Reduced activity of ATP synthase in mitochondria causes cytoplasmic male sterility in chili pepper.

Li, Jinjie,Pandeya, Devendra,Jo, Yeong Deuk,Liu, Wing Yee,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Springer-Verlag [etc.] 2013 Planta Vol.237 No.4

<P>Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternally inherited trait characterized by the inability to produce functional pollen. The CMS-associated protein Orf507 (reported as Orf456 in previous researches) was previously identified as a candidate gene for mediating male sterility in pepper. Here, we performed yeast two-hybrid analysis to screen for interacting proteins, and found that the ATP synthase 6 kDa subunit containing a mitochondrial signal peptide (MtATP6) specifically interacted with Orf507. In addition, the two proteins were found to be interacted in vivo using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays. Further functional characterization of Orf507 revealed that the encoded protein is toxic to bacterial cells. Analysis of tissue-specific expression of ATP synthase 6 kDa showed that the transcription level was much lower in anthers of the CMS line than in their wild type counterparts. In CMS plants, ATP synthase activity and content were reduced by more than half compared to that of the normal plants. Taken together, it can be concluded that reduced ATP synthase activity and ATP content might have affected pollen development in CMS plants. Here, we hypothesize that Orf507 might cause MtATP6 to be nonfunctional by changing the latter's conformation or producing an inhibitor that prevents the normal functioning of MtATP6. Thus, further functional analysis of mitochondrial Orf507 will provide insights into the mechanisms underlying CMS in plants.</P>

<i>OsASR5</i> enhances drought tolerance through a stomatal closure pathway associated with ABA and H ₂ O ₂ signalling in rice

Li, Jinjie,Li, Yang,Yin, Zhigang,Jiang, Jihong,Zhang, Minghui,Guo, Xiao,Ye, Zhujia,Zhao, Yan,Xiong, Haiyan,Zhang, Zhanying,Shao, Yujie,Jiang, Conghui,Zhang, Hongliang,An, Gynheung,Paek, Nam‐,Cho John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017 Plant biotechnology journal Vol.15 No.2

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that directly implicate plant growth and crop productivity. Although many genes in response to drought stress have been identified, genetic improvement to drought resistance especially in food crops is showing relatively slow progress worldwide. Here, we reported the isolation of <I>abscisic acid</I>,<I> stress</I> and <I>ripening</I> (<I>ASR</I>) genes from upland rice variety, IRAT109 (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L. ssp. <I>japonica</I>), and demonstrated that overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> enhanced osmotic tolerance in <I>Escherichia coli</I> and drought tolerance in <I>Arabidopsis</I> and rice by regulating leaf water status under drought stress conditions. Moreover, overexpression of <I>OsASR5</I> in rice increased endogenous ABA level and showed hypersensitive to exogenous ABA treatment at both germination and postgermination stages. The production of H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, a second messenger for the induction of stomatal closure in response to ABA, was activated in overexpression plants under drought stress conditions, consequently, increased stomatal closure and decreased stomatal conductance. In contrast, the loss‐of‐function mutant, <I>osasr5</I>, showed sensitivity to drought stress with lower relative water content under drought stress conditions. Further studies demonstrated that OsASR5 functioned as chaperone‐like protein and interacted with stress‐related HSP40 and 2OG‐Fe (II) oxygenase domain containing proteins in yeast and plants. Taken together, we suggest that <I>OsASR5</I> plays multiple roles in response to drought stress by regulating ABA biosynthesis, promoting stomatal closure, as well as acting as chaperone‐like protein that possibly prevents drought stress‐related proteins from inactivation.</P>

ZEBRA-NECROSIS, a thylakoid-bound protein, is critical for the photoprotection of developing chloroplasts during early leaf development

Li, Jinjie,Pandeya, Devendra,Nath, Krishna,Zulfugarov, Ismayil S.,Yoo, Soo-Cheul,Zhang, Haitao,Yoo, Jeong-Hoon,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Koh, Hee-Jong,Kim, Do-Soon,Seo, Hak Soo,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl,Lee, Choon-Hwa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 The Plant journal Vol.62 No.4

