다구치 기법을 이용한 차량 현가계 하드포인트의 동력학적 최적화에 관한 연구

김동규,김우영,백종진 조선대학교 에너지.자원신기술연구소 2004 에너지·자원신기술연구소 논문지 Vol.26 No.2

This paper presents a method to optimize the suspension geometry, that is, hard points in front double whishbone type suspension of a jeep using the multi body dynamic simulation software and Taguchi method. The hard points have an effect on toe angle largely. The vehicle models include front and rear suspensions and are modeled with the interconnection of rigid bodies by kinematic joints and force elements using DADS. The design variables to have an effecton the kinematic characteristics are obtained through the parametric study and sensitive analysis with bump steer simulation of front suspension. An objective function is defined as the area of absolute differences between the desired and experimental toe angle. The design vahables that make the toe angle optimized are selected using the Taguchi method. The objective function for handling performance is RMU(Root Mean Squares) of the roll angle, roll rate, yaw rate, and lateral acceleration at center of the gravity of a body while lane change. To evaluate hard points of the optimized the front suspension, lane change simulations are performed.

의과대학 학생의료 봉사를 위한 농촌지역 사회진단 : 충청북도 진천군 백곡면 Baek-Gok Myun, Jin-Cheon Gun, Chung-Cheong-Buk Do

강지욱,조지희,황희성,김금미,백혜승,신정현 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1986 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.18

A Study on environmental sanitation and health status was made so as to be able to plan for effective medical student health survice in a Korean rural community Baek-Gok Myun. For the study, total 263 households of three Ries out of nine Ries wer selected and an interview using family record and questionnair was carried out for each household by 10 medical students from July, 22, to 26, 1985. And following results were obtained: 1) Population of three Ries was 1,234; male, 645 and female, 589. Sex ratio: 109.5 2) Family size : The average household consisted of 4.5 persons. 3) Dependency rate : 68.3% Environmental sanitation: 1) The source of drinking water. water distribution system 60.1% well pump 36.5% spring water 3.4% 2) The kind of using privy proved-privy 83.3% pit-privy 15.6% openair privy 1.1% 3) Distance between well and using privy more than 10m 46.7% 5-9m 36.2% less than 5m 17.1% Status of chronic illness: 1) Morbidity rate: 120.7 per 1,000 population 2) Usual causes of illness Arthritis 16.0% Neuralgia 9.4% Notalgia 8.7% Maternal & Child Health: 1) Prenatal care rate: 27.0% 2) Average number of pregnancy : 3.7±1.9times 3) Abortion rate : 26.0% 4) Delivery rate in medical facilities : 28.0% 5) Vaccination rate DPT 87.5% Poliomyelitis 81.9% BCG 80.6% Measles 70.8% 6) Planned weaning rate : 13.0% 7) Child death experience rate : 6.0% Family planning 1) Family planning practice rate : 73.0% 2) Used methods Sterilization 53.0% (Male 4.0%, Female 49.0%) I.U.D 14.0% Oral pill 5.0% Others 10.0%

우리나라 일별 강수발생의 확률과 주기성의 특성

문승의,김백조,하창환 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.2

The characteristics on the transtion probabilities and periodicity for the daily precipitation occurrence in Korean peninsula are investigated by applying the Markov chain properties to daily precipitation occurrence. In order to examine the responses of Markov Chain properties to the applied period and their magnitudes, three cases (Case A: 1956∼1985 at 14 stations, Case B: 1965∼1994 at 14 stations, and Case C: 1985∼1994 at 63 stations) are considered in this study. The transition probabilities from wet day to wet day for all cases are about 0.50 and in summer, especially July, are higher. In addition, considering them in each station we can find that they are the highest at Ullung-do and lowest at Inchon for all cases. The annual equilibrium probabilities of a wet day appear 0.31 in Case A, 0.30 Case B, and 0.29 Case C, respectively. This may explain that as the data-period used becomes shorter, the higher the equilibrium probability is. The seasonal distributions of equilibrium probabilities are appeared the lowest(0.23∼0.28) in winter and the highest(more than 0.39) in spring and monthly in July and in October, repectively. The annual mean wet duration for all cases is 2.04 days in Case A, 1.99 Case B, and 1.89 Case C, repectively. The weather cycle obtained from the annual mean wet and dry duration is 6.54∼6.59 days, which are closely associated with the movement of synoptic systems. And the statistical tests show that the transitions of daily precipitation occurrence for all cases may have two-state first Markov chain property, being the stationarity in time and heterogeneity in space.

