Association between Socioeconomic Status and Altered Appearance Distress, Body Image, and Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Patients

Chang, Oliver,Choi, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Im-Ryung,Nam, Seok-Jin,Lee, Jeong Eon,Lee, Se Kyung,Im, Young-Hyuck,Park, Yeon Hee,Cho, Juhee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Background: Breast cancer patients experience a variety of altered appearance - such as loss or disfigurement of breasts, discolored skin, and hair loss - which result in psychological distress that affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among Korean breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at advocacy events held at 16 different hospitals in Korea. Subjects were eligible to participate if they were 18 years of age or older, had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and had no psychological problems at the time of the survey. Employment status, marital status, education, and income were assessed for patient socioeconomic status. Altered appearance distress was measured using the NCI's cancer treatment side effects scale; body image and quality of life were measured by the EORTC QLC-C30 and BR23. Means and standard deviations of each outcome were compared by socioeconomic status and multivariate linear regression models for evaluating the association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life. Results: A total of 126 breast cancer patients participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 47.7 (SD=8.4). Of the total, 83.2% were married, 85.6% received more than high school education, 35.2% were employed, and 41% had more than $3000 in monthly household income. About 46% had mastectomy, and over 30% were receiving either chemotherapy or radiation therapy at the time of the survey. With fully adjusted models, the employed patients had significantly higher altered appearance distress (1.80 vs 1.48; p<0.05) and poorer body image (36.63 vs 51.69; p<0.05) compared to the patients who were unemployed. Higher education (10.58, standard error (SE)=7.63) and family income (12.88, SE=5.08) was positively associated with better body image after adjusting for age, disease stage at diagnosis, current treatment status, and breast surgery type. Similarly, patients who were married and who had higher education had better quality of life were statistically significant in the multivariate models. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life in Korean women with breast cancer. Patients who suffer from altered appearance distress or lower body image are much more likely to experience psychosocial, physical, and functional problems than women who do not, therefore health care providers should be aware of the changes and distresses that these breast cancer patients go through and provide specific information and psychosocial support to socioeconomically more vulnerable patients.

첫 경련이 간질 중첩증으로 발현된 소아의 특성

박석우(Seok Woo Park),장지연(Ji Yeon Chang),권영세(Young Se Kwon),홍영진(Young Jin Hong),손병관(Byong Kwan Son) 대한소아신경학회 2003 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.11 No.2

