질소오염 감소를 위한 질소수지표 개발에 관한 연구 : 충청북도 사례연구 For Province Chungcheongbuk-do

송재옥,홍성규 建國大學校 自然科學硏究所 2004 建國自然科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

These days, the environment has been polluted as a result of many kinds of agricultural activities, such as over-fertilization and excessively injected agricultural medicine and livestock-wastewater. Especially, superfluously used nitrogenous fertilizers have worsened both ground water and earths surface water. In Korea, compared to other developed countries, there has been an extensive use of nitrogenous fertilizer, affecting the cleanliness of ground water. Under these circumstances, it is imperative to study the pollution by nitrogenous fertilizer. In order to estimate the extent of potential pollution by nitrogenous fertilizer, this study establishes a nitrogen parameter by providing the balance between the inputted quantity of nitrogen element (marked as plus) and the output quantity of nitrogen element (marked as minus). For the calculation of surface nitrogen balance, nitrogen input was calculated by fertilizer consumption and cattle manure input etc., and nitrogen output was mainly harvested crop products. This balance, by indicating the extent of potential pollution, may be used to improve the effectiveness of environment policy making. In Province Chungcheongbuk-do(Chungbuk), a surplus of nitrogen is 15.3kg/10a. However, each region has different levels of surplus based on the amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer used, soil and climate. We observe that the policy to reduce pollution by nitrogen must be applied based on environmental characteristics of each region. In conclusion, the nitrogen parameter has significance in planning environmental policy that is appropriate to each region, by helping to analyze the effect on rural household income and to solve other environment-related problems.

어린이 김치 표준화에 대한 연구(1) : 어린이 김치의 담금법 개발 Development of the Preparation of Kimchi for the Children

송영옥,전영수,권명자,빈성미,김은희,문정원,김명 부산대학교 가정대학 1995 家政大學硏究報告 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of this study is reporting the results of first trial for the standardization of children's kimchi in terms of brining standardization, development for the recipe ad pannel test for the children's kimchi. In order to develop the standard recipe for children's kimchi, our research team have visited kimchi factories, temples and houses located in Pusan and Kyung-Sang Nam Do province. Three kinds of chinese cabbage kimchi (hamyang, haeundae, and jinrae kimchi named by region where we collected) which got the top three highest score in panel testing was selected. The original recipes of these kimchi were sightly modified to prepared the kimchi at laboratory. Among three of them, hamyang kimchi which contained dried anchovy power was selected as a model kimchi for development of the children's kimchi recipe. We find out that the optimal salt concentration of brined cabbage and kimchi for the children's kimchi (sliced style kimchi, approximately 2.5X3cm a piece) that showed the hightest pennel score were approximately 1.5% and 2.0%, respectively. The salt concentration of brined cabbage became 1.5, 1.43, and 1.60% after 60 min at 10% brining solution, 45 min at 12% and 30 min at 15%, respectively. The developed recipe used for the children's kimchi at our team is as follows. The major ingredients used for the preparation of kimchi is brined sliced chinese cabbage (salt concentration is 1.5%) 1kg galic 11g, ginger 5.0g, red pepper powder 20.0g, fermented anchovy juice 25.0g, fermented shrimp juice 5.0g dried anchovy and sea weed extracts 30.0g, anchovy power 2.4g glutinious rice gel 40.0g, starch syrup, 10.0g, and apple juice 22.5g. The total acceptability test of developed children's kimchi (test kimchi) was carried out with 84 of 6th grade student during lunch time at elementary school in Pusan where has a school lunch program. Sixty nine percent of student answered test kimchi is very good, 25% of them said it is fair, and only 6% of students answered they didn't like test kimchil. However, for the kimchi supplied from school at lunch, 52% students answered the kimchi is good, 26% of them said it is fair, and 22% of them said they don't like school supplied kimchi. This result tells us that the test kimchi is better than school supplied kimchi and the test kimchi can be developed further as a children's kimchi.

