Bupivacaine과 ropivacaine이 Xenopus oocyte에 발현된 HERG 전류에 미치는 영향

김국성,이규승,김효신,손숙진,이상도,김광진,전병화,김윤희,박진봉 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

Bupivacaine is an amide-type local anesthetic widely used for regional anesthesia. Ropivacaine is developed as a less cardiotoxic alternatives to bupivacaine. In the present study, we have analyzed the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on HERG currents expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine(3∼1,000μM) blocked HERG currents in a concentration dependent manner. EC_(50) was 26.1±3.1μM(n_(R) 0.65±0.04) and 43.5±7.9μM(n_(H) 0.99±0.13) in bupivacaine and ropivacaine, respectively. Bupivacaine and ropivacaine did not affect the activation and deactivation kinetics of HERG channels. However, the drugs decreased the slope conductance measured from fully activated current-voltage relationship curves. These results suggest that bupivacaine and ropivacaine have a similarinhibitory effect on HERG channels, which could be a possible cellular mechanism of LQT or ventricular arrythmia by the drugs.

알코올의 섭취가 흰쥐의 혈액과 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향

이명숙,김영연,김효숙,김매하,전진순,서진숙,송선미,양영재,윤원손,이미라,이효영,정승현 誠信女子大學校 生活文化硏究所 2004 生活文化硏究 Vol.18 No.-

To investigate the effects of ethanol on the lipid metabolism in blood and liver, twenty one male Sprague Dawley rats had orally taken the 25% alcohol and 50% alcohol by 5g per Kg of weight during 3 weeks after the adjusting period. For the energy balance, 85% sucrose and 45% sucrose was added in control group and 25% alcohol group each. The weight was reduced by alcohol treatment according to the levels, otherwise the weight of liver and heart was little increased in alcohol groups rather than in control without significance. Moreover, RBC, WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit were increased by alcohol treatment according to the levels without significance. Otherwise, adjusted bilirubin levels by 100g of weight was significantly increased by alcohol treatment dose dependently. Alcohol induced RBC degradation and increased circulated bilirubin because of liver damage. For blood lipid profiles, blood cholesterol was increased in 50% of alcohol group compared to that of 25% and control groups, otherwise, blood triglycerides (TG) was increased by 30% in 25% alcohol groups rather than in control but not significantly different. The hepatic lipid composition, cholesterol levels in alcohol treatment groups was lower than those in control. The hepatic TG was not influenced by alcohol treatment. The two reasons of decreasing hepatic lipids were suggested by 85% sucrose of control for energy balance more synthesized cholesterol and TG than those in 25 or 50% alcohol groups, and by cholesterol and TG could not be synthesized because of liver damage from alcohol.

말초염증에 의한 등족뿌리신경절의 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 합성의 변화

김상열,김정기,김효신,이상지,하선옥,홍해숙,김동선 대한해부학회 1998 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.31 No.3

성인간호학회지 논문(1989-2000)의 내용과 경향 분석

서문자,김소선,송미순,이명선,오의금,신경림,김옥수,이숙자,이영자,오효숙,정재심,김철규 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.4

"Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" has been published since 1989 and more than 330 articles have been published up 2000. We reviewed all the articles published in this journal to analyze the contents and trend of published articles and to find out the way of improvement both in quantity and quality of studies in this area. The results are as follows : 1) Ninety percent of articles were quantitative studies. Experimental design was used in 16.1% and quasi-experimental design was adapted in 73.6% of articles. Qualitative research were 10.3% of total articles reviewed. 2) Only 5.1% of articles described theoretical framework and 73.6% of experimentally designed articles included research hypotheses. 3) Among experimental studies, only one was true experimental studie design. Eighty nine point three persent had descriptive survey method among non-experimental studies. Amog the thirty four qualitative studies, phenomenologic(73.5%), grounded theory(14.7%), and ethnographic (11.8%) design were used. 4) Most of research subject were patients and few healthy people, healthcare worker, and patient family. 5) Psychosocial data collection method which used questionnaire were 53.7% and interview. physical measurement, observation were used in 22.8%. 8.2% 5.4% of articles respectively. 6) Total number of keywords were 692, and average number of key words per article was 2.2. Health-related keyword was the most frequently used according to four metaparadigm of nursing (human, health, nursing, and environment). Environment related keyword was rarely appeared. The number and quality of nursing research in "Journal of Korean Academy of Adult Nursing" have been improved continuously. It is difficult to find out special trend or characteristics which is unique in this journal because of relatively short history of adult nursing studies. This review study was performed to analyze adult nursing studies only in the view of quantitative aspect, but it is needed to analyse qualitatively to find philosophical or theoretical trend in nursing.

