일반논문 : 마을농악의 전승구도 변화와 현실 대응 -전남 남해안지역 마을농악을 중심으로-

송기태 ( Ki Tae Song ) 한국공연문화학회(구 한국고전희곡학회) 2015 공연문화연구 Vol.0 No.30

이 논문은 마을농악의 과거와 현재를 전승구도의 변화라는 측면에서 검토한 글이다. 마을농악은 20세기 초·중반까지 당대의 주류문화로 기능했으나 차츰비주류의 마이너적인 문화가 되었고, 이제 명맥만을 이어가고 있는 상황이다. 과거의 신명난 굿판은 사그라졌지만, 여전히 마을에서 명맥을 유지하고 있기에 현 단계의 마을농악을 검토하는 차원에서 본 논문을 기술하였다. 논의의 대상 지역은 전남 남해안이다. 전남 남해안은 온전한 형태의 마을농악이 전승되는 곳이고, 시대의 변화에 대응하면서 생명력을 유지하는 곳이라고 할 수 있다. 과거 주류문화로 기능하던 상황에 비할 수는 없지만, 주민들 스스로 연행자가 되어 제 기능을 유지하려고 노력하고 있기 때문에 현재의 관점에서도 논의가 가능하다. 논의의 진행은 마을농악이 주류의 문화로 인식되던 시대의 전승구도와 비주류의 문화가 된 현재의 상황을 주목해가는 방식으로 진행하였다. 전통시대의 농악 전승은 당대의 문화로서 누구나 쉽게 즐기는 예능이었다. 그래서 사제관계 등을 형성하지 않고도 ‘어깨너머로 배워서’ 자연스레 몸으로 읽혔던 것으로 파악된다. 특별히 농악에 관심이 있는 사람은 개인적으로 가락을 기록해놓고 외우는 경우도 쉽게 찾아볼 수 있다. 마을에서 농악을 당대의 문화로서 쉽게 즐길 수 있었지만, 그렇다고 해서 체계와 격식이 없지는 않았다. 농악대를 지휘해야하는 상쇠는 ‘농구’라는 치배를 두어서 어렸을 때부터 조기교육을 시켰고, 두레조직을 통해 마을문화로서 농악을 교육하기도 하였다. 또한 외부의 특출한 상쇠나 연희자를 초빙하여 마을농악을 세련된 예술로 발달시키기도 하였다. 즉, 농악은 누구나 즐기는 문화이지만, 마을 내에서 체계적인 전승이 가능하도록 구조화되어 있었던 셈이다. 그렇기 때문에 오랜 기간 마을 사람들의 연행예술로서 기능해왔던 것이다. 마을농악은 현재 전승의 위기에 처해 있다. 마을민속이 전승될 수 있는 공동체가 해체되고 있고, 농악이 지금시대의 주류문화로서 기능하지 못하는 점에서 두 가지 위기를 동시에 겪고 있다. 마을농악에서는 전승세대의 빈자리를 여성들로 채움으로써 생명력을 연장하고 있다. 또한 공연과 대회, 축제 등에 참가하고, 무형문화재로 지정되면서 새로운 전승력을 창출하고 있다. 마을농악대의 외부활동과 국가적 간섭은 정상적인 농악 전승을 왜곡시키지만, 이러한 활동과 외부의 관심은 마을농악의 문화적 권위를 높이는 쪽으로 작용하고 있다. 마을농악은 더 이상 주류문화의 자리를 지키지 못한다. 이제는 주류문화의 자리를 대중문화에 내어주고 스스로 전통문화로서 자리를 잡고 있다. 마당밟이 과정이나 판굿을 치는 중간에 농악소리가 잦아들면 뽕짝노래가 흘러나온다. 마을 사람들은 자연스럽게 농악도 즐기고 뽕짝도 즐기면서 축제로서 농악판을 즐기고 있다. 농악이 필요한 공간에서는 반드시 절차를 지켜서 연행하지만, 축제적 굿판이 마련되면 뽕짝노래도 부르고 농악도 치면서 스스로의 축제를 만드는 것이다. 그리고 한편에서는 마을농악을 존속시키기 위한 노력도 진행하고 있고, 마을농악을 지역농악으로 확장하기도 하며, 지역의 문화적 전통을 복원하고 계승하는 의미에서 단절된 농악을 재생하기도 한다. 결국 마을농악은 현 시대의 주류문화는 아니지만 변화에 적응하면서 현재의 문화로 기능하고, 전승주체들의 노력을 통해 생명력을 지속하고 있다고 하겠다. This article has been prepared after reviewing the past and present of local nongak (a term referring to a traditional folk performance held by farmers throughout Korea) in terms of the changes of transmission of tradition to new generations. A basic precondition for the past and present is whether nongak is a mainstream culture or becoming minor culture on the fringe of society. The target area is the southern coastal regions of Jeonnam. The southern coastal regions are the places where local nongak is soundly handed down and maintaining its vitality by coping with the chronological changes. Although it can be compared with past nongak which was a part of mainstream culture, it can be discussed from the current perspective because local residents are making efforts to preserve nongak by themselves. A discussion was conducted by focusing on transmission of local nongak of the times when it was recognized as a mainstream culture and the current situations of considering it as a minor culture. Nongak of the past was a type of entertainment that everyone could easily