<P>Summary</P><P>The <I>zebra-necrosis</I> (<I>zn</I>) mutant of rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I>) produces transversely green/yellow-striped leaves. The mutant phenotype is formed by unequal impairment of chloroplast biogenesis before emergence from the leaf sheath under alternate light/dark or high/low temperatures (restrictive), but not under constant light and temperature (permissive) conditions. Map-based cloning revealed that <I>ZN</I> encodes a thylakoid-bound protein of unknown function. Virus-induced gene silencing of a <I>ZN</I> homolog in <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> causes leaf variegation with sporadic green/yellow sectors, indicating that ZN is essential for chloroplast biogenesis during early leaf development. Necrotic lesions often occur in the yellow sectors as a result of an excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The phenotypic severity (leaf variegation and necrosis) and ROS levels are positively correlated with an increase in light intensity under restrictive conditions. In the mutant leaves, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, ROS scavenging activities, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII), and structures and functions of the photosynthetic complexes are normal in the Chl-containing cells, suggesting that ROS are mainly generated from the defective plastids of the Chl-free cells. The PSII activity of normal chloroplasts is hypersensitive to photoinhibition because the recovery rates of PSII are much slower. In the PSII repair, the degradation of damaged D1 is not impaired, suggesting a reduced activity of new D1 synthesis, possibly because of higher levels of ROS generated from the Chl-free cells by excess light. Together, we propose that ZN is required for protecting developing chloroplasts, especially during the assembly of thylakoid protein complexes, from incidental light after darkness.</P>

Chicken serum uric acid level is regulated by glucose transporter 9

Ding Xuedong,Peng Chenglu,Li Siting,Li Manman,Li Xinlu,Wang Zhi,Li Yu,Wang Xichun,Li Jinchun,wu Jinjie 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) is a uric acid transporter that is associated with uric absorption in mice and humans; but it is unknown whether GLUT9 involves in chicken uric acid regulation. This experiment aimed to investigate the chicken GLUT9 expression and serum uric acid (SUA) level. Methods: Sixty chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15): a control group (NC); a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fishmeal group (FM) supplemented with 16% fishmeal in diet; and a uric acid-injection group (IU), where uric acid (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. The serum was collected weekly to detect the SUA level. Liver, kidney, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression. Results: The results showed in the SD and IU groups, the SUA level increased and GLUT9 expression increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney, jejunum, and ileum. In the FM group, the SUA level decreased slightly and GLUT9 expression increased in the kidney, but decreased in the liver, jejunum, and ileum. Correlation analysis revealed that liver GLUT9 expression correlated positively, and renal GLUT9 expression correlated negatively with the SUA level. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that there may be a feedback regulation of GLUT9 in the chicken liver and kidney to maintain the SUA balance; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated in future studies. Objective: Glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9) is a uric acid transporter that is associated with uric absorption in mice and humans; but it is unknown whether GLUT9 involves in chicken uric acid regulation. This experiment aimed to investigate the chicken GLUT9 expression and serum uric acid (SUA) level.Methods: Sixty chickens were divided into 4 groups (n = 15): a control group (NC); a sulfonamide-treated group (SD) supplemented with sulfamonomethoxine sodium via drinking water (8 mg/L); a fishmeal group (FM) supplemented with 16% fishmeal in diet; and a uric acid-injection group (IU), where uric acid (250 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. The serum was collected weekly to detect the SUA level. Liver, kidney, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected to detect the GLUT9 mRNA and protein expression.Results: The results showed in the SD and IU groups, the SUA level increased and GLUT9 expression increased in the liver, but decreased in the kidney, jejunum, and ileum. In the FM group, the SUA level decreased slightly and GLUT9 expression increased in the kidney, but decreased in the liver, jejunum, and ileum. Correlation analysis revealed that liver GLUT9 expression correlated positively, and renal GLUT9 expression correlated negatively with the SUA level.Conclusion: These results demonstrate that there may be a feedback regulation of GLUT9 in the chicken liver and kidney to maintain the SUA balance; however, the underlying mechanism needs to be investigated in future studies.

Identifying natural genotypes of grain number per panicle in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by association mapping

Jianyin Xie,Fengmei Li,Najeeb Ullah Khan,Xiaoyang Zhu,Xueqiang Wang,Zhifang Zhang,Xiaoqian Ma,Yan Zhao,Quan Zhang,Shuyang Zhang,Zhanying Zhang,Jinjie Li,Zichao Li,Hongliang Zhang 한국유전학회 2019 Genes & Genomics Vol.41 No.3

