한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

建築副産物의 原單位 算定에 관한 硏究

김성순,탁성제,김갑진 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1995 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Since the amount of solid waste from construction depends mainly on its type and scale as regional development condition, the estimation of the total amount of the construction waste is actually difficult. The approximate computation of the total amount of the construction waste is able to be estimated by determining the amount of the construction waste per unit area(the unit construction waste). However, in Korea, the unit construction waste has not been set up yet. In this study, the unit construction waste, which is classified into the case of construction and the case of demolition, is established on the bases of the existing various kinds of actual data and the investigation data.

상순과 턱의 수직 비율(vertical lip-chin ration)에 대한 선호도 조사

권성준,최갑림,임성훈,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.5

일반인들이 선호하는 상순과 턱의 수직 비율(Sn-Stm/Stm-Me')을 알아보기 위해 남녀 각 2명의 연조직 측모(profile)를 상순과 턱의 수직비율에 따라 상악의 변화없이 하악만을 변화시켜 1/1.8, 1/1.9, 1/2.0, 1/2.1, 1/2.2 비율의 5개의 측모 사진을 만들어 치과의사 44명(남자 22명. 여자 22명)과 일반인 430명(남자 303명, 여자 127명)을 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 통하여 선호도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 대상의 가장 선호하는 안모에 대한 성별간의 선호도 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 대상의 가장 선호하는 안모에 대한 치과의사와 일반인 집단간의 선호도 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 남녀 측모 모두에서 가장 선호하는 측모의 상순과 턱의 비율은 1/1.9이었으며 가장 선호하지 않는 비율은 1/2.2 로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 이전의 연구 비해 상순과 턱의 수직비율에서 턱의 비율이 다소 작은 측모, 즉 상순과 턱의 수직 비율이 1/1.9인 안모를 가장 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the preference of Vertical Lip-Chin Ratio (= Sn-Stm /Stm-Me' hereafter VLCR) in Koreans. The assessors consisted of 44 dentists (male 22, female 22) and 430 lay persons (male 303, female 127). The survey was performed using a questionnaire asking the order of preference. The profiles presented in the questionnaire were based on the profiles of two males and two females, each morphed according to the VLCRs of 1/1.8, 1/1.9, 1/2.0, 1/2.1, 1/2.2. The results were as follows: The difference between males and females, and the difference between dentists and lay persons in the preference of VLCR were not statistically apparent. The most preferred VLCR was 1/1.9, and the least preferred VLCR was 1/2.2. These results indicate that the preferred VLCR is smaller than the previously reported VLCR ratios based, on the cephalometric evaluation of samples with favorable facial esthetics.

조선업 근로자의 목부위 자각증상의 유병률과 관련 요인

박종,김기순,강명근,류소연,이철갑,강성득,김철호 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2004 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.29 No.1

Background and Objectives : This study examined prevalence and related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms on area of necks of shipbuilding workers in order to prevent musculoskeletal disorder and find out its managerial plans. Materials and Methods : this study targeted 1, 159 male shipbuilding workers who work for large suipbuilding companies, and interviewed them using organized questionnaire having short answer questions in February, 2003. Results: The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (pains, anesthesia, and numbness) of the subjects was 16.0% on necks. As a result of multiple logistic regression analysis, the following results were obtained : sleeping hours, working departments, extra working hours, perceived amount of working, availability of dispensary were significantly related with symptoms on neck. When the variables that had significant relation with prevalence of neck area symptoms were analysed health behavior, it was found that the odds ratio of the group who had more than sufficient sleeping hours was 1.70 times higher than that of the group who had not. When they were examined in terms of occupational characteristics, the odds ratio of the subcontract company workers was 0.44 times lower than that of the parent company workers, and that of the group who had two hours of extra working hours was 1.78 times higher than that of the group who did not. The odds ratio of the group who thought the perceived working amount was slightly over the proper level was 1.49 time higher, and that of the group who thought it was excessively over the proper level was 3.21 times significantly higher. The odds ratio of the group who thought availability of dispensary was moderate was 1.84 times significantly higher than that of the group who thought it was easy. Conclusion : It was found that 16.0% of shipbuilding workers had musculoskeletal symptoms on neck, and their deom-sociological, occupational, and socio-psychological characteristics affected the symptoms. Therefore, to decrease musculoskeletal symptoms of shipbuilding workers, wording and socio-psychological condition should be improved by considering related factors of the workers.