여성 기성복 치수실태 및 부위별 grading편차에 관한 연구 : 20대 정장의류 시장 중심으로 In 20's Dress Market

김효숙 건국대학교 1994 學術誌 Vol.38 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the problems of standard sizes in the women's ready-to-wear market. In this study the women's ready-to-wear in their twenties was chosen as the target of study, and a survey on the sizes of 24 brands of the women's ready-to-wear was made through three large department stores in Seoul and clothing shorts in Myongdong. And the data on fading deviation of 5 brands of the women's ready-to-wear were collected. The data was analyzed through their comparison with the physique of the women in their twenties published in the survey report on the national standard physique of 1992. The results obtained by analyzing the actual condition of the size of the women's ready-to-wear and discussion in this study were as follows: 1) Compared with the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear published in the survey report on the national standard physique of 1992, the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear being used in the ready-to-wear market for the women in their twenties were very large in bust girth, waist girth, and hip girth, and mass-pro-ducted. But the women's ready-to-wear in small sizes was little produced. 2) The range of the dimensions of center back waist length in the women's ready-to-wear produced was narrow, and the deviation between the sizes of the women's ready-to-wear was in many cases placed at time of grading. This is pointed out as a problem as the center back waist length comes to change when one's height changes. 3) It was found that the arm length of the women's ready-to-wear investigated was on the whole very large. 4) As a result of making a comparative analysis of the changes in the items of girth such as bust girth, waist girth, hip girth, etc through their division into width and thickness, it was shown that changes in their thickness of the women's ready-to-wear, were larger.

「임원십육지」정조지의 조리학적 고찰(Ⅱ) : 활팽지류의 부식류 중 습열 조리를 중심으로

김현숙;이효지 한양대학교 2005 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.25 No.1

Whalpang-ji-rhu of jongjo-ji is dealing with how to cook meat, fish, soup, roasting, raw fish, raw meat, drying, salted fish, preserving with salt, smoking, boiled dish, Calf’s-hoof jelly, sausage and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole. These are classified into steamed dishes. The summary of culinary classification is as follows. 1) There are soup(18), boiled dish(10), calf’s-hoof jelly(2), sausage(3) and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole(2) 2) Meat and fish take effect with curable food material. Food selection is based on health, taste and smell. It is for improving efficiency. It gives us good guideline for preparing and eating food in these days of serious food problem like fast food and poisonous food. No any other Korean old cook book but this book stress that reciprocal action among health, smell and taste is very important in terms of medicinal food which is characteristic of food in Cho-sun dynasty. 3) It mentions the effective heating methods and the usage of meat, fouls and fish by the methods. 4)The ingredients and seasoning for soup, boiled dish, Calf’s-hoof jelly, sausage and beef with vegetables cooked in casserole. (1) Ingredients -For meat and fouls: beef, lamb, pork, dog, venison, horse, meat, chicken, pheasant meat, rabbit meat, wild goose meat and inward parts of the each body. -For fish and shellfish: carp, crucian, dried Pollack, shad fish, mullet, crab, shrimp, snail, abalone, sea cucumber. -Egg, duck egg, -apricot, -mushroom -Rice, flour, mung bean flour, bean-curd, bean flour. Red bean, noodle, -Turnip, Radish, parsley, wax gourd, balloon flower, -Curable food material: orange peel, apricot stone, walnut, bamboo, yam, curd, bamboo shoot, gleditschia, mulberry, yellowwax hawthorn, Japanese apricot, cherry leaves, seed of paper mulberry,alum, persimmon, maximowiczia chinensis, fennel, milk vetch, foxglove, cinnamon, lime, shallot, hangni. (2) Seasoning -Leek, ginger, pepper, salt, vinegar, sugar, sesame, vine, oil, honey, soy sauce with vinegar, sesame oil, dried ginger. -Among them vinegar is very often used for cooking meat and fish. Conclusion, 『Whalpang-ji-rhu of jongjo-ji』 was differant that classfication of diets was recorded today. Food was impotant to regard a criterion of medicinal value an material and efficiency as harmony. It was a few of the other books that food was the same medicinal food. Forward I expect to revive that diets of 『jongjo-ji』 is good for the health food.

일본 생활과와 한국 슬기로운 생활과의 내용 분석

김효남,노금자,김화숙 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.6 No.1

The 1st and 2nd grade science-related textbooks of Japan and Korea are analyzed according to analysis system, which is consisted of knowledge and scientific inquiry processes categories. Each sentence in the textbooks is considered as an analyzing unit. The frequency and percentage of each category are counted and calculated. The results of this study are: 1. The frequency of scientific inquiry processes is more than that of knowledge in all of the 1st and 2nd grade textbooks. 2. Communication, problem cognition and observation are mostly emphasized in scientific inquiry process category. 3. Most of knowledge are factual scientific knowledge. 4. Science related contents are mostly biological knowledge, which is observing animal/plant and raising plant. Korean textbook include more physical science related contents like magnet and air.