목 적 : 간질 중첩증은 신속한 치료를 요하는 신경학적 응급 질환으로 때로는 심각한 신경학적 후유증이 발생할 수 있으므로 원인 질환과 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 정확한 이해가 필요하다. 이에 저자들은 첫 경련이 간질 중첩증으로 발현된 소아의 원인, 임상 양상, 치료, 예후 및 신경학적 후유증의 발생 빈도의 연관 관계를 알아보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 7월부터 2002년 6월까지 인하대학교병원 소아과 및 응급실에서 첫 발작이 간질 중첩증으로 진단받은 1개월에서 5세 사이의 환아 25명을 대상으로 나이에 따른 분포, 원인 질환, 경련 형태, 지속 시간, 사용 약물, 뇌파 및 MRI의 소견, 예후를 기록지를 통하여 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 대상 환아의 남녀의 비는 2.1:1이었고 대상 환자 25명 중 남아 17명(68%), 여아 8명(32%)이었으며 연령은 20±1.6개월로 대부분 3세 이상(80%)에서 발생하였다. 2) 경련 형태는 전신 강직-간대형이 60%, 전신 강직형 16%, 부분 간대형이 16%, 부분 발작형이 8%이었다. 3) 원인 질환과 예후는 증후성인 경우가 64%였으며 특발성인 경우가 36%였다. 증후성의 경우 발열이 40%, 중추 신경계 감염이 20%, 허혈성 손상이 4%이었으며 원인 질환이 있는 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우와의 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 4) 경련의 지속시간은 30분-1시간이 17례(68%), 1-2시간이 4례(16%), 2시간 이상이 4례(16%) 이었다. 지속 시간이 짧을수록 예후가 좋은 경향을 보였다. 5) 사용 약물은 phenobarbital, phenytoin, midazolam, valium, valproic acid이었다. 약물 한 가지로 조절된 경우 13례(52%), 두 가지로 조절된 경우 11례(44%), 세 가지로 조절 된 경우 2례(4%)이었으며 세 군간의 예후를 비교해 보았을 때 한 가지로 조절된 군이 다른 군 보다 예후가 좋은 경향으로 나타났다. 6) 뇌파는 20례에서 시행하였는데 정상 7례(35%)이었고, 13례(65%)는 비정상이었다. 비정상은 전기적인 지속경련을 보인 경우 6례(30%), 배경파 이상을 보인 경우 6례(30%), 국소적인 간질파를 보인 경우 1례(5%)이었다. MRI는 19례에서 시행하였는데 정상 소견 10례(53%), 이상 소견 9례(47%)이었다. 7) 원인이 발열인 경우에서의 예후는 정상을 보인 경우가 6례, HHE를 보인 경우가 2례, 복합 부분 발작을 보인 경우가 1례, 정신 지체를 동반한 뇌성 마비가 1례였다. 결 론 : 첫 경련이 간질 중첩증으로 발현된 소아는 대부분 3세 이하였다. 경련 시간이 1시간 이내, 한 가지 항경련제로 경련이 조절되는 경우는 예후가 좋았고, 경련 시간이 1시간 이상이거나, 여러 가지 항경련제를 사용하거나, 원인 질환이 있는 경우는 예후가 나빴다. Purpose : Status epilepticus(SE) is a pediatric and neurologic emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prompt recognition and management are needed for successful outcomes. We evaluated, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis of the patients whose first seizure attacks were presented as SE. Methods : According to the department of pediatrics and the emergency room in Inha University Medical Center, there were a total of 25 children between 1 month and 5 years old who were diagnosed as status epilepticus from July 1996 to June 2002. Also, their medical records were reviewed and analyzed interms of age distribution, accompaning diseases, the types and duration of convulsion, medications, EEG and MRI findings and prognosis. Results : Twenty-five cases were studied. The mean age at the time of the diagnosis was 20±1.6 months and 80% of the patients were less than 3 years old. The most common type of the status epilepticus was generalized tonic clonic seizure comprising 15 cases(60%). 64% of the patients were symptomatic: fever(40%), CNS infection(20%), ischemic injury(4%) while 36% were idiopathic. Seizure attacks were terminated within an hour in seventeen patients(68%) and they controlled by one antiepileptic drug in thirteen patients(52%). Of the 20 EEGs, abnormal findings were shown in 13 cases(65%); namely, electrical seizure(30%), abnormal background(30%), and focal epileptiform discharge(5%). Of the 19 brain MRIs, abnormal findings were shown in 9 cases(47%). Conclusion : The children whose first seizure attack were presented as SE were less than 3 years old. The prognosis is good in that most of the seizure attacks were terminated within an hour and controlled by one epileptic drug. However those seizure attacks with longer duration, multiple antiepileptic druge and underlying causeare had poor prognosis.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains from kimchi in weaned piglet challenged with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica

송동철,Ji Hwan Lee,Kangheung Kim,오한진,Jae Woo An,Se Yeon Chang,조현아,Sehyun Park,Kyeongho Jeon,Yohan Yoon,유윤정,Younghyun Cho,Jin Ho Cho 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.3

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica (SE) infections in pigs are major source associated with enteric disease such as post weaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus in weaned piglets challenged with pathogen bacteria. In Experiment.1 90 weaned piglets with initial body weights of 8.53 ± 0.34 kg were assigned to 15 treatments for 2 weeks. The experiments were conducted two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with E. coli and SE, respectively and five levels of probiotics (Control, Lactobacillus plantarum [LA], Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 [38W], Pediococcus acidilactici K [PK], Lactobacillus reuteri PF30 [PF30]). In Experiment.2 a total of 30 weaned pigs (initial body weight of 9.84 ± 0.85 kg) were used in 4 weeks experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 groups in a randomized complete way with 2 pens per group and 3 pigs per pen. Supplementation of LA and 38W improved (p < 0.05) growth performance, intestinal pathogen bacteria count, fecal noxious odor and diarrhea incidence. In conclusion, supplementation of 38W strains isolated from white kimchi can act as probiotics by inhibiting E. coli and SE.

