조선 成宗代 崔灝元의 ‘裨補說’ 논의에 대한 고찰

정연주(Jeong, Yeon-Joo),김병인(Kim, Byoung-In) 한국인물사연구회 2014 한국인물사연구 Vol.22 No.-

This study aims to address argumentative issues and aspects of Choi, Ho-Won(崔灝元)’s complementary theory(裨補說) in the reign of King Sung-Jong(成宗). After examining Choi, Ho-Won’s life and conception, this research analyzes the debates when Choi, Ho- Won insists the conception which refers to Doseon(道詵)’s complementary theory in sixteenth year of King Sung-Jong. Based on that, following issues can be suggested: There was an assertion that a position that given to Choi, Ho-Won, Byungjochamji(兵曹參知) is not proper, and that he should be punished because of his theoretical notion. At least two things can be drawn out of above discussion. First, King Sung-Jong is the person who is willing to keep Jeong-hak(正學) with the exclusion of other theories. Second, there were certain differences between the Confucian scholars including Choi, Ho-Won and King Sung-Jong in the light of their perception about natural disaster(災變) and, the way of making the ruling method on the public according to that. Additionally, the government official have also negative point of view on Doseon’s complementary theory. Docham’s(圖讖) idea, a foundation of Doseon’s theory, was likewise denied, due to changing theory on Feng-shui(風水) in early Chosun Dynasty, and a political notion to promote Confucian ideas, which was a major ideological stream in the reign of King Sung-Jong.

신경회로망을 이용한 이면비드 폭 예측에 관한 연구

정재원,김일수,박창언,김학형,서주환,김인주,심지연 한국공작기계학회 2008 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

The development of robotic welding process is a very complex assignment because the system is affected by a number of process parameters which are very difficult to determine or predict in practice. The full automation welding has not yet been achieved partly because the mathematical model for the process parameters of a given welding task is not fully understood and quantified. Several mathematical models to control welding quality, Productivity, micro structure and weld properties in arc welding processed have been studied. However, it is not an easy task to apply them to the various practical situations because the relationship between the process parameters and the bead geometry is non-linear and also they are usually dependent on specific experimental result. Practically, it is difficult, but important to know how to establish a mathematical model that can predict the result of the actual welding process and how to select the optimum welding condition under a certain constraint. In this paper, an attempt has been made to develop an neural network model to predict the back-bead width as a function of key process parameters in the GMA (Gas Metal Arc) welding and to compare the developed models with the experimental results

Chlorpromazine이 백서 해마에서 전기경련 충격에 의한 MAPK 타이로신 인산화에 미치는 영향

주연호,정성훈,전송희,강웅구,김용식,김상욱,박주배 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.2

Object : In order to examine the interaction mechanisms of electroconvulsive shock(ECS) and antipsychotic drug at the level of molecular biology, we observed the effect of chlorpromazine pre-treatment on the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) induced by electroconvulsive shock(ECS) in rat hippocampus Method : Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups. To the experimental group chlorpromazine(20㎎/㎏) was given intraperitoneally, and to the control distilled water was given instead. Thirty minutes later, ECS was given and the hippocampus was dissected out 2 minutes thereafter. Immunoblotting with antiphosphotyrosine antibody was carried out, and the signal intensity at 42kDa band was quantitized using densitometer. The obtained result was compared by student t-test between the experimental and the control group. The absolute amount of MAPK was measured by immunoblotting with anti-MAPK antibody. Result : The tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK reached peak at 2 minutes after ECS. However, in the chlorpromazine pre-treated group, the peak level of MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation was significantly attenuated(t=-3.12, df=14, p=0.008) compared to the control. In contrast to this, the absolute amount of MAPK did not differ between the pretreated and the control group. Conclusion : Chlorpromazine attenuated the tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK by ECS. This finding seems to be related to the fact that chlorpromazine pre-treatment changed the cfos expression by ECS in rat brain. Antipsychotic drug and ECS might interact at the level of MAPK signal transduction system, and this might explained the observed synergistic effect of two treatment modality.