enjoy. Therefore, it was assumed that people could naturally adopt it without establishing a teacher-pupil relationship. It was easy to find people who were particularly interested in nongak and recorded the melodies to help remember them. Although people could easily enjoy the mainstream culture of nongak in the villages, it doesn``t mean that nongak didn``t have its systems and formalities. A ‘sangsoi’ (leading gong-player) who lead the nongak band received early education from a music player called a ‘chibae’ (Also referred to as ``nonggu``) and Korean farmer``s cooperative groups teach people nongak as a part of local culture education. In addition, people tried to develop local nongak to become a more sophisticated art form by inviting outstanding sangsoi or entertainers from the outside. In other words, nongak was not only a culture for everyone but also has its own structure for systematic transmission of tradition to new generations in the villages. This is the reason why nongak could be handed down as a performing art in the villages for a long time. Currently, local nongak is facing danger. Nongak is facing two crises; Local communities, where nongak was supposed to be handed down, are being dismantled and nongak are not able to remain a part of mainstream culture these days. Local nongak is maintaining its vitality by filling vacancies with women. In addition, they are trying to hand down nongak by participating in various shows, contests, and festivals and on the strength of its designation as an intangible cultural asset. The external activities of local nongak bands and the governmental interference may distort the normal transmission of nongak, but such activities and external interests improve the cultural status of local nongak. Local nongak is no longer a part of mainstream culture. It conceded to popular culture for having its cultural status remaining to be a part of mainstream culture and is strengthening its position as a tradition culture. In a nongak show, a ‘teuroteu song’ (a combination of Korean musical forms, involving trot, jazz and traditional music) comes out when the sounds of nongak dies away. Local residents often enjoy nongak as a part of festivals for their teuroteu songs. The traditional procedures are followed when formal nongak is necessary, but people sometimes enjoy informal nongak with teuroteu songs to add entertainment value for festivals. Meanwhile, people are trying to preserve local nongak, extend local nongak to regional nongak, and reproduce forgotten nongak for recovering and passing down local cultural traditions. In conclusion, even though local nongak is no longer a part of mainstream culture these days, it has adapted to change, is continuing to act as a part of culture, and maintaining its vitality based on the efforts of successors.

