12주간의 태권도 트레이닝이 남자 청소년의 골밀도 및 골 건강관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향

김민형 ( Min Hyung Kim ),정현철 ( Hyun Chul Jung ),강효정 ( Hyo Jung Kang ),김현배 ( Hyun Bae Kim ),송종국 ( Jong Kook Song ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2012 체육과학연구 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of weeks taekwondo training on bone mineral density, and calcemic hormones in male adolescents. 19 male adolescents aged 13-14 years (12 for training group; 7 for control group) were participated in this study. Taekwondo group has been performed 50 minutes a days a week for 12 weeks, as exercise intensity of 60-70 % HRR (heart rate reserver). Control group have only performed the activities included in their physical education classes. Skeletal maturity was assessed by TW3. Bone mineral density at the sites of lumber spine, forearm, femur and whole body were assessed by DXA (Hologic. QDR-4500, USA). Blood samples were drown in the morning after 12-h fast and spun at 3000 rpm for 15 min. 25(OH)D and calcitonin were analyzed by Liaison (Diasorin, USA). Osteocalcin was analyzed by COBAR 5010 (Quantum Packard. USA). Parathyroid hormone was analyzed by E170 (Roche, Germany) and growth hormone was analyzed by Immulite 2000 (DPC, USA). Statical analyses were done with SAS version 9.2. All data were presented in terms of means and standard deviations. Two-wany ANOVA with repeated measure was used for interaction of time x group. Paired t-test was perfomed to change over time in each parameter. Multiple regression analysis was used to find factors that influence dependent variables. A statistically significant level was defined as 95%. The results of this study indicates that bone age for TG (14.9±0.62yr) was significantly advanced compared to chronological age (14.0±0.64yr). but CG had similar bone age (14.1±0.55yr) compared to chronological age (13.9±0.46yr). significant within subjects effects were found for whole body BMD(p<.001), lumbar BMD (p<.001) and forearm BMD (p<.0001). Significant increase could be obtained in TG for whole body BMD, lumbar BMD, and forearm BMD between pre and post-tests However, there was no difference for femoral BMD for both TG and CG. Although no difference was found for serum osteocalcin in CG, significant increase could be observed in TG between pre and post-tests. There was significant within subject effect for PTH in TG (p<.05). Significant interaction effect of group and time was found for GH (p<.0001). serum 25 (OH)D was significantly decreased in both groups throughout the study periods. Bone age, serum calcitonin and lean tissue were predictors for whole body BDM in explaining 51.0%, 64% and 74.0% respective in TG. Bone age was significant predictor for lumbar BMD in explaining 39.0% in TG. In conclusion, 12 weeks taekwondo training has positive effects on bone mineral density and calcemic hormones in male adolescents. Further study is needed to enhance femral BMD as taekwondo training over 12 weeks and higher intensity. 이 연구의 목적은 12주간의 태권도 트레이닝이 남자 청소년의 골밀도와 골 건강관련 호르몬에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것이었다. 연구대상자는 13~14세 남자 청소년 19명이었으며, 이들을 훈련군(12명)과 통제군(7명)으로 분류하였다. 골격성숙도는 TW3 방법을 적용하여 RUS 점수와 뼈나이를 평가하였고, 골밀도는 DXA를 이용하여 측정하였다. 골 건강관련 호르몬은 osteocalcin(OC), calcitonin(CC), parathyroid hormone(PTH), growth hormone(GH)과 25-hydroxyvitamin D(25(OH)D)를 분석하였다. 그룹 간 태권도 트레이닝 전·후 종속변인의 차이를 규명하기 위해 반복 이원분산분석을 적용하였고, 그룹 내 차이는 대응 t-검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 골밀도와 뼈나이, 체중, 신장, 골 건강관련 호르몬의 관계를 규명하기 위해 다중회귀분석을 적용하였다. 이 연구 결과 훈련군의 전신 골밀도(p<.001), 요추 골밀도(p<.001), 전완 골밀도(p<.01)는 12주 태권도 트레이닝 전·후 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였으나 통제군은 유의한 변화가 없었다. 한편 대퇴 골밀도는 훈련군과 통제군 모두 12주 트레이닝 전·후 유의한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. OC는 훈련군(pre: 13.18ng/mL, post: 40.38ng/mL)과 통제군(pre: 13.04ng/mL, post: 40.89ng/mL) 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 증가한 반면, CC는 두 그룹 모두 유의한 변화가 없었다. PTH는 훈련군의 경우 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였지만(p<.05), 통제군은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. GH는 트레이닝 전·후 훈련군과 통제군에서 유의한 상호작용효과가 나타났으며(p<.05), 훈련군(pre: 0.70ng/mL, post: 4.22ng/mL)에서는 증가한 반면 통제군(pre: 5.40ng/mL, post: 2.04ng/mL)에서는 감소하였다. 25(OH)D는 훈련군과 통제군 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 골밀도의 예측변인을 분석한 결과 훈련군에서 전신 골밀도의 경우 뼈나이, 제지방조직, 신장이 높은 설명력을 보였고, 요추 골밀도의 경우 뼈나이, 전완 골밀도의 뼈나이, PTH, 생활나이가 유의한 설명력을 나타냈다. 결론적으로 12주간의 태권도 트레이닝은 남자 청소년들의 골밀도와 골 건강관련 호르몬에 긍정적인 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났으며 태권도 트레이닝이 청소년들의 요추 골밀도에 영향을 미치기 위해서는 12주 이상의 장기간의 훈련을 통한 후속연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Purification and Characterization of Helicobacter pylori ${\gamma}$-Glutamyltranspeptidase