Introduction As one of the main yield components, grain number per panicle (GNP) played critical role in the rice yield improvement. The identification of natural advantageous variations under different situations will promote the sustainable genetic improvement in rice yield. Objectives This study was designed to identify natural genotypes in a rice mini-core collection, to examine the genotypic effects across the indica and japonica genetic background in different environments, and excavating the superior genotypes that had drove the modern genetic improvement. Methods The association mapping of GNP was carried out using a mini-core collection including 154 indica and 119 japonica accessions in seven different environments. Genotypic effects of each genotype for each QTL were calculated and genotype frequency distortion between the commercial rice cultivars and landraces was screened by χ2-test. Results In total, 74 QTLs containing stable and sensitive QTLs in various environments were detected. Within them, 20 positive and 24 negative genotypes in indica, and 24 positive and 16 negative genotypes in japonica were identified. When checking the accumulation of positive genotypes identified in indica across cultivars in each of the two subspecies, it indicated that increased number of positive genotypes identified in indica results in the substantially increased GNP in both indica and japonica across all of the environments, while this trend was not obvious for the positive genotypes identified in japonica especially in short day environments. Moreover, the positive and negative genotype frequency distortion between the landraces and commercial rice cultivars indicated that both positive selection of positive genotypes and negative selection of negative genotypes had driven the genetic improvement on GNP. Conclusion Our findings suggested that the accumulation of positive genotypes and purifying negative genotypes played equivalently important roles in the improvement of rice yield, but the efficient use for some QTLs or genotypes depends on the comprehensive evaluation of their effect under diverse genetic backgrounds and environments.

Analysis of Damage of Joints in CRTSII Slab Track under Temperature and Vehicle Loads

Yang Li,Jinjie Chen,Jianxi Wang,Xianfeng Shi,Long Chen 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.24 No.4

Damage in joints has a significant effect on the integrity and stability of the China Railway Track System (CRTS)II slab track. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model was established to investigate the damage law of joints in the CRTSII slab track under temperature and vehicle loads. In the finite element model, the non-linear constitutive law and damage parameter of the interface between the slabs and the cement asphalt (CA) mortar layer were defined by a cohesive zone model. Based on the limited results in this analysis, the recommendations of joint damage repair were put forward. Results show that in the formation of joint damage in CRTSII slab track, the temperature load plays a more important role compared with the vehicle load. The more the concrete loss at the narrow joint, the lower the temperature rise at which concrete stress reaches its compressive strength. If concrete loss at the bottom of the narrow joint is no more than 10%, the damaged joint can be repaired at the time when the temperature of slabs is close to the construction temperature. If concrete loss at the bottom of the narrow joint is larger than 10%, repair strategy should be taken according to the time when the joint damage is detected. During repair, improving bond strength of the interface between the slabs and the CA mortar layer and strength of joint concrete can help to prevent the repaired joint from being damaged again.

딥 러닝 기반 휴먼 모션 디노이징

김성욱(Seong Uk Kim),임현승(Hyeonseung Im),김종민(Jongmin Kim) 한국전기전자학회 2019 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.23 No.4

본 논문에서는 어텐션 기법을 적용한 양방향 순환신경망을 이용하여 새로운 휴먼 모션 디노이징 방법을 제안한다. 본 방법을 이용하면, 단일 3D 깊이 센서 카메라에서 캡처된 노이즈가 포함된 사람의 움직임이 잘 교정된 자연스러운 움직임으로 자동 조정된다. 양방향 순환신경망에 어텐션 기법을 도입하면, 입력으로 들어온 움직임을 인코딩할 때 여러 자세 중에 더 중요한 자세가 있는 프레임에 더 높은 어텐션 가중치를 부여함으로써, 다른 딥 러닝 네트워크와 비교해 더 나은 최적화 결과와 더 높은 정확도를 보인다. 실험을 통해 본 논문에서 제시한 방법이 다양한 스타일의 움직임과 노이즈를 효과적으로 처리함을 확인하였으며, 제시한 방법은 모션 캡처 후처리 단계의 애플리케이션으로 충분히 사용 가능할 것으로 기대된다. In this paper, we propose a novel method of denoising human motion using a bidirectional recurrent neural network (BRNN) with an attention mechanism. The corrupted motion captured from a single 3D depth sensor camera is automatically fixed in the well-established smooth motion manifold. Incorporating an attention mechanism into BRNN achieves better optimization results and higher accuracy than other deep learning frameworks because a higher weight value is selectively given to a more important input pose at a specific frame for encoding the input motion. Experimental results show that our approach effectively handles various types of motion and noise, and we believe that our method can sufficiently be used in motion capture applications as a post-processing step after capturing human motion.

