Effects of Addition Level and Chemical Type of Propionate Precursors in Dicarboxylic Acid Pathway on Fermentation Characteristics and Methane Production by Rumen Microbes In vitro

Li, X.Z.,Yan, C.G.,Choi, S.H.,Long, R.J.,Jin, G.L.,Song, Man K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2009 Animal Bioscience Vol.22 No.1

Two in vitro experiments were conducted to examine the effects of propionate precursors in the dicarboxylic acid pathway on ruminal fermentatation characteristics, $CH_4$ production and degradation of feed by rumen microbes. Fumarate or malate as sodium salts (Exp. 1) or acid type (Exp. 2) were added to the culture solution (150 ml, 50% strained rumen fluid and 50% artificial saliva) to achieve final concentrations of 0, 8, 16 and 24 mM, and incubated anaerobically for 0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h at $39^{\circ}C$. For both experiments, two grams of feed consisting of 70% concentrate and 30% ground alfalfa (DM basis) were prepared in a nylon bag, and were placed in a bottle containing the culture solution. Addition of fumarate or malate in both sodium salt and acid form increased (p<0.0001) pH of culture solution at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h incubations. The pH (p<0.0001) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA, p<0.05) were enhanced by these precursors as sodium salt at 3, 6 and 9 h incubations, and pH (p<0.001) and total VFA (p<0.01) from fumarate or malate in acid form were enhanced at a late stage of fermentation (9 h and 12 h) as the addition level increased. pH was higher (p<0.001) for fumarate than for malate as sodium salt at 3 h and 6 h incubations. Propionate ($C_3$) proportion was increased (p<0.0001) but those of $C_2$ (p<0.05) and $C_4$ (p<0.01 - p<0.001) were reduced by the addition of sodium salt precursors from 3 h to 12 incubation times while both precursors in acid form enhanced (p<0.011 - p<0.0001) proportion of $C_3$ from 6h but reduced (p<0.018 - p<0.0005) $C_4$ proportion at incubation times of 1, 3, 9 and 12 h. Proportion of $C_3$ was increased (p<0.05 - p<0.0001) at all incubation times by both precursors as sodium salt while that of $C_3$ was increased (p<0.001) from 6h but $C_4$ proportion was decreased by both precursors in acid form as the addition level increased. Proportion of $C_3$ was higher (p<0.01 - p<0.001) for fumarate than malate as sodium salt from 6 h incubation but was higher for malate than fumarate in acid form at 9 h (p<0.05) and 12 h (p<0.01) incubation times. Increased levels (16 and 24 mM) of fumarate or malate as sodium salt (p<0.017) and both precursors in acid form (p<0.028) increased the total gas production, but no differences were found between precursors in both chemical types. Propionate precursors in both chemical types clearly reduced (p<0.0001 - p<0.0002) $CH_4$ production, and the reduction (p<0.001 - p<0.0001) was dose dependent as the addition level of precursors increased. The $CH_4$ generated was smaller (p<0.01 - p<0.0001) for fumarate than for malate in both chemical types. Addition of fumarate or malate as sodium type reduced (p<0.004) dry matter degradation while both precursors in both chemical types slightly increased neutral detergent fiber degradability of feed in the nylon bag.

포상기태와 융모상피암 환자의 갑상선기능

박기현,김현만,허갑범,이현철,김경래,김한수,김주항,김세광 대한내분비학회 1988 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.3 No.1

It has been recognized that hyperthyroidism occur in patients with trophoblastic disease, either hydatidiform moles or choriocarcinomas. In the past decade, several lines of evidence have shown that human chorionic gonadotropin, secreted by the trophoblastic disease, is a thyroid stimulator and causes hyperthyroidism. In order to evaluate the relationship between level of thyroid hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin in patients with trophoblastic disease, level of thyroid hormone, serum -HCG and amount of urinary excretion of HCG were measured and analyzed in 24 patients with hydatidiform mole and 11 patients with choriocarcinoma who were admitted to Yonsei University Severance Hospital during the period from January 1981 to December 1986. The results are summarzed as follows: 1) Hyperthyroidism was observed in 33.3% of the patients with hydatidiform mole and in 18.2% of the patients with choriocarcinoma. 2) The amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG in patients with hyperthyroidism was more than that in euthroid patients. 3) There was no difference in the level of thyroid hormone, serum -HCG, and amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG in patients with hydatidifrom mole and choriocarcinoma. 4) The amount of 24 hour urinary excretion of HCG had significant correlation with FT4, whereas no similar correlation was observed between the levels of thyroid hormone and serum -HCG. In conclusion, the occurrence of hyperthyroidism is closely related with the amount of urinary excretion of HCG in patients with trophblastic disease.

