Identification of Endogenous Genes for Normalizing Titer Variation of Citrus Tristeza Virus in Aphids at Different Post-acquisition Feeding Times

Hongsu Wang,Qi Chen,Luqin Liu,Yan Zhou,Huanhuan Wang,Zhongan Li,Jinxiang Liu 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.4

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is efficiently transmitted in a semi-persistent manner by the brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy)). Currently, the most sensitive method for detecting plant viruses in insect vectors is reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In this study, the elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α) gene and acidic p0 ribosomal protein (RPAP0) gene were confirmed to be suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in viruliferous T. citricida aphids using the geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper tools. Then the relative CTV titer in aphids (T. citricida) at different post-acquisition feeding times on healthy plants was quantified by RT-qPCR using EF-1α and RPAP0 as reference genes. The relative CTV titer retained in the aphids gradually decreased with increasing feeding time. During the first 0.5 h of feeding time on healthy plants, the remaining CTV titer in aphids showed about 80% rapid loss for the highly transmissible isolate CT11A and 40% loss for the poorly transmissible isolate CTLJ. The relative CTV titer in aphids during more than 12 h post-acquisition times for CT11A was significantly lower than at the other feeding times, which is similar to the trend found for CTLJ. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the relative titer variation of CTV remaining in T. citricida at different post-acquisition feeding times on healthy plants.

Ginseng berry polysaccharides on inflammation-associated colon cancer: inhibiting T-cell differentiation, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing the effects of 5-fluorouracil

Wang, Chong-Zhi,Hou, Lifei,Wan, Jin-Yi,Yao, Haiqiang,Yuan, Jinbin,Zeng, Jinxiang,Park, Chan Woong,Kim, Su Hwan,Seo, Dae Bang,Shin, Kwang-Soon,Zhang, Chun-Feng,Chen, Lina,Zhang, Qi-Hui,Liu, Zhi,Sava-Se The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In this project, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC and related immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharide portion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper cell differentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cell cycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation, inhibited CD4⁺IFN-γ⁺ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4⁺FoxP3⁺ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggesting that it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body's immune response against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at various degrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility in managing enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

A Pitch Smoothing Method for Mandarin Tone Recognition

Qian Liu,Jinxiang Wang,Mingjiang Wang,Panpan Jiang,Xirui Yang,Jiayuan Xu 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2013 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.6 No.4

Ginseng berry polysaccharides on infl ammation-associated colon cancer: inhibiting T-cell differentiation, promoting apoptosis, and enhancing the effects of 5-fl uorouracil

Chong-Zhi Wang,Lifei Hou,Jin-Yi Wan,Haiqiang Yao,Jinbin Yuan,Jinxiang Zeng,Chan Woong Park,Su Hwan Kim,Dae Bang Seo,Kwang-Soon Shin,Chun-Feng Zhang,Lina Chen,Qi-Hui Zhang,Zhi Liu,Clara Sava-Segal,Chun 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2

Background: Ginseng is a commonly used herbal medicine in treating various medical conditions. Chronic gut inflammation is a recognized factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). In thisproject, Asian ginseng berry polysaccharide preparations were used to assess their effects on CRC andrelated immune regulation mechanisms. Methods: Ginseng berry polysaccharide extract (GBPE) and purified ginseng berry polysaccharideportion (GBPP) were used to evaluate their activities on human HCT-116 and HT-29 CRC cell proliferation. Interleukin-8 secretion analysis was performed on HT-29 cells. Naive CD4 cell isolation and T-helper celldifferentiation were performed and determined using flow cytometry for Th1 and Treg in addition to cellcycle and apoptotic investigation. Results: GBPE and GBPP significantly inhibited interleukin-8 secretion and cancer cell proliferation,inhibited CD4þIFN-gþ cell (Th1) differentiation, and decreased CD4þFoxP3þ cell (Treg) differentiation. Compared to the GBPE, GBPP showed more potent antiinflammatory activities on the malignant cells. This is consistent with the observation that GBPP can also inhibit Th1-cell differentiation better, suggestingthat it has an important role in antiinflammation, whereas Treg cells hinder the body’s immuneresponse against malignancies. Supported by cell cycle and apoptosis data, GBPE and GBPP, at variousdegrees, remarkably enhanced the anticancer activities of 5-fluorouracil. Conclusion: Data from this project suggested that Asian ginseng berry potentially has clinical utility inmanaging enteric inflammation and suppressing CRC through immunomodulation mechanisms.