팥 품종별 볶음시간에 따른 팥과 팥차의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화활성의 변화

송석보(Seuk Bo Song),고지연(Jee Yeon Ko),김정인(Jung In Kim),이재생(Jae Saeng Lee),정태욱(Tae Wook Jung),김기영(Ki Young Kim),곽도연(Do Yeon Kwak),오인석(In Seok Oh),우관식(Koan Sik Woo) 한국식품과학회 2013 한국식품과학회지 Vol.45 No.3

This study investigated the changes in physicochemical characteristics of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis var. nipponensis) tea depending on the variety and roasting times, for the development of functional foods. The levels of total polyphenol, flavonoids, and tannin contents were 12.72 ㎎ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, 3.01 ㎎ catechin equivalent (CE)/g, and 3.56 ㎎ tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g, respectively, for the Jeolgangsung-ipat sample roasted for 16 min. The highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was 7.81 ㎎ Trolox equivalent (TE)/g in Bulgeun-ipat sample that was roasted for 14 min. The highest total polyphenol content in the hot water-leached liqueur of adzuki bean tea was 26.55 μg GAE/100 mL in Yungum-pat that was roasted for 12 min. The total flavonoids and tannin contents of Whin-ipat and Jeolgangsung-ipat roasted for 10 min were 15.10 μg CE/100 mL and 14.60 μg TAE/100 mL, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activities of hot water-leached liqueur of adzuki bean tea were 488.72 and 728.25 ㎎ TE/100 mL, respectively, in Yungumpat roasted that was for 12 min. The results of this study show that roasted adzuki bean tea has notable antioxidant activity and is considered to have significant health benefits.

맨드라미(Celosia cristata L.) 꽃 메탄올 추출물로부터 용매분획된 분획물의 항산화활성

김현영(Hyun Young Kim),고지연(Jee Yeon Ko),송석보(Seuk Bo Song),김정인(Jung In Kim),서혜인(Hye In Seo),이재생(Jae Saeng Lee),곽도연(Do Yeon Kwak),정태욱(Tae Wook Jung),김기영(Ki Young Kim),오인석(In Seok Oh),정헌상(Heon Sang Jeong),우 한국식품영양과학회 2012 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.41 No.11

맨드라미꽃의 식품학적 이용가능성을 확인해 보고자 항산화성분 및 항산화활성에 대해 검토하였다. 맨드라미꽃의 항산화성분과 활성은 메탄올 추출물과 순차적 용매분획물에 대해 측정하였으며, 메탄올 추출물과 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 및 물 분획물의 추출수율은 각각 23.33, 10.27, 20.00, 13.63, 17.55 및 38.54%였다. 맨드라미 꽃 메탄올 추출물의 총 polyphenol, flavonoid 및 tannin 함량은 각각 6.80 ㎎ GAE/g ME, 2.34 ㎎ CE/g ME 및 6.23 ㎎ TAE/g ME였다. 순차적 용매분획물 중 butanol 분획에서 각각 14.92 ㎎ GAE/g SF, 5.44 ㎎ CE/g SF 및 13.38 ㎎ TAE/g SF로 함량이 높았다. 총 proanthocyanidin 함량은 44.72 ㎍ CE/g ME였고 순차적 용매분획물은 각각 42.47, 44.43, 50.03, 49.12 및 41.80 ㎍ CE/g ER로 용매간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 맨드라미꽃의 메탄올 추출물의 DPPH 및 ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 5.24 및 10.70 ㎎ TE/g ME였고 butanol 분획에서 각각 12.53 및 21.09 ㎎ TE/g SF로 활성이 높았다. 메탄올 추출물의 SOD 유사활성은 7.96 unit/mL로 나타났고 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol 및 물 분획물은 각각 4.56, 6.15, 8.07, 12.36 및 5.21 unit/mL로 butanol 분획의 활성이 높았다. 맨드라미꽃 추출물의 항산화성분과 항산화활성 간에 높은 정의 상관관계를 보였고 맨드라미꽃 추출물이 체내 및 식품에서 유익한 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant contents and activities of solvent fractions from methanolic extracts of cockscome flowers. The yield of methanolic extracts from cockscome flowers was 23.33%, whereas those of its solvent fractions (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water) were 10.27, 20.00, 13.63, 17.55, and 38.54%, respectively. Total polyphenolic, flavonoid, tannin, and proanthocyanidin contents of methanolic extracts (ME) were 6.80 ㎎ gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g ME, 2.34 ㎎ catechin equivalent (CE)/g ME, 6.23 ㎎ tannic acid equivalent (TAE)/g ME, and 44.72 ㎍ CE/g ME, respectively. The highest total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents of solvent fractions were 14.92 ㎎ GAE/g solvent fraction (SF), 5.44 ㎎ CE/g SF, and 13.38 ㎎ TAE/g SF in the butanol fraction, respectively. The total proanthocyanidin contents were 42.47, 44.43, 50.03, 49.12, and 41.80 ㎍ CE/g SF, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities from cockscome flowers were 5.24 and 10.70 ㎎ Trolox equivalent (TE)/g ME, respectively. The highest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the solvent fractions were 12.53 and 21.09 ㎎ TE/g SF in the butanol fraction, respectively. SOD-like activities of methanolic extracts from cockscome flowers were 7.96 units/mL, whereas those of its solvent fractions were 4.56, 6.15, 8.07, 12.36, and 5.21 units/mL, respectively. The results of this study show that notable antioxidant activities in cockscome flowers have significant health benefits.

