양극성 장애 환자에서 비정형 항정신병약물 치료 후에 나타나는 지연성 운동장애와 지연성 근긴장이상의 유병률 및 위험요인

이아람,김주현,백지현,김지선,최미지,윤세창,하규섭,홍경수,Lee, Ahram,Kim, Joo Hyun,Baek, Ji Hyun,Kim, Ji Sun,Choi, Mi Ji,Yoon, Se Chang,Ha, Kyooseob,Hong, Kyung Sue 대한생물정신의학회 2015 생물정신의학 Vol.22 No.4

Objectives Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are frequently used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. However, there is still no consensus on their risk of tardive movement syndromes especially for first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)-naive patients. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of SGAs-related tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia in patients with bipolar disorder, in a naturalistic out-patient clinical setting. Methods The authors assessed 78 non-elderly patients with bipolar (n = 71) or schizoaffective disorder (n = 7) who received SGAs with a combined use of mood stabilizers for more than three months without previous exposure to FGAs. Multiple direct assessments were performed and hospital records longer than one recent year describing any observed tardive movement symptoms were also reviewed. Results The prevalence rates of tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia were 7.7% and 6.4%, respectively. These patients were being treated with ziprasidone, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or paliperidone at the time of the onset of the movement symptoms. Tardive dyskinesia was mostly observed in the orolingual area, and tardive dystonia was most frequently detected in oromandibular area. A past history of acute dystonia was significantly associated with presence of both tardive movement syndromes. Conclusions Our findings suggest that SGAs-related tardive movement syndromes occur in a substantial portion of bipolar disorder patients. Acute dystonia, a reported risk factor of tardive movement syndromes in the era of FGAs is confirmed as a risk factor of both tardive dyskinesia and tardive dystonia that were induced-by SGAs.

유근피(楡根皮) 약침의 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성 억제능이 생쥐의 Type II Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향

이아람,변혁,박인식,정찬영,강민주,김은정,이승덕,김갑성,Lee, A-Ram,Byun, Hyuk,Park, In-Shik,Jung, Chan-Yung,Kang, Min-Joo,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.29 No.2

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UA) to inhibit nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Using an in vitro test, the synoviocytes picked out from the experimental CIA mice were subcultured. The synoviocyte cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 1 hour prior to the addition of indicated concentrations($0.4\;-\;1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of UA, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The in vivo test, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 production and apoptosis was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The PMA-induced $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK), iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependently decreased in UA treated synoviocytes. Using the in vivo test, the number of eosinophils in mice treated with UA noticeably decreased in the the CIA group(P<0.05 using student t test). In mice treated with UA, there was less cartilage erosion. less bone destruction, mild synovial hyperplasia, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis with less MIP-2 production. By immunohistochemical staining, suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS production, inhibition of COX-2 production, inhibition of VCAM-1 production and inducing apoptosis were observed. Conclusions : These results suggest that UA might be applicable to the therapy of RA to suppress $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

공군 조종사의 소명의식과 외상 후 성장의 관계 - 인지적 정서조절의 매개효과와 변혁적 리더십의 조절효과 -

이아람,손영우,설정훈,Lee, A Ram,Sohn, Young Woo,Seol, Jeong Hoon 한국항공운항학회 2021 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This study examined the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in the relationship between calling and posttraumatic growth (PTG) and the moderating role of transformational leadership among Air Force pilots. A total of 215 ROK Air Force pilots participated in this study twice with an interval of 4 weeks. The results of this study were as follows. First, calling, transformational leadership, adaptive emotion regulation, and PTG showed statistically significant correlations. Second, a mediating model showed that the relationship between calling and PTG was mediated by adaptive emotion regulation. Third, the moderation effect of transformational leadership in the relationship calling on adaptive emotion regulation was found. Finally, transformational leadership also moderated the mediating effect of calling on PTG through adaptive emotion regulation was identified. Implications, limitations, and future research suggestions were discussed.