피로와 의료이용, 업무상 사고 및 질병결근

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,정진주,이철갑,강명근,현숙정,조정진,차봉석,박종구 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study examined the relationship of fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project, 2002~2004). A total of 30,146 employees categorized within the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were recruited. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess the participants' sociodemo-graphics, job-related factors, health-related behaviors, personality trait, self=perceived fatigue (MFS) and the frequency of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Data on medical utilization and occupational accident were confirmed from company health records. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to elucidate the relationship of self-perceived fatigue to medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence. Results: In logistic regression analyses, self-perceived fatigue was associated with medical utilization (outpatient), occupational accident and sickness absence although the strength of the associations was higher in the blue collar workers except for medical utilization. For medical utilization, the white collar worker's adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the third quartile and the highest quartile, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were 1.50 (95% CI: 1.20-1.87) and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.69-2.75), respectively. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of outpatient utilization for workers scoring in the second (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.06-1.43), third (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.22-1.66) and highest quartile (OR:1.83, 95% CI: 1.55-2.17), respectively, compared to workers scoring in the lowest quartile were statistically significant. However, no associations were found between fatigue and inpatient utilization for either the white or blue collar workers. The blue collar workers' adjusted odds ratios of being injured for workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.00-2.00), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.10-2.22) and 2.41 (95% CI: 1.69-3.44), respectively, compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile, but, those of the white collar workers were not significant. There was more likely to an increased risk of sickness absence in workers scoring in the second, third and highest quartile compared to those scoring in the lowest quartile in both white and blue collar workers, but the magnitudes of risk were higher in the blue collar workers than the white collars workers. Conclusion: This result suggests that fatigue is a determinant predictor of medical utilization, occupational accident and sickness absence, and that the pattern of risks for the three outcomes differs according to the occupational type. Some limitations of this study and considerations for future study were also discussed.

Longitudinal Outcomes of the Application of Non-Selective Beta-Blockers in Portal Hypertension: Real Life Data in Gangwon-Do Province

( Seong Hee Kang ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Minjong Lee ),( Baek Gyu Jun ),( Tae Suk Kim ),( Dae Hee Choi ),( Ki Tae Suk ),( Young Don Kim ),( Gab Jin Cheon ),( Soon Koo Baik ),( Dong Joon Kim ) 대한간학회 2018 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2018 No.1

Aims: The effect of non-selective β-blockers (NSBB) on survival in cirrhosis is still disputed. Moreover, most physicians use low-dose NSBB for cirrhosis due to decreased systemic pressures. We investigates whether low-dose NSBB can have beneficial effects in cirrhosis and the NSBB impact on survival in both primary prophylaxis (PP) and secondary prophylaxis (SP). Methods: We conducted study involving 890 consecutive patients with/without NSBB treatment in either PP or SP; 596 patients in PP (NSBB = 371, non-NSBB = 225) and 291 patients in SP (NSBB = 217, non-NSBB = 74). The NSBB group was divided into two sub-groups: low-dose NSBB group (≤ 80 mg) and high-dose NSBB group (> 80 mg). Results: In the PP group, 273 received only NSBB, while 98 received NSBB + endoscopic band ligation (EBL) in NSBB patients; 170 patients were in the low-dose and 201 patients were in the high-dose group. During the median follow-up of 40.0 months (Interquartile range [IQR], 15.0-58.8), NSBB showed similar survival rates to non-NSBB (log-rank, P=0.685). In addition, there was no difference in survival between low-dose NSBB compared to high-dose NSBB (log-rank, P=0.311). In the SP group, 217 received NSBB + EBL among the NSBB patients; 87 patients in the low-dose group and 130 patients in the high-dose group. The probability of survival was higher in patients who received NSBB (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis also revealed that NSBB significantly prolonged survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.490; P<0.001). However, overall survival did not significantly differ between low-dose NSBB and high-dose NSBB (P=0.131). Conclusions: In cirrhosis, NSBB therapy was associated with a reduced risk of mortality in SP but not in PP. Moreover, our study showed that there was a similar effect on survival when low-dose NSBB was used in SP.