정신분열병 환자의 주관적 증상과 객관적 정신병리와의 관련성

주연호,김용식,정성훈,신민섭,이창인 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 주관적 증상평가도구인 K-FBF(Kyung Hee-Frankfurter Beschwerde-Fragebogen)가 정신분열병 환자의 어떤 증상 영역을 반영하는지, 특히 정신분열병의 병태생리와 밀접한 관련을 가지며 객관적 평가도구로는 파악이 어려운 음성 증상 또는 인지 장애의 측면들을 반영하는지 조사하고자, 정신분열병 환자의 K-FBF 결과를 객관적 정신병리 평가도구인 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia), 대표적인 자기보고식 다차원 증상목록(multidimensional self-report symptom inventory)인 간이정신진단검사(SCL-90-R)의 평가 결과와 비교 분석하였다. 방 법 : 고졸이상의 학력으로 DSM-IV진단기준에 의한 정신분열병 환자 중 급성기가 경과한 66명을 대사으로 연구를 수행하였다. K-FBF, SCL-90-R을 시행한 날, 두 명의 정신과 의사가 PANSS를 수행하였다. K-FBF의 질문항목에 대한 반응양상을 조사하고, 10개 소척도에 대하여 요인분석을 시행하였다. K-FBF와 연령, 성별, 병식과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 또한, K-FBF, PANSS, SCL-90-R제반 척도간에 상관관계 분석을 시행하였다. 결 과 : K-FBF는 높은 연령일수록 호소하는 항목의 수나 그 정도가 감소하였으며, 유병기간을 조절변수로 삼았을 때도 동일한 결과를 보였다. K-FBF의 소척도를 요인분석하여 두개의 합산척도를 추출, 각각 자각된 고통(RD, Recognized Distress)과 지각왜곡(PA, Perceptual Alteration)으로 명명하였다. 위의 합산척도와 PANSS의 상관관계에서, K-FBF 표준화 총점을 조절변수로 하여 편상관을 조사한 결과 PA척도와 PANSS 음성척도가 상관관계를 보였다. 이는 Huber의 기본증상이란 정신분열병의 음성증상을 주관적 측면에서 접근한 것이라는 평가와 관련된다. 한편, K-FBF표준화 총점과 SCL-90-R총점은 강한 상관관계를 나타낸 반면, SCL-90-R총점과 PANSS총점은 비록 통계적으로는 유의하지만 매우 미미한 상관관계만을 보였다. 따라서 평가척도의 상관성은 그 내용보다는 평가하는 주체에 더 큰 영향을 받는다고 판단되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구결과 K-FBF로 측정된 Huber의 기본증상은 정신분열병의 음성증상을 보다 더 반영하는 것으로 평가되었으며, 또 객관적 평가도구인 PANSS보다는 자기보고형 도구인 SCL-90-R과 더 높은 상관관계를 보인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나, 본 연구결과의 일반화를 위해서는 다른 질병단계, 다른 인구학적 변인을 가진 환자들을 대상으로 한 연구가 계속되어야 할 것이다. Objectives : Kyung Hee-Frankfurter Beschwerde-Fragebogen(K-FBF) is a representative subjective symptom measuring tool of schizophrenic patients. We performed psychopathology measurements using K-FBF, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS) and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90-R) in patients with schizophrenia and then compared the results of these three examinations one another, in order to examine which psychopathologic aspects K-FBF might reflect and to measure the possibility whether this instrument reflect the negative symptoms or cognitive impairments, which are difficult to measure by conventional objective instruments measuring psychopathology. Methods : All 66 patients satisfying DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, were approached. Their education level was more than high school and they were not in the acute stage of schizophrenia. They performed K-FBF and SCL-90-R, and at the same day, they were interviewed by one of both psychiatrists using PANSS. We examined the patterns of K-FBF response and performed facor analysis about 10 subscales. We examined the correlation between K-FBF and age, sex and insight. Also, we performed correlation analysis among the K-FBF, PANSS and SCL-90-R. Results : As for K-FBF, with increasing age, the number of positive response items and the symptom severity were decreased. Even when controlling prevalence period as control variable, the correlation remained unchanged. Performing factor analysis to the K-FBF subscales, we created 2 factors, ie summation subscales. We named those recognized distress(RD) and perceptual alteration(PA) each. Using K-FBF standardized total scores as controlling variable, we performed partial correlation between PA and PANSS negative symptom scale. The result was PA and PANSS have statistically significant correlation. This correspons with the view that Huber's basic symptoms are reflecting subjective approach of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. While K-FBF standardized total scores and PANSS total scores had statistically strong correlations, SCL-90-R total scores and PANSS total scores had statistically significant, but very mild correlations. So, we had the judgement that the correlations among the psychopathology measurement tools are more influenced by the rater than the contents of tools. Conclusion : We concluded that Huber's basic symptoms, measured by K-FBF, reflect more negative symptoms of schizophrenia than other symptoms. And K-FBF has more correlation with the PANSS, objective psychopathology. Measuring tool, than the SCL-90-R, self-report quetionnaire. But, more studies using patients with another disease stages and another demographic variables are needed in order to generalize the results of this study.