특수교육지원센터 치료지원서비스에 대한 견해 : - 작업치료 서비스를 받는 보호자를 중심으로 -

송민옥,이성자,김훈주 대한감각통합치료학회 2010 대한감각통합치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

목적 : 본 연구에서는 특수교육지원센터에서 시행되는 치료지원서비스의 인식, 목적, 특징 및 개선방안을 살펴봄으 로써 치료지원서비스의 전반적 실태를 파악하고 이를 통해 최적의 치료지원서비스를 제공하기 위한 기초자료로 제시하고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 현재 특수교육지원센터에서 치료지원서비스를 받고 있는 치료지원대상 아동의 보호자를 대상으로 개별 인터뷰가 진행되었다. 인터뷰는 평균 40분이 소요되었으며, 모든 인터뷰는 녹취되었다. 결과 : 치료지원서비스에 대한 근본적인 인식이 부족하였고, 치료영역의 전문가가 치료를 담당함으로 인하여 치료사에 대한 신뢰도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 치료실의 시설 및 교재교구의 다양성으로 인해 질적으로 높은 치료를 받는다고 생각하고 있었으며 모든 연구대상자는 무상교육을 치료지원서비스의 특징으로 꼽았다. 결론 : 작업치료사가 특수교육지원센터에서 치료지원서비스 전문가로 자리 매김하기 위해서 많은 노력과 연구 및 대외적인 홍보가 필요하다. Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide practical guidelines for the better performance of the Occupational therapy services(OT services) in the Supporting Center for Special Education. The study is based upon the quality and satisfaction of the OT services, measured by interviewing parents whose children have taken the services provided by Ulsan Kang-Nam Supporting Center for Special Education. Methods : Five parents for the children having OT services since March, 2010 in the Kang-Nam Supporting Center were interviewed individually. The interview per each person took thirty to fifty minutes and was all audio-recorded. Results : The satisfaction of the qualification for the OT therapists working at the Kang-Nam Supporting Center was high. The quality for treatment facilities and the variety for treatment materials met the expectation for OT to be well-performed. The free OT treatment system was the one of significant features for the OT services provided by the Kang-Nam Supporting Center. However, the perception of the interviewed parents for the OT was very low.

洞報 廢鑛山 周邊地域 土壤 內 重金屬 移動 分布

문영옥,정송송이,최상민,김민철,박창웅,오광중 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 環境硏究報 Vol.21 No.-

In this paper, we study heavy metal transport and distribution of soils around Dong-bo abandoned mine area. Inside the mine, concentration of Cd, Ca, Zn are exceeded soil management standards. Outside of mine, concentration of Pb, as is exceeded soil management standards. Especially, concentration of Pb is higher than soil protection standard of 300㎎/㎏ in S-6 point which is tailing accumulation area. Although heavy metal concentration of mine water was higher than Unsuchon, water contaminated level was lower than soil. 30cm-depth soil is serious in S-6 point, heavy metal transport had influence on Unsuchon. Further more, we used pollution index(PI) to evaluate soil contamination totally, it exceeded standard "1" in S-6 points of surface soil and 30cm-depth soil. So it decided that contamination of heavy metal is more seriously than other sampling points. In contaminated soil, pH and organic contents are lower than non-contaminated soil. Therefore heavy metal concentration has influence on adsorption and retardation of soil by pH and organic contents variation. Moisture contents also encouraged heavy metal transport velocity, but less than pH and organic contents.