아버지의 역할수행과 아동의 성취동기에 관한 연구

김진,이신숙,신효식 한국 가정과 교육 학회 1995 한국가정과교육학회지 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study were to identify the importance of fathers'roles on children. A survey was carreid out on 458 (227 boys and 231 girls) 6th-graders at randomly chosen 4 elementary schools in Kwangju. Frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation and pearson's coefficient were checked and one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and multiple regression analysis were also carried out on the collected data. The results were as follows: 1. Evaluation of fathers' role performance depending on background variables ranged from 46.17 to 58.51 points(equivalent to 61.56~78.01 points in the 100-point scale). Background variables that caused statistically significant difference were children's sex, fathers' religion (whether they had one or not), fathers' education, monthly family income and decision-makers at home. The degrees of fathers' role performance were higher when the answerers were girls, when fathers had religions, when fathers educational level was higher, when the family income was higher, and when all family members participated in the decisioin-making. 2. Evaluation of children's achievement motivation depending on background variables ranged from 77.17 to 84.34 points(equivalent to 68.90~75.35 points in the 100-point scale). Background variables that caused statistically significant differences were children's sex and decision-makers at home. Children's achievement motivation were higher in the case of girls and when all family members participated in the decisioin-making. 3. When it comes to the children's achievement motivation in relatio to fathers' role performance. 1) The overall aspect of fathers' role performance caused significant differences in children's achievement motivation. 2) The influence of fathers' role performance of children's achievement motivation was highest in the investigation-faciliator role ( =.25) and then the economic role ( =.14) and the valuetransmitter role ( =.14). The explanative power of these variables was 22%.

국산 어패럴 CAD 시스템에 관한 연구 : Viewpoint of AB(Ssoratack's Auto Boutique)

김효숙,이소영 건국대학교 생활문화연구소 2000 생활문화ㆍ예술논집 Vol.23 No.-

This study was performed intending to suggest development and activated distribution as well as efficient application regarding Korean style Apparel CAD System by analyzing certain functional characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and improvement on the process of production through using the first domestic Apparel CAD System AB(Auto Boutique) System to compose original form and jacket pattern. The Study selected basic form of element mainly to inspect the whole process of composing it by using AB(Auto Boutique) and transform it into basic form of jacket to consider efficient utilization and problems, the results are as follows ; 1. Minimum functional unit is dot, which has junction of finding accurate point and overlapping design's pattern draft onto basic draft to enable variation of design pattern. 2. Movement, separation and cut of piece can be performed by using mouse, various signals' designation(dotted line, line, button hole, selvage, tuck, notch, punch hole, etc.) is available. 3. Regarding transformation of line, straight line with straight line, basic line with master line, inter-transformation from basic line work to master line work are possible performed by using order code and curtailment key. 4. Presentation of dot and line is labelled with peculiar number, which is available for education, however, several dot of line will result in overlapping numbers each other, of adding furthermore function such as temporary erase of numbers in case or trans-position shall be more efficient. 5. Making use of imaginary page can arrange clear screen by solving the problem as disappearance of line when line's overlapped caused by transference, which, whereas, can cause decrease of speed when the function of system is low.

버섯 피클(Pickle) 제조 및 저장 중의 품질변화

김상철,김소연,하효철,박경숙,이재성 동아시아식생활학회 2001 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.11 No.5

The mushroom pickles were prepared as a processed mushroom product. The changes in pH, total acidity, brix, color and texture of the mushroom pickles (Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii) were measured during storage at 4℃. In addition, sensory evaluations on the mushroom pickles were performed. While the pH of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus pickles declined slowly, the pH of Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii pickles declined rapidly during storage, The total acidity of Lentinus edodes pickles rose slowly, while the acidity of Pleurotus ostreatus, Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus eryngii pickles rose rapidly, As for the color of mushroom pickles, "L", "a" and " b" values changed slightly. The changes in texture were determined by a rheometer, Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess and brittleness of Lentinus edodes pickles were lower than those of the other mushroom pickles. In the sensory evaluation of mushroom pickles, Lentinus edodes showed higher acceptability ratings than the other mushrooms in taste, color, clearness, texture and overall acceptability. This study showed that among the mushrooms tested, Lentinus edodes was the most acceptable mushroom pickle for storage.