Intranasal Adenovirus-Vectored Vaccine for Induction of Long-Lasting Humoral Immunity-Mediated Broad Protection against Influenza in Mice

Kim, Eun Hye,Park, Hae-Jung,Han, Gye-Yeong,Song, Man-Ki,Pereboev, Alexander,Hong, Jeong S.,Chang, Jun,Byun, Young-Ho,Seong, Baik Lin,Nguyen, Huan H. American Society for Microbiology 2014 Journal of virology Vol.88 No.17

<P>Influenza vaccines aimed at inducing antibody (Ab) responses against viral surface hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) provide sterile immunity to infection with the same subtypes. Vaccines targeting viral conserved determinants shared by the influenza A viruses (IAV) offer heterosubtypic immunity (HSI), a broad protection against different subtypes. We proposed that vaccines targeting both HA and the conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) would provide protection against infection with the same subtype and also HSI against other subtypes. We report here that single intranasal immunization with a recombinant adenovirus (rAd) vector encoding both HA of H5 virus and M2e (rAdH5/M2e) induced significant HA- and M2e-specific Ab responses, along with protection against heterosubtypic challenge in mice. The protection is superior compared to that induced by rAd vector encoding either HA (rAdH5), or M2e (rAdM2e). While protection against homotypic H5 virus is primarily mediated by virus-neutralizing Abs, the cross-protection is associated with Abs directed to conserved stalk HA and M2e that seem to have an additive effect. Consistently, adoptive transfer of antisera induced by rAdH5/M2e provided the best protection against heterosubtypic challenge compared to that provided by antisera derived from mice immunized with rAdH5 or rAdM2e. These results support the development of rAd-vectored vaccines encoding both H5 and M2e as universal vaccines against different IAV subtypes.</P><P><B>IMPORTANCE</B> Current licensed influenza vaccines provide protection limited to the infection with same virus strains; therefore, the composition of influenza vaccines has to be revised every year. We have developed a new universal influenza vaccine that is highly efficient in induction of long-lasting cross-protection against different influenza virus strains. The cross-protection is associated with a high level of vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved stalk domain of influenza virus hemagglutinin and the ectodomain of matrix protein. The vaccine could be used to stimulate cross-protective antibodies for the prevention and treatment of influenza with immediate effect for individuals who fail to respond to or receive the vaccine in due time. The vaccine offers a new tool to control influenza outbreaks, including pandemics.</P>

Use of Thixoforming as a Manufacturing Method for Metallic Composites

Hüsnügül Yilmaz Atay,David Aišman,Hana Jirková,Mária Behulova,Bohuslav Mašek 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.9

Thixoforming is one of the members of the family of semi-solid forming processes. It is possible to obtain complex shapeof materials by this method and unconventional microstructures can be achieved due to its thixotropic properties. However,in this study thixoforming was used not only as forming method but also as a manufacturing method. Metallic compositeswere manufactured by a process of integration of powder metallurgy and semi-solid production technique. The mixture ofCo72.5B15Si12.5alloy and Fe powders become partially melted, compressed mechanically in semi-solid state and filled intricatecavities. Without changing alloy structure, it could be possible to reinforce it with Fe powders. Moreover, the final shapeof the product could be achieved at the same time. Prior to the process, Co72.5B15Si12.5alloy obtained in the form of stickwas characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDX),differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), light microscope and micro-hardness machine. The stick wasmilled to get alloy powders and they were blended with iron. Characterization of the structures of the composite materialwas performed. It was concluded that the heating process of iron and alloy powders provides the formation of compact metalmatrix composites.