당귀 추출물이 liposome 의 안정성 및 유동성에 미치는 영향

배송자,김경옥,노승배 신라대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

인지질 liposome의 안정성과 유동성에 대한 당귀 추출물의 영향을 알아보기 위해 여러 종류의 인지질을 만들어 실험한 결과 PC계 인지질 중 DPPC를 사용하여 인지질 liposome을 만들고, 막안 정성에 대한 영향을 calcein을 봉입한 liposome에 fluorescence self-quenching방법으로 측정하였으며, 막유동성에 대한 영향은 fluorescence polarization방법으로 P값을 측정하였고 그 결과를 다음과 같이 요약한다. 1. Phosphatidylcholine(PC)계 인지질 중 acyl chain의 C수가 14개인 dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine(DMPC)과 C수가 16개인 dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) 및 여러 인지질의 혼합물인 egg phospatidylcholine(egg PC)을 사용하여 liposome 형성의 안정화와 막안정화에 대한 비교 실험을 하였다. 이중 liposome의 안정성이 가장 좋은 것은 egg PC였고, DPPC 그리고 DMPC의 순으로 calcein의 leakage %가 저하하였다. 2. 막 안정성에 미치는 당귀 추출물의 영향 : DPPC liposome에 당귀의 ethyl alcohol과 hexane 추출물을 가한 결과, DPPC만으로 만든 liposome보다 calcein leakage%가 감소하였으며, 추출용매에 다른 막안정화에 미치는 영향은 거의 유사하였다. 이와 같은 경향은 또한 인지질 liposome에 다른 약물을 첨가했을 경우 calcein의 leakage%정도보다 훨씬 그 영향이 탁월함을 보여주었다. 즉 당귀 추출물의 소수성 부분은 인지질 liposome의 상전이온도 이하(Tm. 41∼42℃)인 25℃에서 지질 이중 층의 rigid한 부분의 공간 속으로 깊숙히 들어가 막안정성 증가에 의한 인지질막의 condensing effect에 현저한 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 3. 막 유동성에 미치는 당귀 추출물의 영향 : DPPC로 만든 liposome에 DPH로 labeling한 후 온도 증가에 따른 DPH의 fluorescence polarization값(P)의 측정에서 DPPC만으로 만든 liposome의 경우 상전이온도 이전의 gel 상태에서 상전이온도(phase transition temperature, Tm)로 되면서 P값이 현저히 저하하였으며, 당귀의 ethyl alcohol과 hexane추출물을 농도 별로 첨가했을 때는 35℃에서 시작하여 상전이온도 이전까지 현저히 P값의 저하가 일어남으로서 인지질 막의 유동성 증가를 알 수 있었으며 상전이온도 근처에서는 P값의 저하 경사가 완만해져서 온도의 증가에 따른 P값의 변화는 미미하였으나 상전이온도 이후에서는 DPPC liposome의 P값보다 당귀 추출물 첨가의 경우가 상대적으로 그 정도가 훨씬 증가된 상태였다. 이 결과에서 상전이온도 이전에서의 당귀 추출물의 막유동성 증가 효과를 읽을 수 있었고, 상전이를 전후해서 증가된 유동성은 상전이온도 이후에서는 온도 증가에 따라 미미하였으며, 오히려 상전이온도 이후에서는 DPPC만의 liposome보다 상대적으로 추출물의 농도 증가에 따른 P값의 변화가 미미하여 막유동성의 감소를 볼 수 있었다. 이상의 결과에서 당귀의 ethyl alcohol과 hexane 추출물의 소수성 부분은 DPPC의 상전이온도 이전에서는 인지질 liposome의 이중층으로 깊숙히 들어가서 막안정성과 막유동성을 증가 시키므로써 옛부터 보혈강장 및 정혈제로서 민간약제로 쓰이던 당귀 추출물이 인지질 세포막에 대한 생리적 활성을 일으킬 수 있는 촉진제로서의 가능성을 시사해 주었다고 볼 수 있다. We investigated the effects of the Angelica Radix extract on the physicochemical properties of biological membranes such as membrane stability and fluidity employing the phospholipid liposomal membranes as a biomembrane-mimetic system. The leakage of encapsulated calcein from the liposome and the fluorescence polarization of DPH labelled in the liposomal membrane were employed as the parameters of the stability and fluidity of the liposomal membrance. The results of the experiments showed that the addition of the Angelica Radix extract to the phospholipid exerted some effects stabilizing the barrier function of the membrane and increasing the fluidity of the membrane in proportion to the concentration of additive. These results suggest that the activities of the Angelica Radix extract to enhance stability and fluidity of the liposomal membrane might have implication in their biological activities.

