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치아의 순(협)설 경사도 변화에 따라 파노라마 방사선 사진에 나타난 치아 길이 및 각도 변화
최갑림,임성훈,김광원,김재덕 대한치과교정학회 2007 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.37 No.2
파노라마 방사선 사진은 치아 및 주위 조직에 대한 많은 정보를 제공해 주며 교정치료 동안에도 치근의 근원심 경사도나 길이 평가를 위해 흔히 이용되고 있지만 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 보이는 치아의 근원심 각도와 길이는 순(협)설 경사도에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 치아의 근원심 경사도를 정상교합자의 평균 근원심 각도로 유지하면서 순(협)설 경사도만 변화시킬 때 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 각 치아의 근원심 경사도와 길이가 어떻게 변화되는지 알아보고자 하였다. 성인 정상 교합자 30명의 평균 악궁을 기초로 하여 아크릴 모델을 제작한 후 치아를 대신하는 와이어를 정상 근원심 및 순(협)설 경사도(I°)로 식립하고 여기에 순(협)설 경사도만 I-15°에서 I+15°까지 5°씩 변화시켜 파노라마 방사선 사진을 촬영한 후 방사선 사진에 나타난 와이어의 길이와 각도를 각각 계측하였다. 와이어를 정상 근원심 및 순(협)설 각도로 식립했을 때 방사선 사진에서 계측된 길이는 중절치, 측절치, 견치의 경우 실제 길이의 111% ~ 117%의 확대율을 보였고, 소구치와 대구치에서는 121% ~ 125%의 확대율을 보였다. 이 때 근원심 경사도는 그대로 유지하면서 순(협)설 경사도만 I-15°(순측경사)에서 I+15°(설측경사)로 변화시킨 경우 중절치 (p < 0.01)와 측절치 (p < 0.05)에서만 유의한 확대율 증가를 보였다. 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 치아의 경사도는 대부분 실제 근원심 경사도보다 더 크게 즉 원심경사된 것으로 계측되었고, 이러한 원심경사 경향은 측절치와 견치에서 가장 크게 나타났으며, 제1, 2소구치의 I+10°, I+15° 그룹과 제1, 2대구치의 I+15° 그룹에서만 실제 근원심 각도보다 더 작게, 즉 근심 경사된 것으로 계측되었다. 또한 순(협)설 경사도의 변화에 따라 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 모든 치아의 근원심 각도가 유의한 변화를 보였는데, 순(협)설 경사도가 작아질수록, 즉 순(협)측 경사될수록 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 더 원심경사되어 나타났다. 따라서 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 중절치와 측절치의 치아 길이와 모든 치아의 근원심 경사도를 평가할 때 치아의 순(협)설 경사도에 따라 영향을 받기 때문에 이를 고려해야 할 것이다. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine how the mesio-distal angulation and the length of each tooth changes on panoramic radiograph at different bucco-lingual inclinations. Methods: After constructing an acrylic model based on the mean arch of 30 adults with normal occlusion, the wire was placed in the center of the teeth on the acrylic model. First, the wire was implanted in normal angulation and inclination and a panoramic radiograph taken. After changing the inclination from I-15° to I+15° by 5°, a panoramic radiograph was taken again and the mesio-distal angle and wire length on the panoramic radiograph were assessed. Results: When the wire was implanted at the normal angulation and inclination, the length measured in the panoramic radiograph was magnified 111 ~ 117% from the original length in the anterior region and 121 ~ 125% in the posterior region. Only the central and lateral incisors showed significant length differences when the inclination was changed from I-15° to I+15° at fixed angulation. When the inclination was changed from I-15° to I+15°, the angulation of most teeth on panoramic radiograph appeared to be more disto-angulated than in reality, and the lateral incisor and canine showed the largest difference. Only I-15°, I+15° groups of premolars and I+15° group of molars showed more mesio-angulation than in reality. As the labio(bucco)lingual inclination of all teeth were decreased, tooth angulation in the panoramic radiograph appeared to be more disto-angulated. Conclusion: The labio-liugual inclination of teeth should be considered because it affects panoramic image of teeth, such as length of incisors and angulation of other teeth.