Effect of the Different pH Levels of Nutrient Solution on the Growth and Color of Echeveria ‘Perle von Nurnberg’

Pil Man Park,Su Young Lee,Pue Hee Park,Hye Ryun An,J. Ryan Stewart,Héctor Genaro Ortiz Cano 한국화훼학회 2021 화훼연구 Vol.29 No.3

양액 pH가 에케베리아 생육과 색상에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 에케베리아 ‘Perle von Nurnberg’ 품종을 선택하여 미국 유타주 프로보(Provo)시 소재 브리검영대학교 Plant and Wildlife 학과의 연구온실에서 수행되었다. 이 품종에 pH 4, pH 7 및 pH 10 3종류의 양액을 공급하여 연구를 수행하였다. 양액 pH 4 처리구에서는 초폭이 120.6mm로 pH 10 처리구의 105.3mm 보다 크게 자랐으며 유의성도 있었다. 하지만 엽장, 엽폭, 엽수에 있어서는 처리간 유의성은 없었다. pH meter를 통해서 식물체 즙액의 pH 를 측정하였는데 4.5에서 4.7 범위의 값을 보였으며 처리간 유의성은 없었다. 위의 결과로 양액의 pH는 식물체의 pH에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 색차계를 이용하여 CIELAB 값을 측정하였을 때 pH 4 처리구에서의 적색도(a)는 -4.0이었으며 pH 10 처리구보다 더 녹색을 띠었다. 명도(L)과 황색도(b) 값은 처리간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. HPLC를 통한 안토시아니딘 분석에서는 주로 cyanidin, delphinidin 및 pelargonidin의 함량이 모든 처리구에서 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 공급양액의 pH가 상승함 따라 그 함량도 높아지는 경향을 보였다. Petunidin, malvidin 함량은 미량으로 존재하였으며, peonidin은 분석되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 양액을 pH 10으로 처리하였을 때 에케베리아의 생육억제와 잎 착색에 가장 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. This experiment investigated the growth and leaf color of Echeveria ‘Perle von Nnurnberg’ in the experimental greenhouse of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. For one month, this cultivar was grown with three pH levels in nutrient solutions of pH 4, 7, and 10. The plant diameter of pH 4 nutrient solution was 120.6 mm and significantly bigger than that of pH 10 (105.3 mm). However, there were no significant differences in leaf length, leaf width, and number of leaves. The plant pH was measured by leaf extraction using a pH meter. The pH values were 4.5–4.7, but not significantly different among the treatments. Our result showed that the pH of the nutrient solution did not affect the plant pH. Additionally, the CIELAB values of leaves were measured using a colorimeter. The redness (a) of leaves in pH 4 treatment was -4.0, and the leaf was more greenish than that of pH 10 treatment. The degrees of lightness (L) and yellowness (b) were not significantly different among the treatments. From high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC), cyanidin, delphinidin, and pelargonidin were mainly detected in the treatments. As the pH level of the nutrient solutions increased, these anthocyanidins contents trended to be high. The contents of petunidin and malvidin were relatively small, and peonidin was not detected in all treatments. we conclude that pH10 treatment of the nutrient solution was most effective for the growth retardation and coloration of leaf in Echeveria.

발전설비계획과 송전설비계획을 연계한 통합설비계획에 관한 연구

金發鎬,韓錫萬 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The competitive electricity market requires a new paradigm in the capacity planning. Market participants operate their facilities and plan new capacities for the benefit maximizing. However, the public system planner should provide the national guideline, because the power system is costly & large item. This paper presents a methodology on a generation expansion planning incorporating the transmission expansion planning as a public policy. The proposed model is formulated as a mixed integer programming that minimized operation and construction costs. This model is demonstrate by a case study.