사업장(事業場) 근로자(勤勞者)의 사상체질(四象體質)에 따른 생활습관(生活習慣), 자각증상(自覺症狀), 건강인식(健康認識)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

서명효,강홍구,장두섭,왕명자,차남현,김삼태,권소희,정해경,송용선,이기남,Seo Muoung-Hoy,Kang Hong-Goo,Jahng Doo-Sub,Wang Myoung-Ja,Cha Nam-Hyun,Kim Sam-Tae,Kwon So-Hee,Jung Hae-Kyoung,Song Yung-Sun,Lee Ki-Nam 대한예방한의학회 2003 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.7 No.2

The study was conducted to evaluate the difference of life style, subjective symptoms and health cognition depending on the Sasang Constitution in the industrial workers. The results were as follows ; Constitutional distribution among exposed group were Tae-eum In(38.4%), So-eum In(35.2%), and So-yang In(26.4%) and it was turned out that Tae-eum In took a higher portion of Sasang constitution than other constitutions in technician workers. 'Exercise' and 'Obesity' were found most in Tae-eum In, In So-eum In there were many 'Normal' weight and 'Having digestive disorders' were found most in So-eum In. There were no significant difference in the health cognition among the constitutions. The closer to 'normal' weight, the higher prevalence in 'having' concern about health condition and the more 'normal' condition in sleeping, the higher prevalence of 'having' self-confident in present health.

병식 평가 척도-한국판(SUMD-K)의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증

송지영,김기태,이서경,김용희,노준호,김종우,장환일,반건호,강원섭 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.4

Objectives : This study was conducted to evaluate the reliability and the validity of the Korean version of the Scale to Assessment Unawareness of Mental Disorder (SUMD-K). Methods : The subjects were 55 schizophrenic patients between ages of 26 and 58 who were recruited from the psychiatric unit of the university hospital and the out-patient clinic. The SUMD-K and insight scale of PANSS were applied to the patients. Results : The range of inter-rater (Spearman's rho) of the general items of SUMD-K were .97-.98 on the current illness and .58-.98 on the past illness. The correlation coefficient between the sum and the general items of the SUMD-K showed high scores. The concurrent validity between SUMD-K and insight item of PANSS was high (scores between .59-.96). However,the reliability and the validity of the attribution items of symptoms showed low scores compared to the current symptoms. Conclusion : The SUMD-K was confirmed in its reliability and validity. It can be a useful clinician-rating scale for evaluating insight in schizophrenic patients as well as patients with other neuropsychiatric conditions.

혈액투석중인 만성신부전 환자에서 골대사 지표로써의 Osteocalcin치

송치운,이진홍,안미애,윤환중,윤상임,성기양,이강현,송민호,이강욱,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Background : Serum osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblast and has been shown to be sensitive indicator of bone turnover inpatients with various metabolic bone disease. In renal osteodystrophy, serum osteocalcin is elevated due to decreased renal clearance and elevated level of PTH. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism and the correlation with other biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods : We measured serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and PTH(parathyroid hormone) in 37 patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Osteocalcin was determined by radioimmunoassay and PTH was determined by radioimmunometric assay. Results : 1) The mean level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients was 233.8± 218.2ng/ml which was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.0001). 2) The mean level of serum PTH in ESRD patients was 40.5± 43.8pg/ml was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.005). 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the level of serum PTH, ALP and the level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients. 4) By using multiple regression, PTH is most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalcin ( beta coefficient = 0.687, Sig T<0.05). Conclusion : Serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism in ESRD patients is more useful than other biochemical marker such as serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and PTH is a most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalin.