최갑림,현규환,신동영 한국자원식물학회 2014 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.27 No.1
Varietal distances were measured by Mahalanobis’s D 2 statistics in 190 possible comparisons among twenty varieties of Prunus mume with twelve characters such as seed weight, length, width, and diameter, fruit weight, and number of sepals, petals, pistils, and stigmas, and leaf length and width. A complete linkage cluster analysis based on the Mahalanobis’s distance (D 2 ) was attempt. Twenty varieties of Prunus mume were largely classified into five subgroups. Group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ included two, four, five, five and four varieties, respectively. Most of the varietal groups were not associated with their geographical origins. Number of stigmas, and leaf length and width among the twelve characters were the largest contributors to the D 2 in both intra-and inter groups. 양적 형질을 중심으로 다변량 분석법에 의해 매실 품종들 간의 유전적 거리를 추정하고 이에 기초한 클러스터 분석을 실시하여 품종을 분류하였다. Mahalanobis’s distance (D)에 의하여 공시한 20개 품종을 5개 군으로 대별해 볼 수 있었는데, 제1군이 2품종, 제2군이 4품종, 제3군이 5품종, 제4군이 5품종, 제5군이 4품종으로 그룹을 형성하였다. 제1군과 제2군은 꽃잎 수와 암술 수가 많은 품종인 반면에 제3군과 제4군은 엽장과 엽폭은 높으나 꽃잎 수와 암술 수가 낮은 품종군이었다. 지리적 분포와 유전적 변이는 직접적인 관련이 없었다. 품종군 내, 품종 간의 D2에 가장 크게 영향을 미친 형질은 암술 수와 엽장 및 엽폭이었다.
부신 제거 백서에 티타늄 임플랜트 매식후 주위 골형성에 관한 연구
최갑림,김종렬,박봉수,성일용 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2000 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.22 No.3
The use of dental implants has increased tremendously in recent years and is expected to increase even more in the future. The successful outcome of any implant procedure is surely dependent on interrelationship of the various components of an equation that includes biocompatibility of implant material, macroscopic and microscopic nature of the implant surface, the status of implant bed, surgical technique, undisturbed healing phase and subsequent prosthetic design and long-term loading phase. The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of adrenalectomy on the osseointegration of pure titanium implants. Seventy rats, 11 weeks of age, were divided into two groups : an adrenalectomized group and a control group. Titanium screw implant(diameter, 2.0mm ; length, 3.5mm) was placed into left tibia of 70 rats, 35 in control group and 35 in the experimental group. The rats were sacrificed at different time interval (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation) for histopathologic observation, histomorphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry with fibronectin and CD44 antibody. The results obtained from this study were as follows : 1.Histopathogically, findings, newly formed bone was seen at 3 weeks control group and became lamellar bone at 12 weeks. At 6 weeks, lipocytes were observed in bone marrow space. Thickness of regenerated trabecular bone increased till 6 weeks after then, that decreased gradually. 2.By histomorphometric analysis, marrow bone density and contact ratio of marrow bone to implant decreased significantly from 8 to 12 weeks in experimental group compared to control group and also total bone to implant contact ratio decreased significantly from 4 to 12 weeks in experimental group compared to control group. 3.Fibronectin immunoreactivity was very strong at 3 and 4 weeks control group. And after that reduced gradually. But it was continuously strong from 1 to 12 weeks experimental group. 4.CD44 immunoreactivity was very strong in the newly formed osteoblasts at 3 and 4 weeks control group. But it reacted minimally later. However, it reacted continuously strong from 3 to 12 weeks experimental group. From these results, bone to implant contact ratio decreased gradually from 4 weeks in adrenalectomized group compared to control group. CD44 and fibronectin immunoreactivities were strong at all times in adrenalectomized rats. Therefore, it could be stated that immature bone remained continuously for a long time and not readily proceeded into mature status.
최갑림,양동규,김종렬 大韓顎顔面成形外科學會 1989 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.11 No.1
The buccal mucosa is an effevtive and versatile intraoral grafting material. For adequate reconst ruction of avulsed lip, restoration of natural appearance and adequate lip function should be done. We treated avulsed upper lip defect which had been affected underlying orbicularis oris muscle as well as vermilion border. We chose cheek mucosa for upper lip reconstruction and performed surgical correction of avulsed upper lip with pedicled buccal mucosal flap. The result was very good because of its superior color and texture matching to remaining yermilion tissue.