role in the rice yield improvement. The identification of natural advantageous variations under different situations will promote the sustainable genetic improvement in rice yield. Objectives This study was designed to identify natural genotypes in a rice mini-core collection, to examine the genotypic effects across the indica and japonica genetic background in different environments, and excavating the superior genotypes that had drove the modern genetic improvement. Methods The association mapping of GNP was carried out using a mini-core collection including 154 indica and 119 japonica accessions in seven different environments. Genotypic effects of each genotype for each QTL were calculated and genotype frequency distortion between the commercial rice cultivars and landraces was screened by χ2-test. Results In total, 74 QTLs containing stable and sensitive QTLs in various environments were detected. Within them, 20 positive and 24 negative genotypes in indica, and 24 positive and 16 negative genotypes in japonica were identified. When checking the accumulation of positive genotypes identified in indica across cultivars in each of the two subspecies, it indicated that increased number of positive genotypes identified in indica results in the substantially increased GNP in both indica and japonica across all of the environments, while this trend was not obvious for the positive genotypes identified in japonica especially in short day environments. Moreover, the positive and negative genotype frequency distortion between the landraces and commercial rice cultivars indicated that both positive selection of positive genotypes and negative selection of negative genotypes had driven the genetic improvement on GNP. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the accumulation of positive genotypes and purifying negative genotypes played equivalently important roles in the improvement of rice yield, but the efficient use for some QTLs or genotypes depends on the comprehensive evaluation of their effect under diverse genetic backgrounds and environments.