뇌졸중 후 치매환자에서 도네피질(아리셉트^(?))이 인지기능 및 일상생활 수행능력, 삶의 질에 미치는 효과

이상열,장혁,송재은,조성옥,류정미,이미경,조진호,신용일 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2008 圓光醫科學 Vol.23 No.1

Background: This study evaluated the efficacy of administering Donepezil(Aricept^(?)) for improving cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with post-stroke dementia. Methods: Patients(n=99; mean age, 69.89 years; 48.5% men) with post-stroke dementia, according to criteria of the DSM-IV and MRI, were treated with donepezil 5mg/day or 10mg/day during 24 weeks. They were examined using Mini-mental Status Examination(MMSE), Chinical Dementia Rating(CDR), Barthel Activities of daily living(B-ADL), Instrumental Activities of daily living(I-ADL), Short Form 36 Health Survey-Korean(SF-36-K), and Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) at before treatment and 24 weeks after treatment. Results: The 97 patients completed the trial. At 24 weeks, they showed significant improvement in MMSE(p<0.001), CDR(p<0.001), B-ADL(p=0.002), I-ADL(p<0.001), and SF-36-K(p=0.003) except GDS(p=0.288). Donepezil was well tolerated. There was no withdrawal due to adverse events. Conclusion: This results demonstrate that donepezil was beneficial in improving the cognitive function, activities of daily living, and quality of life in patients with post-stroke dementia and was well toleraetd.

상호운용성 지원을 위한 이동 에이전트 시스템 설계

정성옥,이정기,홍성표,송기범,이준 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2002 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.5 No.1

A mobile agent is a computer program that acts autonomously on behalf of a person or organization and that has the unique ability to transport itself from one system in a network to another. An agent system is a platform that can create, interpret, execute, transfer and terminate agents. But, most current mobile agent systems adopted their own architectures, being implemented in various ways. Since those agent systems provide different interfaces, agens created in one mobile agent system could not move to other agent systems perform their task. To solve this problem, interoperability becomes one of the important issues on mobile agent systems. The OMG(Object management Group) proposed: the MAF(Mobile Agent Facility) specification for the interoperability among heterogeneous mobile agent systems. The MAF specification contains MAFAgentSystem and MAFFinder interfaces, and defines agent management, code mobility and naming rule. In this paper, we propose an execution model that can execute mobile agents within an agent system and migrate them to a remote agent system as conforming MAF, and design the structure and functions of its agent system. Our model uses Java and CORBA ORB in its the implementation and exploits their characteristics appropriately. Specifically its agents beside its clients can spawn child agents and control other agents.

영어 부가의문문 소고

원성옥,박일송 慶南大學校 人文科學硏究所 1996 人文論叢 Vol.8 No.-

감염 조절용 차단막의 두께가 광중합기의 중합광에 미치는 영향

장훈상,이석련,홍성옥,류현욱,송창규,민경산 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

연구목적: 본 연구는 감염 조절용 차단막을 여러 겹으로 사용했을 때 광중합기의 광강도와 파장, light diffusion 등에 미치는 영향에 대해 조사하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 감염 조절용 차단막은 투명 랩 (크린랩)을 사용하였고 광중합기는 할로겐 광중합기 (Optilux 360)와 LED 광중합기 (Elipar FreeLight 2)를 사용하였다. 차단막을 1겹, 2겹, 4겹, 8겹으로 광중합기의 광섬유말단을 감싸고 휴대용 광강도 측정기 (Cure Rite)로 광중합기의 광강도를 측정하였다. 광중합기를 주문제작한 optical breadboard에 고정시킨 후 휴대용 spectroradiometer (CS-1000)를 이용하여 광중합기의 파장을 측정하였고, DSLR (Nikon D70s)을 이용하여 광중합기의 light diffusion을 사진 촬영하였다. 결과: 광강도 측정 결과는 차단막의 두께가 증가할수록 광강도가 유의하게 감소하였으나 할로겐 광중합기에서 1겹과 2겹 사이에는 유의차가 없었으며, 4겹 이상의 차단막을 투과할 때 광강도가 더 많이 감소하였다. 여러 겹의 차단막을 투과한 광중합기의 전체적인 파장 형태와 peak wavelength의 변화는 관찰되지 않았다. Light diffusion 사진 촬영 시, LED 광중합기에서는 차단막의 두께가 미치는 영향이 없었으나 할로겐 광중합기에서는 차단막을 4겹 사용했을 때부터 중합광이 조사되는 각도가 감소하기 시작하여 8겹 사용했을 때 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있었다 (p < 0.05). 결론: 광중합형 복합레진을 광중합할 경우 감염 조절용 차단막이 찢어지는 경우를 대비하여 1겹으로 사용하기 보다는 2겹으로 사용하는 것이 환자간의 교차감염을 예방하는데 유리할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of infection control barrier thickness on power density, wavelength, and light diffusion of light curing units. Materials and Methods: Infection control barrier (Cleanwrap) in one-fold, two-fold, four-fold, and eightfold, and a halogen light curing unit (Optilux 360) and a light emitting diode (LED) light curing unit (Elipar FreeLight 2) were used in this study. Power density of light curing units with infection control barriers covering the fiberoptic bundle was measured with a hand held dental radiometer (Cure Rite). Wavelength of light curing units fixed on a custom made optical breadboard was measured with a portable spectroradiometer (CS-1000). Light diffusion of light curing units was photographed with DSLR (Nikon D70s) as above. Results: Power density decreased significantly as the layer thickness of the infection control barrier increased, except the one-fold and two-fold in halogen light curing unit. Especially, when the barrier was four-fold and more in the halogen light curing unit, the decrease of power density was more prominent. The wavelength of light curing units was not affected by the barriers and almost no change was detected in the peak wavelength. Light diffusion of LED light curing unit was not affected by barriers, however, halogen light curing unit showed decrease in light diffusion angle when the barrier was four-fold and statistically different decrease when the barrier was eight-fold (p < 0.05). Conclusions: It could be assumed that the infection control barriers should be used as two-fold rather than one-fold to prevent tearing of the barriers and subsequent cross contamination between the patients.

