정신분열병과 Neurotensin 수용체 유전자 다형성의 연합 연구

이유상,김형배,한진희,채영규,이정식,이혜순,주연호,김형섭,최인근,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.6

연구목적: Neurotensin(NT)은 NT수용체와 결합하여 그 효과를 나타내는 neuromodulator 혹은 neurotransmitter로서 대뇌에서 도파민의 분비를 조절하는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 근래의 연구에 의하면 NT와 그 수용체는 대뇌에서 항정신병 약물의 효과를 매개하는 것으로 생각되고 있으며 약물치료를 받지 않은 정신분열병 환자의 뇌척수액에서 NT의 양이 적으로 보고되고 있어 이들은 정신분열병과 깊은 관련을 가지고 있을 것으로 추정된다. 최근 NT수용체의 유전자의 3`인접영역에서 정보가치가 높은 4 염기반복 다형성이 발견되어 이를 유전 표지자로 하여 정신분열병과의 연합을 알아보았다. 방 법: 서로 혈연관계에 있지 않은 정신분열병 환자 120명(남자 91명, 여자 29명)과 정상 대조군 106명(남자 84명, 여자 22명)을 대상으로 하였다. PANSS를 사용하여 양성 및 음성을 알아보았다. 말초혈액에서 DNA를 분리한 후에 중합효소연쇄반응을 사용하여 3`인접영역에 있는 4 염기 반복 다형성을 증폭하였고 silver staining한 후에 유전자형을 관찰하였다. chi-square 검증과 Bonferroni`s correction을 사용하여 환자군과 정상 대조군간의 대립유전자 빈도의 차이를 알아보았다. 또한 양성 및 음성 환자군으로 나누어 차이를 알아보았다. 결 과: 총 23개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었으며, 399bp의 대립유전자(A10)의 빈도가 환자군보다 정상대조군에서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았다(χ²=16.49, df=1, p<0.001). 음성 정신분열병 환자군과 정상대조군 사이의 비교에서는 정상대조군의 A10의 빈도가 환자군보다 유의하게 높았다(χ²=21.33, df=1, p<0.001). 성별 비교에서 남자 정신분열병 환자군은 대조군에 비하여 A10의 분포가 유의하게 적었다. (χ²=13.71, df=1, p<0.001) 결 론: NT 수용체 유전자와 정신분열병사이에 음성연합이 관찰되었다. NT 수용체 유전자가 일부 정신분열병의 발병과정에서 확실하지는 않지만 어떤 종류의 보호기능을 할 수도 있다는 것을 암시한다. Objectives: Neurotensin(NT), of which functions are evoked by its interaction with neurotensin receptors(NTR), coexists with mesolimbic dopamine and regulates endogenous dopamine release. Recent studies have shown that NT with NTR exerts neuroleptic-like activity within the central nervous system and may play an important role in the pathogenesis and in the treatment of schizophrenia. We have examined the gentic association between schizophrenia and tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3-flanking region of the NTR gene to investigate the possible contribution of the NTR gene to the schizophrenia susceptibility. Methods: Among 23 alleles identified, the subjects were 120 patients(male 91, female 29)with schizophrenia and 106 normal healthy controls(male 84, female 22). They were unrelated native Korean. PANSS was used to determine positive or negative subgroup in the schizophrenic patients. Using polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism(CCTT and CTT) in the 3`-flanking region of NTR gene was observed. For a comparison of NTR gene`s allelic frequencies between patients with schizophrenia and normal healthy controls, chi-square test and Bonferroni`s correction was performed. Results: The frequency of A10 allele(base pair size=399)was significantly higher in normal healthy controls than schizophrenia(χ²=16.4902, df=1, p<.000). In the comparison between schizophrenic patients with negative symptoms and normal controls, the frequency of A10 allele was significantly higher in normal healthy control subjects than patients with schizophrenia(χ²=21.33, df=1, p<0.001). In the case of male, the frequency of A10 allele of schizophrenia was significantly higher than normal controls(χ²=13.71, df=1, p<0.001). Conclusions: NTR gene was negatively associated with schizophrenia. NTR gene`s tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism may provide some protective function against schizophrenia.