The New Insight on Snowfall Occurrence over the Southwestern Part of Korean Peninsula

Baek-Jo Kim,Chun-Ho Cho,Hyo-Sang Chung 한국기상학회 2005 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2005 No.-

An Observational Study on Environment and Structure of Mesoscale Convections along a Changma Front during KEOP-2004

Baek-Jo Kim,Chun-Ho Cho,Hyo-Sang Chung 한국기상학회 2004 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

The collective value of weather probabilistic forecasts according to public threshold distribution patterns

Kim, In‐,Gyum,Kim, Jeong‐,Yun,Kim, Baek‐,Jo,Lee, Ki‐,Kwang John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2014 Meteorological applications Vol.21 No.3

<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>The Korea Meteorological Administration has limited understanding of how users interpret probabilistic forecast information and use it in their decision‐making processes. Thus, a survey was conducted among users to find out at which probability threshold for adverse weather they would react and take protective action to minimize the losses. According to previous studies, probability threshold depends on the type of users but they are in general higher than a 50% forecasts chance of adverse weather, even though research has shown that the forecast value is maximized when actions are taken for probability of adverse weather lower than 50%. A collective value score model, defined as a weighted sum of user's satisfaction and threshold distribution in a group of users, is introduced as a measure of total satisfaction of a user group. The collective value score model is applied to a set of precipitation probabilistic forecasts of Seoul, South Korea during 2002–2011. The results show that the collective value score can be improved if the range of users' probability thresholds is widened rather than improving the forecast accuracy.</P>

An Economic Evaluation of Thread Embedding Acupuncture for the Treatment of Lumbar Herniated Intervertebral Disc in a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Kim, Ha-Na,Kim, Jun-Yeon,Park, Kyeong-Ju,Hwang, Ji-Min,Jang, Jun-Yeong,Jo, Min-Gi,Ko, Min-Jung,Chae, Sang-Yeup,Kim, Jung-Hyun,Goo, Bonhyuk,Park, Yeon-Cheol,Seo, Byung-Kwan,Baek, Yong-Hyeon,Nam, Sang-S Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2021 대한침구의학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Background: Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (LHIVD) is a frequently presented condition/disease in Korean medical institutions. In this study, the economics of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial comparing TEA with sham TEA (STEA). Methods: This economic evaluation was analyzed from a limited social perspective, and the per-protocol set was from a basic analysis perspective. The cost-effectiveness analysis was based on the change in visual analog scale score, and the cost-utility analysis was based on the quality-adjusted life years. The final results were expressed as the average cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and furthermore sensitivity analysis was performed to confirm the robustness of the results observed. Results: The cost-effectiveness analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the decrease in 100 mm visual analog scale score was 8.5 mm greater in the TEA group compared with the STEA group (p > 0.05). The cost-utility analysis showed that TEA was 9,908 won lower than STEA, while the quality-adjusted life years of TEA was 0.0026 years higher than STEA (p > 0.05). These results were robust in the sensitivity analysis, but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: In treating LHIVD, TEA appeared to have cost-effectiveness and cost-utility compared with STEA. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in terms of cost, effectiveness, and utility indicators. Therefore, results must be interpreted prudently; this study was the 1^st to conduct an economic evaluation of TEA for LHIVD.

Elevated Serum Levels of Syndecan-1 Are Associated with Renal Involvement in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Kim, Ki-Jo,Kim, Ji-Young,Baek, In-Woon,Kim, Wan-Uk,Cho, Chul-Soo Journal of Rheumatology Pub. Co 2015 The Journal of rheumatology Vol.42 No.2