유근피(楡根皮) 약침의 $NF-{\kappa}B$ 활성 억제능이 생쥐의 Type II Collagen 유발 관절염에 미치는 영향

이아람,변혁,박인식,정찬영,강민주,김은정,이승덕,김갑성,Lee, A-Ram,Byun, Hyuk,Park, In-Shik,Jung, Chan-Yung,Kang, Min-Joo,Kim, Eun-Jung,Lee, Seung-Deok,Kim, Kap-Sung 대한침구의학회 2007 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of Ulmus davidiana Planch herbal acupuncture(UA) to inhibit nuclear $factor(NF)-{\kappa}B$ activation on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Methods : Using an in vitro test, the synoviocytes picked out from the experimental CIA mice were subcultured. The synoviocyte cells were treated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate(PMA) for 1 hour prior to the addition of indicated concentrations($0.4\;-\;1.0mg/m{\ell}$) of UA, and the cells were further incubated for 24 hours. The in vivo test, $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), vascular cell adhesion molecule(VCAM)-1 production and apoptosis was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results : The PMA-induced $I{\kappa}B$ kinase(IKK), iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression were dose-dependently decreased in UA treated synoviocytes. Using the in vivo test, the number of eosinophils in mice treated with UA noticeably decreased in the the CIA group(P<0.05 using student t test). In mice treated with UA, there was less cartilage erosion. less bone destruction, mild synovial hyperplasia, mild fibrosis, and mild angiogenesis with less MIP-2 production. By immunohistochemical staining, suppression of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS production, inhibition of COX-2 production, inhibition of VCAM-1 production and inducing apoptosis were observed. Conclusions : These results suggest that UA might be applicable to the therapy of RA to suppress $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation.

Bell's Palsy 환자의 MMPI 특성에 관한 고찰

이아람,김헌일,박상동,황종순,성수민,조현석,김경호,김갑성,김근우,Lee, A-ram,Kim, Hun-il,Park, Sang-dong,Hwang, Jong-soon,Sung, Su-min,Cho, Hyun-seok,Kim, Kyung-ho,Kim, Gab-sung,Kim, Geun-woo 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Objective: The purpose of this study is to find the characteristics of MMPI in Bell's palsy patients. Methods: 40(21 male, 19 female) patients with Bell's palsy who visited Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Bundang Oriental Medicine Hospital, Dongguk University completed a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-383. The mean age was 43 years(range 18-72). MMPI scores were analyzed about validity scales, neurosis clinical scales, other clinical scales and by Two code method. Patients's MMPI scores were compared with Korean standard of MMPI. Results: The validity scales were within normal range. The neurosis clinical scales were within normal range. The other clinical scales were within normal range. The study of Two code method showed that D scale and Hy scale was higher than the other clinical scales. Bell's palsy patients's D scale and Hy scale means were higher than Korean standard of MMPI.

고출력 5 Watt LED기반 탐조등의 방열설계

이아람,허인성,이세일,유영문,김종수,Lee, A Ram,Her, In Sung,Lee, Se-Il,Yu, Young Moon,Kim, Jong Su 한국전기전자재료학회 2014 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.27 No.9

The heat dissipation conditions of high-power 5 watt LEDs-based searchlight modules were optimized with varying LED bar'shape, materials, and ambient temperature. The LED junction temperature was estimated by using Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. The optimal heat dissipation conditions were found as follows; LED bar' shape: L=80 mm, W=4 mm, t=10 mm, copper material, LED junction temperature of $116.6^{\circ}C$, ambient temperature of $50^{\circ}C$, total mass of 184 g, and shadowing area of $320mm^2$. The difference between the junction temperatures of our fabricated and simulated LEDs-based searchlight modules is about $3^{\circ}C$, which confirms the validity of our thermal simulation results.