1998-1999년 절기에 부산지역에서 유행한 인플루엔자 바이러스의 분리

정영기,정명주,이주연,안정배,김지희,김만수,조경순 동의대학교 기초과학연구소 2000 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.10 No.1

Investigate the epidemics for influenza outbreaks. The outbreak pattern of the internal and external patients housed in the 10 designated hospitals was monitered to investigated and the characteristics of the virus isolates are as follows. 232 strains of influenza virus was isolated from the oral specimen of 1,320 respiratory disease patients in Pusan from Oct. 1998 to Jun. 1999. Among these isolates, 222 strains were A-type and the rest were B-type. The outbreak pattern for sex-and age-group is as follows. The male outbreak was similar to the female outbreak: male outbreak, 47.4% and female outbreak, 52.5%. Most of the patients were less than 10 years old. The monthly influenza outbreak was consistent from Dec. 1998 to Apr. 1999. and The 113 strains from the A-type isolates were A/Sydney/05/97(H3N2)-like, the 109 strains were A/Beijing/262/95(H1N1)-like, and all of the 10 B-type isolates were B/Harbin/07/94-like.

뮤코펙트 정(염산암브록솔 30mg)에 대한 암브렉트 정의 생물학적 동등성

유정연,정선경,최미희,한상범,이경률,이희주 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.3

A bioequivalence study of Ambrect^(™) tablets (Dong Wha Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd.) to Mucopect^(™) tablets(Boe-hringer Ingelheim Korea, Ltd.) was conducted according to the guideline of Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA). Twenty four healthy male Korean volunteers received each medicine at the ambroxol hydorchoride dose of 30 ㎎ in a 2×2 crossover study. There was a one-week wash out period between the doses. Plasma concentrations of ambroxol were monitored by a high-performance liquid chromatography for over a period of 24 hours after the administration. Aug_(t)(the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to 24 hr) was calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule method. C_(max) (maximum plasma drug concentration) and T_(max) (time to reach C_(max)) were compilied from the plasma concentraction-time data. Analysis of variance was carried out using logarithmically transformed AUC_(T) and C_(max). No significant sequence effect was found for all of the bioavailability parameters indicating that the crossover design was properly performed. The 90% confidence intervals of the AUC_(t) ratio and the C_(max) ratio for Ambrect^(™)/Mucopect^(™) were 0.89-1.01 and 0.89-1.02, respectively. These values were within the acceptable bioequivalence intervals of 0.80-1.25. Thus, our study demonstarated the bioequivalence of Ambrect^(™) and Mucopect^(™) with respect to the rate and extent of absorption.

자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예

박정열,조준식,김대연,이동헌,김종혁,김용만,김영탁,목정은,남주현 대한부인종양 콜포스코피학회 2002 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.13 No.3

