정신분열병 환자의 가족부담 척도 개발에 대한 예비연구

김철권,조진석,서지민,김용관,김호찬,김현수,김상수,제영묘 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.3

연구목적 : 정신분열병 환자의 가족이 느끼는 부담을 측정하기 위한 가족부담 척도를 개발하기 위함이다. 방 법 : 200명의 정신분열병 환자 가족과의 비구조적 면담과 외국 부담척도 고찰을 통하여 94문항을 수집하였고 그 다음에 전문가들과 가족들이 문항 및 영역을 분류하고 통합하여 최종적으로 36문항을 선정하였다. 그리고 정신분열병 환자의 가족 135명, 불안장애 환자의 가족 22명, 기분부전장애 및 신체화 장애 환자의 가족 26명, 치매 환자의 가족 49명을 대상으로 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 결 과 : 자료분석 결과 검사-재검사 신뢰도, 내적 일치도, 감별타당도 모두 높게 나타났으며, 요인분석을 통해 다섯 가지 구성요인이 추출되었다. 결 론 : 본 가족부담 척도는 정신분열병을 포함한 만성 정신질환을 앓고 있는 환자의 호전과 가족의 부담을 덜어주기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 효과를 검증하는데 유용하게 사용되어질 수 있을 것이다. Objectives : This preliminary study was carried out to develop the Family Burden Scale(FBS) of the schizophrenics. Methods : Ninety-four items were collected by interviewing in a free unstructured format with one relative of each 200 schizophrenic patients and reviewing foreign FBS's. Several professionals and relatives were asked to group and integrate them into several categories. Finally 36 burden items were chosen to constitute a FBS. The FBS was administered to the relatives of 135 schizophrenic, 22 anxiety disorder, 26 dysthymic disorder and somatization disorder, and 49 dementia patients for examining the reliability and validity. Results : The FBS showed high test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. The results of the factor analysis revealed five-factor solution. Conclusion : The FBS can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various programs intended not only to reduce decompensation among schizophrenics, but also to alleviate family burden.

3차원 전산화단층촬영 영상을 이용한 안면 연조직 두께 계측의 임상적 유용성

정호걸,김기덕,한승호,허경석,이제범,박혁,최성호,김종관,박창서 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2006 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.36 No.2

Purpose : To evaluate clinical usefulness of facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D computed tomographic images. Materials and Methods : One cadaver that had sound facial soft tissues was chosen for the study. The cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT under following scanning protocols about slice thickness and table speed; 3 mm and 3 mm/sec, 5 mm and 5 mm/sec, 7 mm and 7 mm/sec. The acquired data were reconstructed 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 mm reconstruction interval respectively and the images were transferred to a personal computer. Using a program developed to measure facial soft tissue thickness in 3D image, the facial soft tissue thickness was measured. After the ten-time repeation of the measurement for ten times, repeated measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements using the three scanning protocols. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant intraobserver differences in the measurements of the facial soft tissue thickness using the three scanning protocols (p>0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements in the 3 mm slice thickness and those in the 5 mm, 7 mm slice thickness (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the 14 of the total 30 measured points in the 5 mm slice thickness and 22 in the 7mm slice thickness. Conclusion : The facial soft tissue thickness measurement using 3D images of 7 mm slice thickness is acceptable clinically, but those of 5 mm slice thickness is recommended for the more accurate measurement.

cDNA array 방법을 이용한 망간에 노출된 흰쥐 뇌기저핵의 유전자발현 분석

이채관,노성민,문덕환,,김정호,손병철,김대환,이창희,김휘동,김정원,김종은,안진홍,이채언 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Objectives: This study investigated the gene expression profile in basal ganglia of manganese-exposed rats based on cDNA array analysis. Methods: For cDNA array, 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±25 g) were intraperitoneally injected with 25 ㎎/㎏ B. W./day of MnCl2 (0.3 ㎖) for 10 days. For dose-related gene expression analysis, rats were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 ㎎/㎏ B. W/day of MnCl2 for 10 days. Control rats were injected with an equal volume of saline. RNA samples were extracted from brain tissue and reverse-transcribed in the presence of [α^(32)P]-dATP. Membrane sets of the Atlas Rat 1.2 array Ⅱ and Toxicology array 1.2 kit (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA) were hybridized with cDNA probe sets. Northern blot hybridization method was employed to assess the dose-related gene expression. Results: Fifty-two genes showed significant changes in expression of more than two-fold. Twenty-eight were up-regulated and 24 were down-regulated in the manganese-exposed group compared to the control. Among the 52 genes, 28 genes including nuclear factor I-X1 (NF1-X1), neuroligin 2 and 3, mitochondrial stress-70 protein (MTHSP70), neurodegeneration-associated protein 1 (Neurodap 1), multidrug resistance protein (MDR), and endoplasmic reticulum stress protein 72 (ERP72), were reported for the first time related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia. According to the dose-related gene expression analyses, MTHSP70, Neurodap 1 and ERP72 genes were up-regulated compared to the control even in the group exposed to low manganese dose ( 0.2 ㎎/㎏ B.W./day). Conclusions: Twenty-eight genes detected for the first time in this study were closely related to the manganese-induced neurotoxic-metabolism in the rat basal ganglia and further study of these genes can give some more useful information about the manganese metabolism.