참외 흰가루병에 대한 살균제의 예방 및 치료효과 검정

장태현,류연주,임혜정,임수진,최미영,정병룡,김철웅,이용세 한국환경농학회 2006 한국환경농학회지 Vol.25 No.1

알코올에 의한 α-Tocopherol의 혈중 효소농도에 관한 연구

김동연,이상한,김창세,조만희 순천향의학연구소 1995 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.1 No.1

The α-tocopherol has an anti-oxidant and protective action of the liver tissue against free radical which results to hematological changes, tissue damage and metabolic disturbances. To investigate the effects of α-tocopherol on the alcohol administered rats(SD) the rats were divided 4 groups; control, alcohol, α-tocopherol, and both alcohol and α-tocopherol administration. The following results were obtained 1. In alcohol administered group the blood enzyme activities were higher than control and were significantly lower in α-tocopherol administered. The blood enzyme activities in both alcohol and α-tocopherol administered group were not significantly lower than alcohol adiministered group. 2. The liver enzyme activities in alcohol administered group were higher than control and were changed, especially GOT, ALP, LDH and CPK. The liver enzyme activities in both alcohol and α-tocopherol administered group were significantly lower than alcohol administered group. 3. From the above results there were found that the α-tocopherol has a protective action against liver damage due to administration of alcohol, which caused a free radical from the lipid peroxidation and also caused the increasing enzyme activities in the blood and the liver.

신경섬유종증 환자에게서 발생한 특발성 혈소판 감소증 1예

권세훈,김형호,강지인,장재혁,원경준,장재현,김상용,배학연 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.3

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a disease characterized by thrombocytopenia in peripheral blood with positive anti-platelet antibody titer, no splenomegaly, the presence of megakarocyte. The causes of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were usually related to autoimmune disease, infection and drugs. A 46-years-old man was admitted for evaluation of abdominal mass. He has many cafe-au-lait spots and nodules in almost skin for 30 years. Several years ago, he palpated mass in Lt. inguinal area. hIe has known the abdominal mass after checking abdomen CT in local clinic and visited our hospital for evaluation of abdominal mass. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, hematocrit 38.4 %, WBC 5,460 /㎣ (neutrophil 64.5%, lymphocyte 21.7%, monocyte 4.1%, eosinophil 5.4%), reticulocyte 0.7%, Platelet 52,000 /㎣, total protein 6.51 g/dL, albumin 3.80 g/dL, alkaline pohsphatase 161 IU/L, AST 110.7 IU/L, ALT 64.9 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.44 ㎎/dL, BUN 18.4 ㎎/dL, creatinine 0.79 ㎎/dL. Peripheral blood smear showed normocytic normochromic anemia, thrombocytopenia. Bone marrow aspiration smear showed normoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursor. The bone marrow biopsy section shows normocellular marrow (35%) for his age and mildly increasing myeloid cell lineage. We have experienced a case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a patient being in neurofibromatosis and therefore reporting it with documentary records. 저자들은 신경섬유종증 환자에서 특별한 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 특발성 혈소판 감소증이 발생한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

코퍼스에 기반한 한국 중학생의 영어 유의어 연어능력에 관한 연구

정연창,염지민,장세은 새한영어영문학회 2006 새한영어영문학 Vol.48 No.4

This study investigates Korean middle school students' collocation ability of English synonymous verbs and adjectives. The focus is on how well Korean middle school students understand the difference in collocation between these synonymous words. The subjects are a total of 73 middle school students. They are divided into two groups according to their grade on midterm exams, a high level group and a low level group. Five pairs of verbs and adjectives, such as look/see, tell/say, large/big, little/small, tall/high were tested. The results are as follows. First, students are better in adjectives than verbs. Second, there are some questions which are pretty easy and familiar, but students do not answer correctly. This indicates that simple exposure to sentences with these words is not enough for foreign learners to acquire the appropriate use of these five pairs of synonymous words. Third, it is found that learners' general English ability correlates with their collocation ability. Fourth, no regularity can be found in their errors. This means that English grammar is not fully internalized, so that they answer the questions according to fragmentary knowledge of English and their familiarity with some particular English expressions.