Song, Jae-Young,Choi, Yeo-Jeong,Kim, Jeong-Min,Kim, Yoo-Ree,Jo, Jin-Seong,Park, Jin-Sik,Park, Hee-Jin,Song, Yun-Gyu,Lee, Kon-Ho,Kang, Hyung-Lyun,Baik, Seung-Chul,Youn, Hee-Shang,Cho, Myung-Je,Rhee, Kw The Korean Society for Microbiology 2011 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.41 No.4

Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the cell extract of H. pylori. The purified enzyme consisted of heavy and light subunits with molecular weights of 38 kDa and 21 kDa, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequence of heavy and light subunits revealed that H. pylori GGT was processed into 3 parts for a signal peptide of 27 amino acid residues, a heavy subunit of 352 residues, and a light subunit of 188 residues during translation. The reaction rate for hydrolysis of ${\gamma}$-GpNA was 84.4 ${\mu}mol/min$ per milligram of protein, and that for the ${\gamma}$-glutamyl transfer from ${\gamma}$-GpNA to gly-gly was 23.8 ${\mu}mol/min$ per milligram of protein. The apparent Km values of H. pylori GGT for ${\gamma}$-glutamyl compounds were on the order of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-4}$ M and those for acceptor peptides and amino acids were on the order of $10^{-1}$ to $10^{-2}$ M. The GGT protein kept approximately 80% of the initial enzymatic activity on incubation at $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The optimum temperature and pH for reactions of both hydrolysis and transpeptidation were $40^{\circ}C$ and 9.0, respectively. The transpeptidation and hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by H. pylori GGT were strongly inhibited by L-Gln and moderately inhibited by L-Ala, L-Ser, ${\beta}$-chloro-L-Ala, and L-Glu. These results demonstrated that the biochemical properties of H. pylori GGT are different from those of other bacterial GGTs. Further, H. pylori GGT might degrade glutathione in the gastric mucous layer of humans if the enzyme could be secreted in the bacterial niches.