북한 급변사태 가능성과 우리의 대응방안

김관호(Kim Kwan Ho) 북한학회 2016 북한학보 Vol.41 No.2

과거 동구권 사회주의 붕괴, 김일성ㆍ김정일 사망 등 북한에서 심각한 정치ㆍ경제적 변고가 있다는 소식이 전해지면 급변사태에 대한 관심이 고조되어 왔다. 그러나 북한은 이를 비웃듯 김정은이 3대 세습을 성공시키며 아직까지도 체제를 유지하고 있다. 하지만, 올해 1월초 북한은 4차 핵실험으로 인해 국제사회의 강력한 제재와 고립정책으로 인해 큰 위기국면에 직면해 있다. 지속되는 경제난과 국제사회의 강력한 대북제재로 인한 압박이 해외주재원들의 외화상납 강요 등으로 연결된 결과, 중국 내 북한식당 종업원들의 집단탈북, 러시아와 영국 주재 외교관들의 탈북이 잇따르고 있다. 이와 더불어 지난 9월 북한의 5차 핵실험이 감행되면서 한국 내 전략핵무기 배치 및 독자적인 핵개발 여론이 조성되고 있으며, 미국의 선제타격론이 제기되는 등 북한을 한층 더 강하게 압박하고 있다. 아울러 일각에서 조심스럽게 급변사태를 논의하는 것은 북한의 급변을 남북통일로 발전시킬 수도 있을 것으로 판단하기 때문일 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 북한의 급변사태 발생 가능성과 예측 가능한 시나리오를 상정하고 이에 대한 우리정부의 대응방안을 제시하였다. In the past, attention on contingencies has been elevated when the news spread that there were serious political and economic changes in NK such and the collapse of socialism in the eastern bloc or death of Kim-Il-Sung and Kim Jeong-Il. Contrary to expectations KJU success fully succeeded his predecessors and has maintained the regime for three consecutive generations as if it is laughing in our faces. However, In January this year, NK faced a grave situation from the international community’s strong sanctions and isolation policy, which were results of the 4th NK nuclear test. Because continued economic hardship and the pressure from the international community’s NK sanctions led officials placed overseas to forcibly offer bribes in foreign currencies, NK restaurant employees in China and diplomats in Russia and UK are defecting from NK one after another. In addition, 5th NK nuclear test in September created public opinion for the deployment of strategic nuclear weapons in the Republic of Korea and indigenous development of such forces. The proposal of pre-emptive strike from the US also adds to the pressure that is placed upon NK. Some people carefully discuss contingencies in NK because it can be seen that those events may develop a reunification of the Korean Peninsula. Therefore, this study assumed the possibility of contingencies in NK and expected scenarios to propose ROK government’s response measures.

머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.

율무쌀의 일반성분과 단백질의 특성

金俊平,扈正基,金館右 中央大學校 自然科學硏究所 1987 自然科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

General compositions, protein and lipid properties of peals - barley were determined as follows. 1. Pearl-barley were composed of 9.8% moisture, 14.8% crude protein, 6.2% crude fat, 1.3% crude ash and 1.1% crude fiber respectively. 2. Fatty acids of pearl - barley were composed of 50% oleate 34% linoleate, and 13% palmitate respectively. 3. The effects of pH on the extraction of protein were studied. It was shown that solubilities were low at pH 3-4 and increasing markelly at alkaline pH 8-12. 4. Isolation by modified Osborne method yieldid albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutelin at the proportion of 24.25%, 14.05%, 21.35%, and 40.35% respectivly. 5. Chromatogram of isolated protein by gel-filtration showed two peaks for albumin(F-a:83%, F-b:17%), three peaks for globulin(F-a:88%, F-b:7%, F-c:5%)and three peaks each for gliadin and glutelin(gliadin 71%, 16%, 13%, glutelin 68%, 13%, 19%). 6. Disc-PAGE patterns showed about 10 bands in total albumin, 2 bands in albumin(F-a), 3 bands in total globulin an d 1 band in globulin under pH 8.3 buffer system(Ornstein and Davis method), while it showed about 8 bands in total gliadin, 11 bands in total glutelin and 3 bands in glutelin under pH 4.5 buffer system. 7. Amino acids of Pearl-barley protein were composed of 30.99% of acidic amino acid, 59.45% of neutral amino acid and 9.54% of basic amino acid.