지역발전특별회계의 문제점 및 개선방향

고광용(Ko KwangYong),이아람(Lee ARam) 한국정치정보학회 2018 정치정보연구 Vol.21 No.2

본 연구는 지역발전특별회계의 변화과정 및 문제점을 분석하고 개선방향을 제시하는 데 목적을 두었다. 지역발전특별회계는 2005년 균형발전특별회계(노무현정부)로 시작해, 2010년 광역지역발전특별회계(이명박정부), 2014년부터 현재의 지역발전특별회계로 변모되어왔다. 각 정부별 지역발전 비전 및 접근에 따른 지역발전특별회계의 변화내용 및 특징을 분석하였다. 지역발전특별회계의 문제점으로 균형발전 본래 취지 상실(이명박 · 박근혜 정부 기간 수도권 · 대구/경북 예산대폭 증액, 충청 · 호남 예산유지/감소), 제한적인 재원규모 및 국고보조사업 성격 잔존, 지역발전 추진역량 부재, 재정여건 미감안 동일보조율 및 부지매입비 부담 등이 도출되었다. 향후 지역발전특별회계 개선방향으로 첫째, 균형발전 가치 회복 및 배분과정 투명성 제고, 둘째, 재원규모 점진적 확대 및 진정한 포괄보조금화, 셋째, 재정여건 감안 차등보조율 설정 및 부지매입비 일부지원 등을 제안하였다. This study aims to figure out changing process of special grant for regional development and its innate problems, and provides improvement direction. Special grant for regional development was firstly called “account for balanced national development” in 2005(Roh’s administration), and changed its name “special grant for metropolitan regional development” in 2010(Lee’s administration) and finally in 2014 it has its current name. This study examines changes and characteristics of special grant for regional development by administrations’ development goal and approaches. Main problems of special grant for regional development are as follow: discrimination in budgeting by province(Under the Lee’s and Park’s administration, the government expenditures have increased in Seoul, Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, but decreased in Chungcheong-do Province and Honam area), finance ceiling, heavy reliance on government subsidies, lack of consideration in financial situation, loss of development thrust, same subsidy ration and financial burdensome for site purchasing. Its improvement direction must aim to regain the value of balanced regional development and transparency in distribution of fund. Secondly, it must include increasing budget scale and block grants. Finally, it must offer differential subsidy ratio by the financial conditions of local bodies and financial support for site purchasing.

게임 활용 교육에 대한 초등교사의 인식과 활용방안

이아람 ( Ah Ram Lee ),김영식 ( Yung Sik Kim ) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2016 한국컴퓨터교육학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.20 No.2

지금까지 게임은 사회적으로 부정적인 인식이 강하였으나 게임 산업을 지지하는 세계적인 추세와 더불어 정부에서 ‘게임문화 진흥계획안’을 발표하였다. 게임을 활용한 교육에 대한 연구는 조금씩 진행되어 왔고 긍정적인 효과가 인정되고 있으나 아직 게임은 교육적으로 적합하지 않다는 시각으로 보는 교사들이 대부분이다. 또한 관련 연구도 체계적으로 이루어지지 않고 있고 게임 활용 교육에 대한 용어도 혼용하여 사용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 게임을 활용한 교육을 두 종류로 나누어 초등교사들의 인식을 살펴보고 추후 이루어질 게임 활용 교육 관련 연구에 시사점을 제공하고자 한다.

건축물에너지효율등급 평가프로그램에 의한 공동주택 난방에너지 소요량과 실제 사용량 비교

이아람(Lee, A-Ram),김정국(Kim, Jeong-Gook),김종훈(Kim, Jong-Hun),정학근(Jeong, Hak-Geun),장철용(Jang, Cheol-Yong),송규동(Song, Kyoo-Dong) 한국생태환경건축학회 2015 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

한국초등과학교육의 최근 연구 동향 분석

이아람 ( A Ram Lee ),홍영식 ( Young Sik Hong ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2013 초등과학교육 Vol.32 No.3

With the development of science and technology, an effort to investigate the current research trend of elementary science education will lead to future directions for elementary science education. This study set out to analyze papers published in Elementary Science Education by quantity, subject and methodology for the last ten years. The results were as follows: First, the number of papers has continuously increased for the last 30 years. Second, as for categorization by the functions of elementary science education, the number of papers was mainly published in the field of teacher education, which was followed by learning processes and teaching methods in the order. Third, in the field of the research subjects of elementary science education, many researches were conducted on scientific inquiries and concepts traditionally emphasized in elementary science education, and on gifted education recently implemented as part of national policy. Fourth, as for categorization by the methodologies of elementary science education, a survey study was the most popular, being followed by experimental study and literature study in the order. In recent years, researches based on the case study methodology have visibly grown in numbers, which seems to part of efforts to find implications with new methodologies among researchers facing limitations with the old ones in the middle of uniqueness called education.