Longitudinal Outcomes of Application of Non-Selective Beta-Blockers in Portal Hypertension with Real- Life Multicenter Data

( Seong Hee Kang ),( Minjong Lee ),( Moon Young Kim ),( Seul Ki Han ),( Jun Hyeok Lee ),( Baek Gyu Jun ),( Tae Suk Kim ),( Dae Hee Choi ),( Ki Tae Suk ),( Young Don Kim ),( Gab Jin Cheon ),( Dong Joon 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1

Aims: This study investigated the effect of non-selective ß-blockers (NSBB) in real-life situations and whether low-dose NSBB is beneficial compared to maximally tolerated doses. Methods: Study participant of 890 were divided into two groups: primary prophylaxis (PP) and secondary prophylaxis (SP); 595 in the PP group (NSBB = 370, non-NSBB = 225) and 291 in the SP group (NSBB = 217, non-NSBB = 74). The NSBB group was sub-divided into 2 groups: low-dose (≤ 80 mg) and high-dose (>80 mg). Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement was performed before NSBB treatment in the majority of patients (n=803). Results: In the PP group, 272 patients received NSBB only, while 98 patients received NSBB plus endoscopic band ligation (EBL) (low-dose NSBB, n=170; high-dose NSBB, n=200). The NSBB group showed similar survival rates to the non-NSBB group. However, NSBB was partially effective for patients who had clinically significant portal hypertension (CSPH, HVPG ≥10 mmHg: hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; P=0.02) or CTP class B/C (HR, 0.59; P=0.01). The low-dose NSBB had significant reductions in the risk of mortality compared with the non-NSBB (HVPG ≥10 mmHg: HR, 0.55; P=0.02 and CTP class B/C: HR, 0.52; P=0.01), but effect size was weaker in the high-dose NSBB. In the SP group, 217 received NSBB plus EBL (low-dose NSBB, n=87; high-dose NSBB, n=130). NSBB prolonged survival regardless of the severity of portal hypertension (adjusted HR, 0.56; P<0.001). The low-dose NSBB had a greater benefit with a 58% risk reduction in mortality compared to a 39% risk reduction in mortality in the high-dose NSBB. Conclusions: NSBB therapy was partially associated with longer survival in patients of the PP group with CSPH. In the SP group, NSBB therapy improved survival, and relatively low-dose NSBB had a greater benefit than standard-titrated high-dose NSBB.

복합 이상지혈증에서 HMG CoA 환원효소 억제제와 fibrate 병합요법의 효과와 안정성

김상민 ( Kim Sang Min ),이경은 ( Lee Gyeong Eun ),이성호 ( Lee Seong Ho ),정갑성 ( Jeong Gab Seong ),김성진 ( Kim Seong Jin ),이광제 ( Lee Gwang Je ),김상욱 ( Kim Sang Ug ),김태호 ( Kim Tae Ho ),고홍숙 ( Go Hong Sug ),김치정 ( Kim 대한내과학회 2003 대한내과학회지 Vol.65 No.6

목적: 복합 이상지혈증은 총콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 (LDL-C)과 중성지방 농도가 모두 상승되어 있는 질환으로, 관동맥 질환의 위험인자이다. 이를 조절하기 위해서는 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A 환원효소억제제 (statin)와 fibrate 혹은 niacin의 병합요법이 필요하나 이들을 동시에 사용하였을 경우에 횡문근융해 등의 근증이나 간기능 이상 등의 부작용이 증가할 것을 염려하여 임상에서 기피되는 경향이 있다 Background: The combination therapy of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor (statin) and fibrate is more effective than each ones in managing combined dyslipidemia. However, this therapy tends to be avoided due to potential risk of rhabdomyolysis. The aim of the s