Double Mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E Confer Recessive Resistance to Chilli Veinal Mottle Virus in Pepper

황지나,Jinjie Li,Wing-Yee Liu,안송지,조화진,Nam Han Her,Inhwa Yeam,Dosun Kim,Byoung-Cheorl Kang 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.3

To evaluate the involvement of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E in Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection in pepper, we conducted a genetic analysis using a segregating population derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum ‘Dempsey’ containing an eIF4E mutation (pvr12) and C. annuum ‘Perennial’ containing an eIFiso4E mutation (pvr6). C. annuum ‘Dempsey’ was susceptible and C. annuum ‘Perennial’ was resistant to ChiVMV. All F1 plants showed resistance, and F2 individuals segregated in a resistant-susceptible ratio of 166:21, indicating that many resistance loci were involved. Seventy-five F2 and 329 F3 plants of 17 families were genotyped with pvr12 and pvr6 allele-specific markers, and the genotype data were compared with observed resistance to viral infection. All plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr12 and pvr6 were resistant to ChiVMV, demonstrating that simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E confer resistance to ChiVMV in pepper. Genotype analysis of F2 plants revealed that all plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr12 and pvr6 showed resistance to ChiVMV. In protein-protein interaction experiments, ChiVMV viral genome-linked protein (VPg) interacted with both eIF4E and eIFiso4E. Silencing of eIF4E and elFiso4E in the VIGS experiment showed reduction in ChiVMV accumulation. These results demonstrated that ChiVMV can use both eIF4E and eIFiso4E for replication, making simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E necessary to prevent ChiVMV infection in pepper.

The Hypernodulating nts Mutation Induces Jasmonate Synthetic Pathway in Soybean Leaves

서학수,Jinjie Li,이선영,Jae-Woong Yu,김길현,이석하,In-Jung Lee,백남천 한국분자세포생물학회 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.24 No.2

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with nitrogen-fixing bacteriain the root nodules is a distinctly beneficial metabolicprocess in legume plants. Legumes control thenodule number and nodulation zone through a systemicnegative regulatory system between shoot androot. Mutation in the soybean NTS gene encodingGmNARK, a CLAVATA1-like serine/threonine receptor-like kinase, causes excessive nodule developmentcalled hypernodulation. To examine the effect of ntsmutation on the gene expression profile in the leaves,suppression subtractive hybridization was performedwith the trifoliate leaves of nts mutant ‘SS2-2’ and thewild-type (WT) parent ‘Sinpaldalkong2’, and 75 ESTclones that were highly expressed in the leaves of theSS2-2 mutant were identified. Interestingly, the expressionof jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes such asvspA, vspB, and Lox2 were upregulated, whereas thatof a salicylate-responsive gene PR1a was suppressed inthe SS2-2 mutant. In addition, the level of JA wasabout two-fold higher in the leaves of the SS2-2 mutantthan in those of the WT under natural growthconditions. Moreover, the JA-responsive gene expressionpersists in the leaves of SS2-2 mutant withoutrhizobia infection in the roots. Taken together, ourresults suggest that the nts mutation increases JA synthesisin mature leaves and consequently leads to constitutiveexpression of JA-responsive genes which isirrelevant to hypernodulation in the root.

Double mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E confer recessive resistance to Chilli veinal mottle virus in pepper

Hwang, JeeNa,Li, Jinjie,Liu, Wing-Yee,An, Song-Ji,Cho, Hwajin,Her, Nam Han,Yeam, Inhwa,Kim, Dosun,Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Springer-Verlag 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.27 No.3

<P>To evaluate the involvement of translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIFiso4E in Chilli veinai mottle virus (ChiVMV) infection in pepper, we conducted a genetic analysis using a segregating population derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum 'Dempsey' containing an eIF4E mutation (pvr1(2)) and C. annuum 'Perennial' containing an eIFiso4E mutation (pvr6). C. annuum 'Dempsey' was susceptible and C. annuum 'Perennial' was resistant to ChiVMV. All F(1) plants showed resistance, and F(2) individuals segregated in a resistant-susceptible ratio of 166:21, indicating that many resistance loci were involved. Seventy-five F(2) and 329 F(3) plants of 17 families were genotyped with pvr1(2) and pvr6 allele-specific markers, and the genotype data were compared with observed resistance to viral infection. All plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr1(2) and pvr6 were resistant to ChiVMV, demonstrating that simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E confer resistance to ChiVMV in pepper. Genotype analysis of F2 plants revealed that all plants containing homozygous genotypes of both pvr1(2) and pvr6 showed resistance to ChiVMV. In protein-protein interaction experiments, ChiVMV viral genome-linked protein (VPg) interacted with both eIF4E and eIFiso4E. Silencing of eIF4E and eIFiso4E in the VIGS experiment showed reduction in ChiVMV accumulation. These results demonstrated that ChiVMV can use both eIF4E and eIFiso4E for replication, making simultaneous mutations in eIF4E and eIFiso4E necessary to prevent ChiVMV infection in pepper.</P>