An Improved Tone Model for SVM Based Tone Recognition

Qian Liu,Jinxiang Wang,Mingjiang Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.10

Tonal information is important for Chinese Mandarin speech recognition and understanding. Tone information is carried on the shape of fundamental frequencies. When constructing a tone recognition system based on support vector machine, the fundamental frequencies should be normalized by curve fitting method. The fitting coefficients are input data of support vector machine, but it cannot precisely represent the shape of fundamental frequencies. An improved tone model is proposed, which added some other information of fundamental frequencies, such as the maximum and minimum value, the position of maximum and minimum values, the fundamental frequency values of first and last point. The experimental result shows that the proposed model is more accurate with the shape of fundamental frequencies and the accuracy rate of tone recognition is increased by using the improved tone model.

A Feature Parameter Modification Algorithm for Voice Activity Detection Based on Support Vector Machine

Qian Liu,Jinxiang Wang,Mingjiang Wang 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.8 No.6

A feature parameter modification algorithm is proposed to increase the accuracy of voice activity detection that based on support vector machine and energy acceleration parameters. The three energy acceleration parameters should have the equal importance for voice activity detection, in that all the three parameters can suitably characterize the classification features of speech and non-speech frames. For the three energy acceleration parameters, its minimum values vary a little; but its maximum values are greatly different. When radial basis function is chosen as the kernel function for voice activity detection, the coordinate values in Hilbert space is dominative determined by the energy values over a sub-region spectrum, the other two parameters only have a few contributions to it. The proposed algorithm extends the three energy acceleration parameters into the nearby or same order of magnitude. It make the three energy acceleration parameters at the same importance level in the calculation of coordinate values in Hilbert space, and can finally increase the accuracy of voice activity detection. The experimental results show that this algorithm can increase the accuracy of voice activity detection in the absence of noise and noise conditions.

Fabrication of nanopowders by electrical explosion of a copper wire in water

Chucai Peng,Jinxiang Wang,Nan Zhou,Guilei Sun 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.3

Copper electrical wire explosion experiments were conducted in water, and the elementary process of wire explosion was analysed according to the measured current and voltage waveforms. It was found that the current changed from an interrupt status to a second breakdown with the increasing density of the deposited energy. The purity of the nanocopper particles prepared in water was more than 91.3%, which was detected by X-ray diffraction. The statistical analysis of the particles size was completed according to transmission electron microscope images. The statistical data shows that the particle sizes mainly distributed over 10e40 nm and 80e180 nm, as analysed with the bubble pulse theory and Leidenfrost phenomenon.

Effect of compound coupling agent treatment on mechanical property and water absorption of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy composite

Zhaolin Zhu,Yin Liu,Guiyang Xian,Yan Wang,Chongmei Wu,Xiaobo Peng,Jinxiang Wang,Lingbing Kong 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.8

Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), as a reinforcing material to prepare lightweight high-performance composites, have excellent mechanical properties. However, the composites prepared by simply mixing hollow glass microspheres with polymer resin have poor performance. In this study, compound coupling agent-modified HGM/EP composites were prepared by casting process with two silane coupling agents as compound coupling agents. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the treated HGM. Meanwhile density, water absorption behavior, and mechanical properties of the modified HGM-filled epoxy composites were examined. It is found that the compound coupling agent could effectively improve the interfacial bonding between HGM and the matrix resin. A new chemical bond was formed between HGM and EP, which was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Compared with their untreated counterparts, the composites treated with the complex coupling agent exhibited excellent mechanical properties, along with lower density and lower water absorption.

Fe, N, S-codoped carbon frameworks derived from nanocrystal superlattices towards enhanced oxygen reduction activity

Angang Dong,Wenqian Han,Yuchi Yang,Baixu Zhu,Biwei Wang,Jinxiang Zou 나노기술연구협의회 2019 Nano Convergence Vol.6 No.4

Recently, iron, nitrogen and sulfur codoped carbon-based materials have gained increasing attention for their synergistic effect towards superior electrocatalytic oxygen reduction performance. To gain insight into the contributions of the heteroatoms, we developed a facile and reproducible method for constructing Fe, N, S-codoped carbon frameworks derived from self-assembled Fe3O4 nanocrystal superlattices. The material constructed by the suggested method exhibited excellent ORR activity with more positive half-wave potential (∼ 0.869 V, vs RHE), higher diffusion-limiting current density (∼ 5.88 mA/cm2) and smaller Tafel slope (45 mV/dec) compared with Fe, N-codoped carbon frameworks and Pt/C. Notably, Fe3O4 nanocrystals served as both the building blocks for constructing carbon frameworks and the source of Fe residues leaving in the frameworks at the same time. By artificially tailoring the doping type and level as well as the homogeneousness of heteroatoms, the results discussed herein prove the importance of each kind of heteroatom in boosting ORR activity.