전기침이 구강동통에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

이창섭,송형근,이상호,최용성 大韓小兒齒科學會 1996 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

The effects of electro-acupuncture on the pain threshold and the amplitude of dEMG(digastric EMG) evoked by the noxious electric stimulation on teeth and gingiva in dogs were studied. Experiments were carried out with 10 dogs weighing 5-8kg. Each animal was anestheticed with Entobar given intraperitoneally in an initial dose of 30㎎/㎏. Maintenance dose of 5㎎/㎏/hr was given through a cannula, in the femoral vein, as required to keep up light anesthesia. Bipolar stimulating wire electrodes, 0.1mm in diameter, insulated except for tips, were inserted into the upper canine and palatal gingiva. Rectangular aluminium plate electrodes (15×5mm) were placed on acupuncture points, called Yin-Hsiang, located at both sides of the upper jaw. Rectangular biphasic current pulses of 2Hz, with a 250μsec duration,were delivered for 15 minutes. The dEMG activities were recorded from the anterior belly of the digastric muscle(one of the jaw opening muscles) using bipolar wire electrodes. The magnitude of the jaw opening reflex at different intensties of electro-acupuncture(1volt 4volt and 10volt) was estimated by averaging the 30 superimposed dEMGs recorded on an oscilloscope and audiomonitor. Data were analysed statistically with ANOVA and paired t-test. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Pain thresholds were increased 7.7%, 15.4%, 17.3% in the teeth and 11.1%, 19.0%, 25.4% in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 2. Amplitudes of dEMG were decreaed 8.3%, 22.4%, 27.4% in the teeth and 9.8%, 36.5%, 42.2% in the gingiva as the intensities of electro-acupuncture increased incrementally. 3. Inhibition of pain responses by the electroacupuncture was more effective in the gingiva than in the teeth.

광학활성 B-Alkoxy-9broabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-Potassium Hydride 환원계에 의한 라세미 에폭시화물의 분할

李光雨,孔亨根,車震淳 嶺南大學校附設 基礎科學硏究所 1986 基礎科學硏究 Vol.6 No.-

In this study, chiral B-alkoxy-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-potassium hydride systems were applied to the resolution of representative racemic epoxides, namely 1,2-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxyoctane and styrene oxide. Chiral B-alkoxy-9-BBN systems were synthesized from the reaction of 9-BBN with (-)-isopinocampheol and (-)-cis-myrtanol, respectively. The resolution of 2 equiv of racemic epoxide was carried out with 1 equiv of the reducing system at 0℃. Thus, the 1 equiv of epoxide was reduced to the alcohol, remaining the other 1 equiv of epoxide intact. The resolving ability of these systems in terms of optical purity of the alcohol appeared to be 25-40% in the case of aliphatic epoxide and 9-12% in the case of styrene oxide. The absolute configuration of the alcohols is consistent with (R)-(-)-aliphatic alcohol and (S)-(-)-1-phenylethanol.

경피전기신경자극의 동통억제효과에 대한 실험적 연구

송형근,이상호,계기성,유종만 大韓小兒齒科學會 1995 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.22 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electrical anesthesia induced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on inhibition of the pain response evoked by noxious electrical stimuli in teeth and gingiva. The experiment was carried out on anesthetized dogs. Left digastric muscle was exposed and wire electrodes were inserted into the muscles to record E.M.G.. Bipolar stimulating electrodes were inserted into the tooth of canine and the palatal area of gingiva. Noxious electrical stimuli were delivered to the tooth and the gingiva by electric stimulator(GrassTM, USA) under electronic anesthesia induced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation device with frequency of 50㎐. The E.M.G. of jaw opening reflex at digastric muscle was measured by the osciloscope and the audiometer connected to amplifier(A-M system, 1700, USA) at different intensity of electronic anesthesia of 1 volt, 4 volt, and 10 volt. The pain threshold and the inhibitory rate of pain via E.M.G. of digastric muscle were analysed statistically with paired t-test adn χ2-test. The obtained results were as follows ; 1. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with intensity of 1 volt and 4 volt increased the pain threshold 9.4% and 18.6% in teeth and 14.3% and 32.1% in gingiva respectively, but that of 10 volt did not change or reduce the pain threshold. 2. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with intensity of 1 volt, 4 volt, and 10 volt showed the inhibitory effect of pain of 10.5%, 15.0% and 4.6% in teeth, and 18.2%, 23.4%, and 19.3% in gingiva respectively when noxious electrical stimulation was inserted 1.5 times higher than the pain threshold. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with intensity of 10 volt did not show inhibitory effect of the pain response as that of 1 volt and 4 volt. 3. The pain threshold in gingiva was increased higher by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation than it was in teeth, and the inhibitory effect of the pain in gingiva was also increased higher than it was in teeth. In regard to above results, inhibitory effects of pain induced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was not so high as to replace the role of drug anesthesia wholly. The technique of reducing pain induced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation itself, was needed to develop to have better anesthetic or analgesic effect and less discomfort during anesthetic procedure.