만성췌장염에 침범한 방선균증: 증례 보고 및 문헌고찰

여승재 ( Seong Jae Yeo ),조창민 ( Chang-min Cho ),정민규 ( Min Kyu Jung ),김기주 ( Ki Ju Kim ),김명희 ( Myung Hi Kim ),조승현 ( Seung Hyun Cho ),김갑철 ( Gab Chul Kim ),서안나 ( An Na Seo ) 대한소화기학회 2017 대한소화기학회지 Vol.69 No.3

Actinomycosis is a slowly progressive, chronic infectious disease. It is caused by the genus Actinomyces, which are gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. It presents as a mass-like lesion, composed of bacterial nidus and characteristic granulomatous inflammatory fibrosis. As such, it has frequently been mistaken for a malignancy. Surgical resection is a common procedure in these patients prior to a definite diagnosis. Although actinomycosis can occur in a variety of regions, including oral-cervicofacial, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities, the involvement of the pancreas is very rare. We report a case of a 44-year-old male with a symptomatic actinomycosis caused by a mass in the tail of the pancreas. The diagnosis was made using an endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy without surgical resection. After the treatment with antibiotics, the pancreatic mass was confirmed to be resolved on the follow-up computed tomography. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2017;69:191-195)

경영자 보상의 결정요인에 관한 연구

김성갑 ( Kim Seong-gab ),이진수 ( Lee Jin-soo ),서정구 ( Seo Jeong-gu ) 한국세무회계학회 2017 세무회계연구 Vol.0 No.53

본 연구는 경영자 보상을 총 보상, 현금보상, 스톡옵션 보상으로 나누어 이러한 경영자 보상을 결정하는 요인이 무엇인지 실증 분석 하였다. 표본의 구성은 2009년~2016년 유가증권 시장에 상장된 제조 기업을 대상으로 기업특성을 재무적 특성, 수익적 특성, 성장성 특성, 통제변수로 나누어 이러한 기업특성 변수들과 경영자 보상과의 관계를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경영자 보상 중 총 보상과 현금보상은 재무적 특성중 기업의 총자산이 증가할수록 유동비율과 부채비율이 감소할수록 증가하며, 수익적 특성으로는 ROA, WAGE, CFO가 감소할수록 ALT, RET가 증가할수록 증가하며, 성장성 특성으로 총자산 증가율이 감소할수록 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 둘째, 스톡옵션 보상은 재무적 특성중 기업의 총자산이 증가할수록 유동비율이 증가할수록 증가하며, 수익적 특성으로는 CFO가 감소할수록 증가하며, 성장성 특성으로 매출액 증가율이 증가할수록 종업원증가율이 감소할수록 증가하는 결과를 보였다. 본 연구의 공헌점은 경영자 보상을 총 보상, 현금보상, 스톡옵션 보상으로 나누어 이러한 보상의 결정요인을 분석하였으며, 제조기업의 경영자 보상체계에 대한 이해도를 제고 할 수 있다는 것이며, 본 연구의 주제와 관련한 법 제정과 기업의 보상체계를 결정하는데 도움을 줄 것으로 기대된다. This study divided management compensation into total compensation, cash compensation, and stock option compensation. We analyze the factors that determine manager compensation. The period of the sample is from 2009 to 2016. And the manufacturing companies listed on the securities market are included. The characteristics of the firm are divided into financial characteristics, profitability characteristics, growth characteristics, and control variables. We analyze the relationship between these characteristics and manager compensation. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, in terms of total compensation and cash compensation, with respect to financial characteristics, total compensation and cash compensation increase as the total assets of the firm increases, as the current ratio and the debt ratio decrease. For profitability characteristics, total compensation and cash compensation increase as the ROA, WAGE, and CFO decrease, the ALT and RET increase. For growth characteristics, total compensation and cash compensation decrease as the growth rate of total assets increases. Second, in terms of stock option compensation, with respect to financial characteristics, as the total assets of the firm increases and as the current ratio increases, stock option compensation increases. For the profitability, as the CFO decreases, the stock option compensation increases. For growth, as the sales growth ratio increased and as the employee growth rate decreased, stock option compensation increased.