청정 지역 강우의 분석 : 1997-1998년 한라산 1100 고지와 제주시 강우의 특성 Characteristics of Rainwater at 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Cheju City in 1997-1998

강창희,김원형,홍상범,이기호,홍민선,심상규 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究 Vol.13 No.1

The rainwater samples were collected from the 1100 Site of hlt. Halla and Cheju city during the period of March in 1997 to August in 1998. and the major soluble ions were analyzed. The confidence of analytical data was confirmed by using the comparison methods such as ion-balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction. all of which correlation coefficients were above 0.94. The ionic strengths lower than 10^(-4)M, the basis for the pure rainwater, were found in 47% and 38% at 1100 Site and Cheju city, respectively. The precipitations in Cheju city were more influenced by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidity contribution was mainly by SO_(4)^(2-) and NO_(3)^(-) in both areas. and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 5-7%. The neutralization factors by NH_(3) were about 46% at both 1100 site and Cheju city, whereas those by CaCO_(3) were 11% and 15% at 1100 site and Cheju city respectively, and the free acidity were both about 35% in average. From the MSA analysis. it was found that the air in Cheju island has been influenced by the pollution from the other areas. The sources of the rainwater components in 1100 Site and Cheju city were also studied with a factor analyzing way and the most probable factors were found to be anthropogenic, oceanic, and soil-sourced. The results of multiple regression analysis have shown that SO_(4)^(??) was dissolved mostly in the form of H_(2)SO_(4), CaSO_(4) and (NH_(4))_(2)SO_(4). and NO_(3)^(-) was in the form of HNO_(3), Ca(NO_(3))_(2) and NH_(4)NO_(3).

악성 갑상선 우연종의 임상상 및 초음파 소견의 진단적 가치

강한욱,김광원,이병완,강보현,김형훈,김범진,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.5

연구배경: 최근 갑상선 초음파 검사의 빈번한 시행으로 갑상선 우연종의 발견이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 갑상선 우연종은 임상적으로 어떻게 접근하고 치료를 해야 하는지 적지 않은 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 직경 1.5㎝ 이하의 갑상선 우연종의 유병률, 입상적 특징 및 초음파 특성, 그리고 가장 효율적인 진단적 접근에 대해 알아 봤다. 방법: 1999년 1월부터 2000년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 내과 및 일반외과로 갑상선 결절을 주소로 내원한 1457명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 우연히 발견된 직경 1.5㎝ 이하의 갑상선 결절을 가지는 환자들에서 갑상선 결절의 촉지 유무, 갑상선 기능검사, 항갑상선 항체, 갑상선 초음파 및 미세침 흡인세포검사, 99m^Tc 갑상선 스켄, 수술 조직검사 및 병기를 검토하였다. 결과: 분석한 갑상선 결절 1475예 중 갑상선 우연종의 유병률은 13.4%(198예)였다. 갑상선 우연종에서 악성률은 28.8%(57예)으로 나왔다. 양성 및 악성 갑상선 우연종에서 나이, 성별, 갑상선 기능검사, 결절 크기에는 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 갑상선 스켄은 갑상선 우연종의 감별에 적합하지 않았다. 갑상선 결절의 초음파 지표 점수만이 양성 및 악석 갑상선 우연종의 감별에서 초음파 지표 점수의 민감도는 88.9%, 특이도는 74.4%, 양성 예측률은 92.4%로 나왔고 진단적 정환도는 85.5%였다. 갑상선암으로 수술을 받은 50명중 stage 1은 34명, stage 2는 6명, stage 3은 10명으로 대부분의 악성 갑상선 우연종은 낮은 TNM 병기로 나타났으나, 상당수에서는 국소 침범의 소견을 보였다. TNM 병기의 3기 환자 전부는 45세 이상이였고, 주로 갑상선암의 피막 침범에 의한 것이었다. 임파절 전이는 6명의 환자에서 나왔다. 결론: 악성 갑상선 우연종은 비교적 흔히 접할 수 있는 질환이며 양성 우연종과는 임상적으로 구별이 안 된다. 악성 갑상선 우연종은 발견 당시 대부분 낮은 병기이나, 갑상선의 피막 침범 및 임파절 전이가 상당수에서 발견되었다. 갑상선 우연종의 초음파 소견은 향후의 진단 방향을 제시하는 중요한 길잡이가 될 수 있다. 초음파 지표 점수 2점 이상의 갑상선 우연종에서만 초음파 유도 미세침 흡입검사를 권장한다. Background: High-resolution ultrasonography has made the detection of asymptomatic small thyroid possible. Recent increases in the detection of incidentalomas have created a clinical dilemma on how to properly manage such incidental nodules. We investigated the prevalence, clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics, and optimal diagnostic approach toward incidentally detected benign and malignant thyroid nodules of less than 1.5㎝ in size. Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken on the 1,475 patients who had visited Samsung Medical Center, Seoul Korea between January 1999 and December 2000. The review consisted of a physical examination of the thyroid gland, thyroid function test, antithyroid antibodies, thyroid ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, pathology and TNA staging of the incidentally detected thyroid nodules of less than 1.5㎝ in size. Results: The prevalence of thyroid incidentalomas was 13.4% and the malignancy rate within them was 28.8%. There were no significant differences in age, sex, thyroid function test and size between the benign and malignant incidentalomas. Ultrasonographic characteristics showed meaningful diagnostic value for the detection of malignancy in incidentalomas. Most malignant incidentalomas were of a low stage. Conclusion: Occult thyroid cancers are fairly common finding. There are no clinical difference between benign and malignant thyroid nodules less than 1.5㎝; however, ultrasonographic findings can be used to decision of optimal management strategies (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 17:649∼656, 2002).