Mechanical properties of fiber/graphene epoxy hybrid composites

Tolga Topkaya,Yahya Hışman Çelik,Erol Kilickap 대한기계학회 2020 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.34 No.11

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of graphene nanoparticle (GNP) reinforcement on the mechanical properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aramid fiber reinforced polymer (AFRP) composites commonly used in the space and defense industry. Accordingly, GFRP, CFRP and AFRP composites were produced by using hot pressing method. In addition, hybrid fiber composites were produced by adding 0.1 %, 0.2 % and 0.3 % GNP to these fiber reinforced composites. The tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the composites were determined. The tensile damage fracture regions were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy distribution spectrum (EDS). It was observed that the addition of 0.2 wt. % GNP to GFRP and CFRP composites increased tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. However, the addition of 0.2 wt. % GNP to AFRP composites had no effect on the tensile strength; on the contrary, it partially reduced the tensile strength but increased the modulus of elasticity. On the fracture damage surfaces of the GFRP and CFRP composites and the GNP/GFRP and GNP/CFRP hybrid composites, the fibers were completely separated. On the damage surfaces of AFRP composite and GNP/AFRP hybrid composites, the fibers were deformed but these fibers were not separated from each other. From the EDS analysis, it was observed that the element C increased in the composites with the addition of GNP to the fiber reinforced composites.

Cyclophosphamide의 간헐적 대량 투여로 다발성 단신경염의 호전을 보인 알레르기성 육아종증 1예

최동철,고은미,정만표,김호중,권오정,한용철,김병준,한정호,이종헌,이병재 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.3S

Churg-Strauss syndrome is a rare systemic vasculitis characterized by presence of asthma and eosinophilia. Survival was rare in pre--steroid era. After introduction of steroid, there have been much improvement in overall survival rate and median survival. The vascultic illness usually requires high dose steroid teratment for several weeks and responds well to corticosteroids. But mononeuritis multiplex responds to steroids more gradually and sometimes requires cytotoxic drugs such as azathioprine, hydroxyurea or cyclophophamide We report a 40 year-old asthmatic female with purpuric skin lesions, pain and paresthesia of both hands and feet, left foot drop and eosinophila. Skin and nerve biopsy demonstrated necrotizing vascultis with perivascular infiltration of eosinophils. Nerve conduction studies showed changes compatible with mononeuritis multiplex. Purpuric skin lesion disappeared and both eosinophilia and sedimentation rate decreased into normal range within a week after steroid treatment whereas neurologic symptoms

기관지석으로 발현한 기관지성 방선균증 1예

정숙인,천정학,홍종락,고영민,정만표,권오정,이종헌,백경란,송재훈 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

기관지성 방선균증은 매우 예외적이고 드물며 임상양상이 다양하여 폐암과의 감별이 어렵기도 하지만 기관지내시경 검사를 통해 진단할 수 있고 항생제 투여로 완치될 수 있는 질환이다. 저자들은 기관지석과 함께 발현한 기관지성 방선균증을 장기간의 경구 항생제 요법으로 완치한 1례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Endobronchial actmomycosis is considered as an exceptional event. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman who presented with cough and exertional dyspnea for 20 months. Her chest X-ray showed calcified lymph nodes in the right lower paratracheal and subcarinal area and consolidation in the right middle lobe. Bronchoscopic examination demonstrated whitish broncholithiasis with mucosal nodularity in the bronchus intermedius obstructing the lumen near-completely. The biopsy specimen revealed sulfur granules and calcified material which were consistent with actmomycosis. Prolonged oral antibiotic treatment resulted in complete recovery, without need for surgical resection.

Angle‐Independent Reflectors: Flexible, Angle‐Independent, Structural Color Reflectors Inspired by Morpho Butterfly Wings (Adv. Mater. 18/2012)

Chung, Kyungjae,Yu, Sunkyu,Heo, Chul‐,Joon,Shim, Jae Won,Yang, Seung‐,Man,Han, Moon Gyu,Lee, Hong‐,Seok,Jin, Yongwan,Lee, Sang Yoon,Park, Namkyoo,Shin, Jung H. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.18

<P>The image shows a schematic representation of close‐packed multilayer reflecting columns with the same periodicity but with random variations in location, both in horizontal and vertical dimensions, that form the Morpho‐mimetic thin‐film structural color reflectors described in the manuscript by J. H. Shin and co‐workers, on page 2375. Overlaid are photographs of an actual Morpho butterfly, a 6‐inch diameter Morpho‐mimetic thin film that demonstrates its color, brightness, and flexibility, and images of cyan, green, and red ‘Morpho butterflies’ created from photos of Morpho‐mimetic thin films with corresponding colors. </P>