토마스 베른하르트의 작품에 나타난 죽음과 유머

李相旭,洪性玉 동아대학교 인문과학대학 인문과학연구소 1995 인문과학연구 Vol.- No.2

Thomas Bernhard ist in den letzten Jahren zu einem der meist diskutierten Autoren in Deutschland aufgeruckt. Aber er bleibt ein wenig bekannter Autor in Korea. Ich habe mich deshalb in dieser Abhandlung zum Ziel gesetzt, die Prosawerke Bernhards zu analysieren und seine humoristkche Attitude zu untersuchen. Bemhard erfa¨hrt die Frage nach dem Sinn des Lebens, die zugleich die Antwort auf die Frage nach dem Sinn des Todes und die Identitat dieser Knsensituation vollzieht sich in dieser Werk, um den Tod zu entgehen, ein volliger und radikaler Prospektivwechsel. Die Kunst Bernhards mundet in ein allgemeine Gela¨chter ein. Die humoristische Attitude, die einzig mo¨gliche Antwort, scheint noch die Verzweiflung bannen zu konnen, ohne daβ durch sie Vers¨ohnung und Einversta¨ndnis mit den Zustanden sich einstellt. Erst aus dieser Entwichkung ist es mo¨glich, die Aggressivita¨t des Werkes Bernhards abzuleiten. Er scheint aber die Moglichkeit zur Verso¨hnung verspielt, so wird das Lachen zunehmend aggressiver, bitterer und ho¨hnischer. Besonders im Grotesken wird neben das Lachen das Grauen gestellt, indem es eine untrennbare Beziehung mit der Sinnlosigkeit eingeht, diese gesellschaftskntisch plakatiert, urn den Sheein der moralischen Forderungen vo¨llig zu entlarven und die anarchistische Lust an der Zersto¨rung des U¨berkommenen auszuleben. Wa¨hrend das Grauen deabei auf den Verlust dieser moralischen Forderungen mit Erschrecken reagiert, kommt dem Lachen dann die Funktion zu, die Distanz wieder herzustellen. Man ko¨nnte desen Vorgang in Bernhards A¨sthetik thesenhaft wie folgt zu erfassen versuchen : konfrontiert mit bestimmten, nicht beantwortbaren Fragen, die ihn die eigene wie auch allgemeine Knsensituation des Geistes erfassen lassen, bleibt ihmn nur das Lachen als letzte AntwortmO¨glichkeit u¨brig. Beides nun, sowohl die Dringlichkeit der Fragen, wie auch das Lachen als Unemst-Machen, konserviert er in seinen schriftstellerischen Bemuhungen, wobei er sich von den drangenden Problemen distanziert.