Amylase 特異的인 抗體의 生産

강미란,이정민,유형진,김기윤,권무식 성균관대학교 생명과학자원연구소 1997 生命資源科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

The advent of immunochemistry expedites the development of a number of important procedures for gene cloning, disease control (diagnosis, treatment) and biochemical analyses in animal systems. These procedures can be applicable to plant systems : immunochemical detection of biopolymers (proteins, carbohydrates, growth hormones, and pathogenic virus particles). It is not quite difficult to purify various palnt immunogens. However, immunochemical screening methods for specific substances of plants are scarce, so that these procedures for each substance are to be developed. During the cereal germination, amylase converts the starchy endosperm of the seed to nutrient that support the growing seedling. α-Amylase and β-amylase hydrolyze internal α-1,4 glycosidic linkages in starch and dextrin. They produce α-maltose and β-maltose respectively. Their gene expression is regulated by gibberellic acid (negative regulator) and abscisic acid (positive regulator). In this study, α-amylase (from barley malt) protein was analyzed with SDS-PAGE. The molecular weight of α-amylase was about 60,000 daltons. α-Amylase protein was used as immunogen to produce antiα-amylase antiserum in a rabbit. The immunogen was mixed with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant, and the mixture was hypodermically injected to the hideback (30 spots) and paws (2 spots) of the rabbit. The immunization was performed with two week interval. The dosage of the immunogen was decreased by half, and incomplete adjuvant was substituted for the complete one from the second immunization. The serum was prepared from the blood, and immunoreactivity of the serum was examined by dot-blotting and western blotting using the GARHRP indirect immunoassay kit. It was found that the anti α-amylase antiserum recognized nano-gram quantity of antigen under these experimental conditions. The antiserum will be used for the development of immunochemical assay to detect the time of the seed germination.

백모동에 의한 IgE 생성의 증가

강부경,이종섭,신태용,이은희,김형민 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1996 생명공학연구소보 Vol.4 No.1

We determined for IgE in serum based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of Solanum lyratum extract for 14 days. The experiment showed as well whole spleen cells that Solanum lyratum extract enhanced IgE production in vivo. Solanum lyratum extract significantly facilitated the production of IgE by LPS-stimulated murine spleen cells. Solanum lyratum THUNB. also enhanced IgE production from mouse whole spleen cells. Lypopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated IgE production was enhanced 1.4-fold to 2.7-fold by the addition of Solanum lyratum extract over a period of 7 days.