횡문근육종은 소아와 청소년기에 가장 흔한 연부조직 육종이다. 발생 부위는 일반적으로 두부 및 경부, 그 다음으로 비뇨생식계이다 조직학적으로 배아성 횡문근육종, 국화상 육종, 폐포성 횡문근육종, 다형성 횡문근육종으로 나누어진다. 횡문근육종의 약 20%가 비뇨생식기에서 발생하고, 50% 이상이 배아성 횡문근육종이다. 여성 생식기의 배아성 횡문근육종은 드문 악성 종양으로,주로 유소아의 질에서 발생하며, 자궁경부에서 발생하는 횡문근육종은 청소년기에 흔하고, 질에서 기원하는 횡문근육종이 자궁경부에 기원하는 경우보다 5배 정도 많다. 폐경기여성에서는 자궁체부에서 가장 흔히 발생한다. 비뇨생식기의 횡문근육종의 치료는 과거에는 골반장기 적출술만으로 치료를 시도하였으나. 서서히 다중 항암화학요법, 방사선요법, 근치적 절제술을 포함한 병합요법으로 바뀌어가고 있으며, 이에 따라 생존율이 현저하게 향상되었다. 이에 저자들은 최근 본원 산부인과에서 자궁경부에 발생한 배아성 횡문근육종 2예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 아울러 보고하는 바이다. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and young adult. Genitourinary tract is the econd most common site of rhabdomyosarcoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma can be classified into one of four major types; embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic and undifferentiated. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the female genital tract is rare malignant tumor and usually occurs during childhood in the vagina. In rare cases, rhabdomyosarcoma can originate in the uterine cervix, with a peak incidence in the second decade. Recently we have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the uterine cervix. These cases are presented with a brief review of the literature.

電氣集塵機 效率向上을 위한 放電極 印加電壓 特性에 關한 硏究

李廷株,金鍾浩,都硏知 龍仁大學校 1996 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum collection efficiency for various applied voltage of Electrostatic Precipitator. The experiment was performed between 15kV and 30kV. Collection efficiency was measured by Anderson Sampler(cascade impactor). The results of this experiment were as follows ; (1) In order to determine the ESP's optimum operating condition, we measured an electric property of discharging electrode. (2) Optimum applied voltage and overall collection efficiency were 25kV and 98.4%, respectively. (3) When applied voltage value was higher than 25kV, the collection efficiency shows a tendency to decline. We estimated that this result was due to ionic winds generated by electric field.

분편 인플루엔자백신(split influenza vaccine)의 임상효과 및 면역원성에 관한 연구

우흥정,김동림,정희진,천병철,이주연,안정배,김지희,박찬,신영규,김우주,김민자,박승철 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적 : 아단위 인플루엔자 백신 접종 후 백신의 인플루엔자 예방효과, 인플루엔자 방어 항체형성, 인플루엔자 백신의 안전성을 조사하고자 하였다. 방법 : 총 571명을 대상으로 인플루엔자 백신 접종을 하였고, 이들 접종자에서 인플루엔자 양질환의 이환을 조사하여 인플루엔자 백신의 인플루엔자예방효과를 알아보았고, 백신의 접종 전 및 접종 4주 후 혈청에서 혈구응집억제물(Hemagglutination Inhibition : HAI) 항체 검사를 실시하여 백신의 방어항체생성을 조사하였고, 백신의 안전성을 알아보기 위해 백신접종 후 1주일 이내의 부작용을 조사하였다. 결과 :백신 접종군과 백신 비접종군에서 인플루엔자 양 질환의 이환을 조사한 결과 접종군 28.35%, 비접종군 35.88%으로 나왔으며, p 값이 0.001로 통계적으로 접종군에서 유의하게 낮았고, 인플루엔자 양 질환의 예방 효과는 20.97%를 보였다. 백신의 방어항체 형성의 평가를 위해 유럽의 인플루엔자 백신 허가 기준을 조사하였는데 B/Guangdong/5/94균주의 백신접종 후 항체가 40이상의 비율을 제외한 다른 기준은 모두 만족 시켰다. 부작용은 전체 조사자 521명중 149명(29%)으로 주로 접종 부위의 국소 부작용을 호소했고, 전신 부작용은 2% 내외였으며 특별히 심각한 부작용은 발견되지 않았다. 결론 : 분편 인플루엔자 백신은 인플루엔자양질환의 예방과 방어항체생성에 효과 있으며 안전한 것으로 사료된다. Background : The safety and effectiveness of influenza vaccine are well known in developed country. The influenza vaccination has been recommended as one of the tentative immunization schedule for indicated persons since 1997 in Korea. But there are still no available data about them, even though nearly 5 million doses of influenza vaccine were used in 1997-1998 season. So it is immediately needed to investigate the safety. efficacy and immunogenicity of influenza vaccine among Korean. Methods : We studied the clinical efficacy of influenza vaccine by monitoring Occurrence of influenza-like illness in influenza risk group(vaccination ; 300, non-vaccination; 215) from December in 1997 to March in 1998. We used the split quadrivalent influenza vaccine containing 15 microgram of hemagglutinin of A/Beijing/262/95(HlNl), A/Wuhan/359/95(H3N2), B/Mie/1/93 and B/Guangdong/5/94. Hemagglutination inhibition(HA1) antibody titers were determined before immunization and 1 months after vaccination And we evaluated adverse effect of influenza vaccination at 7 days after vaccination. Results : Influenza vaccination was associated with si@icant reductions in influenza-like spptoms(vaccination group; 28.35%, non-vaccination group, 35.88%, p=0.001). The preventive effect of influenza-like i3lne.s among influenza risk goup was 20.97%. And immunogenicity of influenza A and B exceeded all of the European licensure criteria for immunogenicity except postvaccination proportion of titers 240 of B/Guangdong/5/94 strain. And the adverse effects were mainly local injection site problem and no serious adverse effect was noted. Conclusion : Split influenza vaccine is safe, inmunogenic and eff'tive in influenza risk group in Korea.