구내 골신장술 후 식립된 전치부 임플란트보철 치험보고

김한석,김명래,이성근,강상원,김기환,김형섭 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.1

Objective : This is to report the effectiveness of intraoral distraction osteogenesis for alveolar augmentation in the extremely atrophied alveolar defects and to review the clinical results of the 2 cases. Subjects and Methods : Anterior segmental osteotomy was performed and the trans-oral alveolar distractors(Martin, Germany) were applied in 2 patients with the severe acquired anterior maxillary and mandibular defect. After latent period for 1 week, the osteomized alveolar segments were distracted by 1 ㎜ a day (0.5 ㎜/l turn) for 8 days in case Ⅰ and 0.6 ㎜ a day(0.3 ㎜/l turn) for 10 days in case Ⅱ. The consolidation period was about 8 weeks in each case. Thereafter, 6 titanium threaded implants(Branemark, Restore) were simultaneously installed with removal of distractor. The implants were tested clinically and radiographically. Results : Amounts of acquired alveolar bone were 8 ㎜ in case Ⅰ and 6 ㎜ in case Ⅱ respectively, with the increased width of the ridge crests and soft tissue expansion. Dental implants installated on the augmented alveolar ridges in 8 weeks after distrction were confirmed as in good osseointegration and in good function without any complications. Conclusion : Intraoral distraction osteogenesis can be a good option for alveolar ridge augmentation of the severely atrophied ridges and soft-tissue defects. However, for the better vector control of distracting segments and for anterior esthetics, customized distraction devices could be considered later.

소하천 유역의 도달시간 관측에 관한 연구

김기흥,류근상,신영철,이형래 진주산업대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2004 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.11

In order to evaluate six formula of T_(c) presented in the facilities criterion of small basin, the water stages were observed on fifteen mountainous small basin in Sanchung county region. The results of six formula compared with the observed data to evaluate T_(c). All basin area were less than 2.25 ㎢. The average basin area was 1.19 ㎢, the average basin length was 1.65 ㎢, the average basin slope was 6.95%, average length and slope of main channel were 1.86 ㎞ and 7%. The average T_(c) was 33.77 minutes and results of six formula showed the changes in average and standard deviation widely. The conclusions obtained in this study are as follows. The time of concentration was influenced basin slope, basin length, basin slope and channel slope consequently but did not affected the shape factor of basin.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

A Study on Physiological and Antiobesity Activity of Complex Extract of Nelumbo nucifera G. and Development of Functional Diet Products

Hyeong-Hwan Lee,Yun Geun Kim,Keon Hee Ko,Gyeong Hwan Lee,Seon Jeong Kim,Yeong Jun Ban 한국식품영양과학회 2018 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2018 No.10

Reference Compensation Technique of a Fuzzy Controlled Inverted Pendulum System for Control Education

Geun Hyeong Lee,Seul Jung 제어로봇시스템학회 2008 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

This article presents the implementation of a neuro-fuzzy like controller design for an inverted pendulum system. The inverted pendulum system is controlled by a nominal Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) type fuzzy controller whose outputs are linear. Then the neural network is added to improve system performances by compensating signals at the reference input. Shaping input signals forms an inverse dynamics control scheme of the closed loop system whose scheme is called the reference compensation technique. The back-propagation learning algorithm for the neural network is derived for on-line learning and control. The learning algorithm has been implemented on a DSP 6713 board to achieve real time control. The proposed controller has been tested to control both balancing and tracking the position of the inverted pendulum system.

Design analysis of DC electromagnetic pump for liquid sodium–CO₂ reaction experimental characterization

Lee, Geun Hyeong,Kim, Hee Reyoung Pergamon Press 2017 Annals of nuclear energy Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A DC electromagnetic pump with a rectangular channel was optimally designed and fabricated for studying the reaction between liquid sodium and carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) gas in a sodium fast reactor. Heat exchange using CO<SUB>2</SUB> gas has recently been proposed for the secondary sodium loop of the sodium fast reactor being developed in Korea because of the strong chemical reaction between liquid sodium and water. A DC conduction-type electromagnetic pump with a rectangular channel was selected to circulate liquid sodium in the experimental test loop for the sodium–CO<SUB>2</SUB> reaction. Electromagnetic force, which was generated by the Lorentz force of an electrical equivalent circuit, was used to drive the liquid sodium. The developed pressure of the pump was investigated using optimization of the geometrical and electromagnetic variables of the pump considering Lorentz force, electromotive force, and hydraulic loss in the narrow channel of the pump. The characteristics of the developed pressure were studied with respect to the flow rate, and the pump was fabricated using the optimized design specifications. The distributions of current and magnetic flux density in the narrow channel were calculated for the fabricated DC electromagnetic pump with a flow rate of 3L/min and developed pressure of 0.05bar, operated at a temperature of 300°C. A comparative analysis of the performance of the designed pump was investigated by considering the fringe effects and Lorentz force using both the equivalent circuit method and numerical analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Rectangular DC electromagnetic pump is analyzed using equivalent circuit method. </LI> <LI> Design variables of DC electromagnetic pump are optimized. </LI> <LI> Lorentz force is calculated using distribution of current and magnetic flux density. </LI> </UL> </P>