강소성 가공한 Al에서 Sc과 Zr의 석출 거동

민복기,김형욱,강석봉 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.11

The elements of Sc and Zr were added to pure Al for improving thermal stability and refining grain size. Sc was presented on boundaries and Zr dominantly on matrix in as cast state. After homogenization treatment, Sc was dissolved mostly but Zr retained in matrix; though the two elements were presented on the same location in Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Semi-coherent Al₃Sc in Sc added alloy was precipitated during severe plastic deformation, and shown (001)_(matrix)//(001)_(Al₃Sc) orientation relationship with matrix. Al₃Zr in as cast Zr added alloy was shown the orientation relationship (011)_(matrix)//(100)_(Al₃Zr), and partially retained and dissolved with increasing deformation. In the Al-Sc-Zr alloy, retained Al₃Zr had the role of nucleation site for Al-Sc precipitates so that Al₃Zr mainly coexist with Al-Sc precipitates.

HPLC-ECD를 이용한 흰쥐 뇌의 선조체 중 신경전달물질의 동시분석시 최적 조건

강종성,문민선,신형선,이순철 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1995 藥學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

흰쥐 뇌의 선조체로부터 catecholamine, indoleamine 및 대사산물을 동시분석할 수 있는 간편한 방법을 제시하였다. 기기는 ECD를 장착한 HPCL를 사용하였고, 고정상인 C_18 컬럼에서, 이동상은 10mM citric acid, 0.13mM Na_4EDTA, 0.58mM SOS를 함유하는 35mM sodium acetate buffer(pH 3.4) : MeOH=85:15가 최적이었다. 이 때 컬럼온도는 30℃였다. 이 조건으로 dopamine(DA), 3, 4 -dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC), homovanilic acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA), serotonin(5-HT) 및 noradrenaline(NA)을 미량까지 분석할 수 있었고, 검출한계는 각 성분에 대해 1회 주입당 2~10pg이었다. 이 방법으로 흰쥐의 주령 및 성별에 따른 선조체내 생체아민과 대사산물의 함량을 비교하였다. 7주령 쥐에서 암컷은 수컷보다 DA와 5-HT의 함량이 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 주령이 증가함에 따라 암컷에서 DOPAC의 함량이 유의적으로 증가하였다. A simple, efficient and sensitive method was described for the simultaneous determination of catecholamine, indoleamine and related metabolites from the homogenates of the rat brain striatum by HPLC-ECD. The optimum mobile phase on a reverse phase C_18 column was 35mM sodium acetate buffer(included 10mM citric acid, 0.13mM Na_4EDTA, 0.58mM SOS, pH 3·4):MeOH=85:15. The column temperature was 30℃. Dopamine(DA), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid(DOPAC), homovanilic acid(HVA), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid(5-HIAA), serotonin(5-HT) and noradrenaline(NA) could be separated and analysed to very small amount. The detection limits of this method were 2~10pg per injection for all components. The effects of age and sex of rat on the contents of the catecholamines and their metabolites in rat brain striatum were studied. The levels of DA and 5-HT contents of the 7 week old female rats were higher than those of the 7 week old male rats. As the age of rat increases, the contents of DOPAC increased significantly.

절제된 위암의 병리학적 분류

강구,신형식,이민철,박영의,김주섭,박철재,배수동 대한병리학회 1992 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.26 No.1

대장 및 직장의 침윤성 선암종에서 AgNORs수와 환자의 생존율과의 관계

강구,남은숙,신형식,김순란,박영의,이재정,박철재,이민철 대한대장항문학회 1997 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.13 No.1