태양열 온수급탕 시스템에 관한 연구 : 아파트를 중심으로 With relevance to Apartment

송인춘,김기세,구현덕,김병수,나기태 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1999 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.14 No.1

This work was carried out to propose a model of the most effective layout and installation for applying the Solar Hot Water system to apartment and to offer the basic data for promoting the destribution of this Solar Hot Water system in the country. For this purpose, the performed experiments are as followings: 1)Measurement and analysis of the amount of hot water adn the cost of water used in apartment of which the area is 30 to 40 pyung. 2)to esimate the efficiency of Solar Hot Water System in accordance with an angle of inclination. 3) Analysis of economical efficiency the annual expected saving cost produced by replacing the existing hot water system with the Solar Hot Water System. 4)Proposal of the best model for installing the Solar Hot Water System in apartment by considering the place and sunshine,and compaison of merit and demerit of this system.

캡슐내시경과 단일풍선 소장내시경으로 진단된 공장의 간질종양 1예

송도경,심기남,태정현,김경진,송명은,송하응,윤혜원,정가영,정정화 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2012 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.35 No.2

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are common mesenchymal tumors that arise in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract. We report a case of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding due to a GIST of the jejunum successfully documented by videocapsule endoscopy (VCE) and single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE). A 36-year-old man with hematochezia was referred for further evaluation of no evidence of bleeding focus on esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. A VCE showed a suspicious ulcerative hyperemic mass that located in about 1 hour apart from duodenal second portion. SBE revealed a nonbleeding 4×2 cm mass with an ulcer at the proximal jejunum. The patient underwent laparoscopic resection without complication. Histological examination revealed a well circumscribed, dumbbell-shaped firm mass comprised of spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining for CD 117 was diffusely positive, whereas staining for S-100, CD 34 and MIB-1 was all negative. It was confirmed to be a low-grade GIST at the proximal jejunum.

지역사회획득 폐렴의 치료지침 권고안

송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

비뉴튼 점성유체중에서의 섬유의 낙하거동에 관한 연구

송기원,김태헌 부산대학교 1994 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.47 No.

As a simplified model for the motion of fivers in polymeric fluids, we visualized experimentally the free falling behavior of a slender body in quiescent polymer solutions. In this paper, the effects of body diameter and flow properties of solutions on the falling behavior were investigated. The influence of theological properties on the falling behavior was also discussed. From this study, it was clarified that a slender body falling in non-Newtonian polymeric fluids rotates its posture into vertical direction and moves translationally remaining a constant inclination angle. Further, it was also found that, as a decrease in body diameter and an increase in solution concentration, the final orientation of a body becomes closer to vertical direction. 고분자 유체중에서의 섬유의 기본적 운동특성에 대한 단순화 모델로서 정지상태의 고분자 용액중에서의 선상체의 자유낙하거동을 사진촬영기법으로 가시화하였다. 본 논문에서는 선상체 직경과 유체의 유동특성이 낙하거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하고, 유체의 유변학적 특성이 선상체의 운동특성에 미치는 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 이상의 연구를 통해 고분자 유체중에서 선상체의 자유낙하는 수직방향으로 회전하는 경향을 나타내며 어느 정도의 시간이 경과하면 일정각을 유지한 채 병진운동만을 수행함이 밝혀졌다. 그리고, 선상체 직경의 감소 및 고분자용액 농도의 증가는 선상체 낙하거동을 수직방향의 최종배향으로 회전시키려는 경향을 나타냄이 확인되었다.