<P><B>Objective.</B></P><P>Syndecan-1 (SDC-1) is a major constituent of the endothelial glycocalyx, which plays a role in maintaining vascular homeostasis and functions as a glomerular filtration barrier. SDC-1 is readily shed into the blood under various conditions, but the clinical implication of circulating SDC-1 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association of serum SDC-1 level with certain clinical manifestations of SLE.</P><P><B>Methods.</B></P><P>We measured serum SDC-1 levels by ELISA in 111 patients with SLE, 18 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 20 healthy subjects, and investigated its association with clinical manifestations and laboratory variables.</P><P><B>Results.</B></P><P>Serum SDC-1 levels were higher in patients with SLE than in those with RA and healthy controls (both p < 0.001) and were positively correlated with SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI; r = 0.367, p < 0.001) and anti-dsDNA antibody level (r = 0.259, p = 0.007), but inversely correlated with serum C3 and CH50 levels (r = −0.305, p = 0.001 and r = −0.244, p = 0.012). Patients with active nephritis had higher serum SDC-1 levels than patients with inactive nephritis and those without nephritis (both p < 0.001). In addition, serum SDC-1 levels were correlated with renal SLEDAI score (r = 0.540, p < 0.001) and excretion of proteinuria as measured by spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (r = 0.538, p < 0.001). In 14 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) whose serum samples were obtained at the time of renal biopsy, there was a positive correlation between serum SDC-1 levels and activity index (r = 0.632, p = 0.015).</P><P><B>Conclusion.</B></P><P>Serum SDC-1 levels are increased in SLE patients with nephritis, indicating that SDC-1 might be a useful serum biomarker for active LN.</P>

당뇨병성 신증의 조기예측지표로서 저항계수 및 박동계수의 의의

김상훈,김시영,이화영,이영래,김향,이상종,김병익,최윤상,이규백,조윤경,김유리,조용욱 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.5

Background: Diabetic nephropathy has long been known as most common culprit of ESRD. In NIDDM. histopathologically intrarenal hemodynamic changes are nonspecific, frequently with global glomerulosclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and severe arterosderosis. Duplex renal Doppler sonography is useful in the noninvasive assessment of intrarenal hemodynamic change and Doppler indices reflect increased renal vascular resistance. So we compared the values of R.I. and P.I., in NIDDM patients, with several clinical parameters to identify that R.I. and P.I. values can reflect increased renal vascular resistance and predict diabetic nephropathy as early markers. Methods: Renal Doppler US scan was performed on 40 patients with NIDDM to obtain Doppler signals from arcuate artery or interlobar artery and thereby calculate the R.I. and P.I. From every each individual, clinical and laboratory data including age, sex, morbidity period, BMW, mean blood pressure, total cholesterol, serum creatinine, BUN, HbA1c, 24 hr urine protein and creatinine clearance were analyzed. We analyzed the correlation between values of R.I. and P.I. with clinical parameters by using univariate and multiple linear regression analysis. The patients were classified as three groups on the basis of the amount of 24 hour urirne protein and value of serum creatinine: Group l(n=15) was defined as patients with 24 hr urine protein lees than 150mg/day and serum creatinine less than 1.5mg/dL, group 2(n=12) as between 150mg/day and 500mg/day and serum creatinine less than 1.5mg/dL and group 3(n=13) as more than 500mg/day or serum creatinine above 1.5mg/dL. Results: 1) R.I. values showed correlation with age, morbidity period, mean blood pressure, HbA1c, serum creatinine, BUN, creatinine clearance and 24 hour urine total protein. P.I. values showed correlation with age, morbidity period, mean blood pressure, serum creatinine, BUN, creatinine clearance and 24 hour urine total protein. 2) R.I. and P.I. values were significantly affected by creatinine clearance and age in multiple regression analysis. 3) There were statistically positive correlation between 24 hour urine protein and R.I. and P.I.. But when we divided into three groups based on their amount of 24 hour urine protein. R.I. didn't show statistical correlation but P.I, showed significant correlation in the group of patients with proteinuria over 500mg/day(p$lt;0.05). Conclusion: Renal doppler indices reflect increased renal vascular resistance in NIDDM patients and correlate with clinical parameters of diabetic nephropathy. We suggest that the R.I. and P.I. are useful marker for indicating diabetic vascular complication in NIDDM patients. However, further conative studies should be carried out to elucidate the usefulness of R.I. and P.I. as early markers or advantaging parameters in predicting diabetic nephropathy.

Wintertime Temperature Change in Korea Induced by Sea Level Pressure Contrast between Northeast Asia and Pacific

Baek-Jo Kim,Kyeong-Hoan Kim,Riyu Lu,Jai-Ho Oh,Yong-Keun Lee 한국기상학회 2000 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2000 No.-