중국의 투자협정 정책의 변화와 한중투자협정의 고찰

김관호 韓國東北亞經濟學會 2008 동북아경제연구 Vol.20 No.1

Korea and China concluded a new bilateral investment treaty (BIT) in september 2007. It replaces the 1992 BIT between the two countries. The new Korea-China BIT offers investors enhanced protection, as compared to the previous BIT, both in their broad and effective investorstate dispute provisions, and in their developed substantive protections. The new Korea-China BIT is one of the new generation BITs into which China has entered since the late 1990s. China's new generation BITs breaks with her long-standing reservations towards investor-state dispute settlement and national treatment. China's new BIT practice may be primarily prompted by the adoption of China's 'Going Abroad' policy encouraging Chinese outbound investment. The change in the China's BIT practice may also reflects its greater willingness to protect foreign investment to the level of investment protection that prevail in international law and practice. No investor-state arbitrations have been brought as yet against the Chinese Government. Under the new generation BITs, however, the Chinese government is no longer safe from investment claims. To avoid unwelcome disputes, the Chinese government has to further improve foreign investment environment and increase its ability to manage the relationship with foreign investors effectively. Three way negotiations among Korea, China and Japan is ongoing on Trilateral Investment Treaty. Korea and Japan demand that the treaty should contain the same high standards as are seen in the recently concluded investment treaties. But it is not certain whether China will accept a treaty beyond the level of its BITs. A high-standard investment treaty, if successfully concluded, would not only help integrate the economies of the three countries, but also give a fresh boost to the start of FTA negotiations.

비외상성 경추질환 수술환자의 임상분석

김관태,송시헌,김성호 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

We undertook a retrospective analysis on the 31 patients of nontraumatic cervical disease admitted and surgically treated at the Department of Neurosurgery, Chung-Nam Univ. Hospital. Cervical disc disease has been studied more extensively and also diagnostic studies have developed considerably at recent including myelography, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment for nontraumatic cervical disease may be medical, surgical, or both but surgery is popular owing to development of microanatomy. Especially the surgical approach to cervical disc disease has been advanced with a clinical syndrome, mechanisms of disease, and pathological changes that have been better defined. The anterior approach to compressive lesion, a more recent development by Robinson in 1955, by Cloward in 1968, and Boldrey has become increasingly popular. Cervical root compression can be relieved well, but myelopathy responds less well to decompression, provided the preoperative diagnosis is accurate and operation is done carefully from either anterior or posterior approach. The author has reviewed 31 cases of nontraumatic cervical disease which were treated surgically in Chung Nam Univ. Hosp. from April, 1991 to October, 1993. The results are as follows : 1) Cervical disc diseases showed markedly prominent incidence among nontraumatic cervical disease. 2) Cervical disc diseases were more frequently encountered between the 5th and 6th decades(64.5 %) and the ratio of male to female was 5 : 1. 3) The most frequent clinical symptom was posterior neck pain(65%) in this group. 4) The most frequent site of disc herniation was C 5-6 level as a single lesion, but the multiple level was affected in 32% of patients.

폐콘크리트 골재를 이용한 아스팔트 혼합물의 특성평가

김재현,이관호 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2000 공학기술연구지 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the fundamental properties of asphalt paving materials with waste concrete and to recommend the proper mixing ratio of waste concrete. Couple of laboratory tests were carried out to ensure the characteristics of asphalt mixture with waste concrete. Resilient modulus test, indirect tensile test, and two different types of creep test, like uniaxial static creep test and incremental static creep test, were carried out to determine the characteristics of asphalt mixtures. It was not enough to ensure the proper characteristics of asphalt mixtures with only waste concrete, due to relatively high rutting potential and low stiffness. However, the blended asphalt mixtures with waste concrete and common aggregate showed the better performance. In order to determine the rutting potential of asphalt mixtures, VESYS testing procedure was adopted in this research. Form the prediction of rutting potential by VESYS, the blended mixtures with waste concrete and common aggregate showed better performance than the mixture with waste concrete only.

신경외과 영역의 감염에 대한 Cefnam^(�)(Cefuzonam Sodium, L-105)의 임상 효과

김관태,장헌상,김성호,김윤 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.10