정신분열병 환자에서 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 관한 연구

안용민,김용식,정희연,신지용,윤세창,배안,이중서,주은정,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 저자들은 태생기 동안에 받는 유전외적 요인, 즉 환경적 요인이 산발성 정신분열병 환자들의 발병에 크게 관여할 것이라고 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위하여 형제 중 1인 이상이 발병하여 가족력을 분명히 알 수 있는 정신분열병 환자군(이하 형제 환자군)과 가족력이 없는 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(이하 산발성 환자군) 및 정상대조군을 대상으로 산과적 합병증, 신체미세기형 및 정신분열병의 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 연구 대상은 형제 환자군 43명(남 22명, 여 21명), 산발성 환자군 43명(남 23명, 여 20명), 정상대조군 43명(남 20명, 여 23명)이었다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 임상 양상으로서 발병 연령, 병전 기능 수준, 정신병리, 약물에 대한 반응, 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준, 지연성 운동장애의 유무를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 정상대조군과 정신분열병 환자군 전체를 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형의 총점과 각 소항목의 점수에 차이가 없었다. 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군을 비교하였을 때 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 출생 당시에 태아가 받은 스트레스 항목의 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형에서는 전체 점수 및 입의 미세기형 점수가 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 신체미세기형의 전체 점수가 4점 이상인 환자수도 산발성 환자군에서 높은 경향성을 보였다. 산과적 합병증과 신체미세기형 사이의 상호 연관성은 찾을 수 없었다. 정신분열병의 임상 양상 중에서는 Krawiecka 척도의 총점 및 양성 증상 점수와 회복시의 전반적 기능 수준만이 형제 환자군에 비해 산발성 환자군에서 유의하게 높았다. 성별에 따라서는 형제 환자군에서 남자 환자의 산과적 합병증이 유의하게 높았다. 결 론 : 본 연구를 통해 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형 연구가 정신분열병의 원인을 규명하기 위한 유용한 방법임이 시사되었지만, 가족력, 산과적 합병증 및 신체미세기형의 관련성에 대해서는 분명한 결론을 내리지 못하였다. The authors hypothesized that sporadic schizophrenic patients had more chances of receiving environmental insults during the fetal neural development compared with familial schizophrenics. We tested our hypothesis by comparing obstetric complications(OCs), minor physical anomalies(MPAs) and other clinical features, and examining the correlation between OCs and MPAs in schizophrenic patients who had one or more sibling with schizophrenia(sibling group) and sporadic schizophrenics(sporadic group) and normal controls. OCs were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and MPAs were measured by the Waldrop scale. There were no significant difference in OCs and MPAs between schizophrenic and control groups. Sporadic group had significantly higher fetal distress, total Waldrop score and Waldrop score for mouth than sibling group. And there was a tendency that the number of subjects having the Waldrop score over 4 points was greater in the sporadic group. No significant correlation was observed between CCs and MPAs. The scores of initial psychopathology and post-treatment functioning were much higher in the sporadic group, but the other clinical feature showed no difference. Although male patients had more OCs than female patients in sibling group, no sex difference were observed as a whole. Our results suggest that, if the methodological weakness were complemented, OCs and MPAs would be useful tools in the search for the cause of schizophrenia.