身體 微細畸形 및 産科的 合倂症과 精神分裂症의 家族歷

홍경수,주연호,김용식,신철진,강웅구,이중서,정희연,주은정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

저자들은 정신분열병의 일부에서는 태생기 동안 유전 외적인 환경적 요인이 크게 작용할 것이라는 가정 하에 형제 정신분열병 환자군(남 15. 여 7)과 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(남 16, 여 7) 및 정상 대조군(남 16, 여 7)을 대상으로 가족력에 따른 산과적 합병증과 신체 미세 기형을 비교하였다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 연구 대상의 어머니와 면담하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 가족력에에 따라 발병 연령 등의 임상 양상들이 차이를 보이는지 비교함으로써 정신분열병을 좀 더 동질적인 아형으로 나눌 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 1) 형제 환자군, 산발성 환자군 및 정상 대조군의 세균에서 산과적 합병증의 개개의 항목 및 전체 점수의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신체 미세기형의 경우 입의 미세기 형에서 유의한 차이가 있었으나 그 외에 각 부위별 점수 및 전체 점수에서는 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 대부분의 신체 미세기형 세부 항목 및 전체점수에서 산발성 환자군이 형제 환자군에 비해 높은 신체 미세기형의 점수를 보이는 경향이 있었다. 2) 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 신체 미세기형의 전체 점수 사이에 상호 연관성을 찾아볼 수 없었다. 3) 발병연령·정신병리·약물에 대한 반응·병전 기능수준·지연성 운동장애 유무 등의 임상 양상들을 비교하였을때 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 임상 양상들을 비교하였을 때, 형제 환자군에서 분만시간과 회복시 전반적 기능수준간에, 산발성 환자군에서 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 발병 연령간에 상관관계가 있었으나 전체적으로 일관된 결과가 도출되지는 못하였다. 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 산과적 합병증이나 신체 미세기형이 정신분열병의 원인을 밝히는데 유익한 도구가 될 수는 있지만, 가족력 유무에 따라 정신분열병을 보다 동질적인 아형으로 구분하기 힘들다고 생각되었다. In order to test the hypothesis that familial schizophrenics have fewer chances of receiving organic insults during the fetal neural development than sporadic schizophrenics, the authors compared obstetric complications, minor physical anomalies, and other clinical features in sibling schizophrenics, sporadic schizophrenics and controls. Obstetric complications were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and minor physical anomalies were measured by the Waldrop scale. Sporadic schizophrenics had a significantly higher Waldrop score for mouth than sibling schizophrenics. Although there was some tendency of higher total scores for minor physical anomalies in sporadic schizophrenics, there were no statistically significant differences in obstetric complications and the other minor physical anomalies among three groups. There was no significant correlation between obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies. The clinical features such as age of onset, psychopathology, response to drugs, premorbid functioning, and tardive dyskinesia were not significantly different between sibling and sporadic scizophrenics. In conclusion, while the obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies were suggested to be useful in the search for the cause of schizophrenia, it was difficult to categorize schizophrenics into more homogeneous groups according to family history of schizophrenia using the parameter of obstetric complications and/ or minor physical anomalies.