Seismic stratigraphic reconstruction of Plio-Quaternary depositional sequences on the continental shelf of Korea Strait

Yoo, Dong-Geun,Kim, Kyoung-Jin,Lee, Gwang-Soo,Kang, Nyeon-Keon,Yi, Bo-Yeon,Kim, Gil-Young,Chang, Se-Won,Kim, Han-Joon Elsevier 2017 Quaternary international Vol.459 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The Korea Strait is a seaway connecting the East Sea with the East China Sea. The Plio-Quaternary stratigraphy and sedimentation on the Korea Strait shelf was studied using a dense network of high-resolution, single-channel seismic reflection profiles. The shelf sequences above the acoustic basement consist of seven depositional sequences separated by erosional unconformities corresponding to falls in sea level. Individual sequences are characterized by well-stratified and complex sigmoid-oblique prograding reflection configurations, reflecting a history of upbuilding and outbuilding in response to repetitive transgressive and regressive events driven by sea level changes. During the regression to lowstand of sea level, lowstand prograding wedges were formed seaward along the present shelf margin, whereas during the highstand of sea level, as in the present condition, highstand deposits were deposited in the inner shelf along the coast. However, as the subsequent regression began, the inner-shelf highstand deposits were severely eroded out and/or formed a condensed section. Volumetrically, the forced regressive and lowstand systems tracts are the most important components of the Korea Strait. Consequently, the Plio-Quaternary sequence in this area consists of a succession of stacked progradational lowstand wedges, mainly formed during the regression and lowstand of sea level.</P>

도농간 교육격차 해소를 위한 농촌지역 유형별 교육혁신 추진과제 탐색

나승일,정철영,구자억,박행모,장호순,김진구,마상진,조단비,문세연 한국농업교육학회 2007 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.39 No.1

이 연구는 교육혁신에 대한 이론적 고찰을 토대로 농촌지역 교육혁신 성공요소를 도출하고, 농촌의 지역특성을 고려하여 도농간 교육격차 해소를 위한 농촌지역 유형별 추진과제를 제시하는 데 목적이 있었다. 연구목적 달성을 위해 문헌고찰 및 사례연구를 실시하였고, 연구결과의 타당성 확보를 위해 전문가협의회를 실시하였다. 농촌지역 교육혁신 성공요소는 마을공부방 운영 등 26개가 최종적으로 도출되었다. 또한 농촌지역 교육혁신모형을 개발하여 목표와 전략을 수립하고, 이를 기초로 농촌지역 유형별 추진과제를 제시하였다. 농촌지역 교육혁신의 비전은 "도농간 교육격차 해소를 위한 교육혁신 실현으로 살고 싶은 농촌지역 구현" 으로 설정하고, 이를 달성하기 위한 목표는 도시수준의 교육기회 제공, 농촌형 수월성 교육 추구, 지역 인적자원개발로 설정하였다. 농촌지역 유형별 중점적으로 추진해야 할 과제는 발전 농촌지역은 마을 공부방 운영 및 학습도우미 지원, 중간수준 농촌지역은 교육환경 개선, 장학금 지원 및 다양한 교육기회 제공, 저개발 농촌지역은 기존 지원 유지, 적극적 학습 지원 및 교원의 근무여건 개선, 도농복합 농촌지역에서는 교통편의 제공, 학습기회 개선 및 학부모의 교육참여 유도 등이 선정되었다. 그리고 농촌지역 유형별 중점 추진과제에 대한 단계별 로드맵과 이를 적용하기 위한 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. The purpose of this research was to derive success factors and explore actions plan for the education innovation of rural areas for releasing education gaps between urban and rural areas. For the purpose, the researcher carried out literature reviews and case analysis were conducted, and experts council were executed. As a result, 26 success factors for the education innovation of rural area were derived. And, this study suggested the education innovation model of rural area including goals and strategies to identify action plan for the education innovation by types of rural areas. The vision of the education innovation model was making the place pleasant to live in by doing education innovation for releasing education gaps between urban and rural areas. The goals of the education innovation model were to provide urban-level educational opportunities, to pursue rural-customized education for excellency and to develope local human resources. This study identified several core tasks corresponding to each rural area: additional establishment and operation of village study-rooms and support for learning assistant system for highly-developed rural areas; improvement of educational condition and provision of scholarship and various educational opportunities for middle-developed rural areas; maintenance of existing support, active learning-support and improvement of teachers' working conditions for lowly-developed rural areas; provision of traffic convenience, improvement of learning opportunities and promotion of parents' educational participation for urban-rural complex areas. Moreover, this study suggested roadmap according to action plan divided by types of rural areas, and political proposal for effective actualization of that.