12M의 고해상도 360° 카메라를 사용한 주차장의 14면 주차 상태 판단 프로그램

이영지(Young-Ji Lee),이희열(Hee-Yeol Lee),고태영(Tae-Young Ko),곽동훈(Dong-Hoon Kwak),김재형(Jae-Hyung Kim),김주호(Joo-Ho Kim),오승진,이태윤(Tae-Yoon Lee),박상민(Sang-Min Park),이승호(Seung-Ho Lee) 대한전자공학회 2019 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.6

In this paper, we propose a program to identify 14 parking status in a parking lot using a high resolution 360° camera of 12M. The proposed program consists of three steps: Match with plane image, parking area detection algorithm, and discrimination of parking using learning method. Tests on a model car to evaluate the program to identify 14 parking status in a parking lot using a high-resolution 360° camera of 12M showed 100% accuracy for both parking and double parking. Therefore, the effectiveness of a program to identify 14 parking status in a parking lot using a high-resolution 360° camera of 12M proposed in this paper has been proved.

捻轉法이 竝行된 鍼刺戟 및 電鍼刺戟이 鎭痛效果에 미치는 影響

Park, Dong-Seok,Kim, Ji-Hoon,Min, Byung-Il,Oh, Soo-Myung 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Dong-Seok Park¹, Ji-Hoon Kim¹ and Byung-Il Min, Soo-Myung Oh,³¹Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Medicine, ²Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, And ³East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. Analgesic Effect of Manual Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture combined with Twirling Method. Proceeding of International Symposium on East-West Medicine Seoul. 187-200, 1999.-Twirling the needle (TN) is one of several needing methods frequently used for acupuncture in the oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to see if TN enhanced the antinociceptive effect produced by plain-or electroacupuncture in the rat tail flick test. Rats (Sprague-Dawley, 200-300g)lightly anesthetized with thiopental sodium(40mg/kg, i.p.) were used in the tail-flick test. The basal reaction time for tail-flick was 2 sec. For "plain" acupuncture(PA), a needle was inserted for 20 min into a Chock-samni (ST36) acupuncture point which (is located at the anterior tibial muscle and about 10mm below the knee joint). For electroacupuncture(EA), train-pulses(3 Hz,0.3-ms pulse width, 0.2-0.3mA) were applied to the inserted needle for the period of insertion. For combining TN with either PA or EA, TN was performed during the each acupuncture period. Two methods for TN were used; twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 1 min in every 5 mins(long-duration and long-interval;LDLI) and twirling 3 times for 1 second persisted for 10 sec in every 1 min(short-duration and short-interval;SDSI). PA and EA produced an increase in tail flick latency (TFL); peak increases were 21.3±5.1% and 42.1±17.3% of the pre-acupunture control, respectively, and occurred immediately after cessation of 20min-acupuncture. Performing TN combined with PA increased TFL more than PA itself by showing a greater peak increase in TFL when performed with a SDSI-TN than with a LDLI-TN(60.6±12.5% and 42.7±22.7% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). Performing TN combined with EA also increased TFL more than EA itself and a greater peak increase in TFL was observed with a SDSI-TN as compared to a LDLI-TN(77.5±13.8% and 67.3±14.0% of the pre-acupuncture control, respectively). These results indicate that TN enhances both PA-and EA-produced antinociception where an greater enhanced antinociception than a LDLI-TN. It is suggested that performing a SDSI-TN combined with EA seems to be one of the most effective ways to produce analgesia.

RAW264.7 세포에서 interferon-r 및 LPS에 의해 유도되는 NO생성에 미치는 TALT-35의 영향

박종일,박경석,김종석,박지훈,윤은진,송경섭,서강식,김훈,윤완희,박승길,임규,황병두 충남대학교 생물공학연구소 2006 생물공학연구지 Vol.12 No.-

TALP-35 purified from human term placenta is known to increase microtubule polymerization and stabilize the polymerized microtubule. To examine the effect of TALP-35 on immune system this study was performed. MTT assay was performed to investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells. TALP-35 dose dependently suppress the proliferation of RAW264.7 cells at high concentration (above 1 μM) in unstimulated cells, in case of 10 μM TALP-35 treated cells the suppression was 25% but in stimulated cells it was only 15%. Cosedimentation assay was carried out to investigate whether TALP-35 can bind to tubulin of RAW264.7, monocyte/macrophage lineage of mouse, and polymerize it. TALP-35 polymerize the tubulin of RAW264.7 cells and sedimented in dose-dependent manner. To investigate the effect of TALP-35 on the expression of iNOS protein western blotting was performed. The expression level of iNOS was decreased dose dependently in high concentration of TALP-35 treatment. To examine the activity of iNOS, secreted NO was determined by method based on Griess reaction. Interferon-γ and LPS-stimulated production of NO from RAW264.7 cells was decreased dose dependently above 0.1 μM concentration of TALP-35 and 50% is decreased at 10μM of it. This study shows TALP-35 can control cytokine induced-iNOS expression therefore it might control inflammatory diseases.

대한협회의 『대한민보』(1909~1910) 발간과 시사만화 연재의 성격

박지훈(Park, Ji-Hoon) 한국역사민속학회 2014 역사민속학 Vol.0 No.44

1909년 6월 2일 대한협회가 창간한 『대한민보』는 초대 사장 오세창의 주도아래 정통화가 출신인 이도영이 삽화라는 이름으로 시사만화를 연재하였다. 『대한민보』의 구성 중 삽화라는 이름의 시사만화를 구성하여 딱딱한 형식에서 벗어난 실험적인 구성으로 당대에 영향력 있는 신문으로 자리잡았다. 시사만화를 통해 계몽에 대한 의지를 적극적으로 표현하였고 특히 시각적 흥미를 유발하여 독자들이 신문을 접하도록 유도하였다. 이러한 시사만화는 독자를 끌어들이는 역할에 그치지 않고 시사만화의 시각적 효과를 통해 지나치기 쉬운 사건을 그림으로 표현하여 사회문제에 관심을 더 가질 수 있도록 유도하는 촉매제가 되었다. 그러나 이 시기의 시사만화는 한국 최초의 시사만화라는 점만 강조되고 기념될 뿐 연구적 가치로는 주목을 받지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 이 글에서는 『대한민보』시사만화의 주제와 작가의 의도를 정확히 파악하는 것을 목적으로 시작되었다. 『대한민보』의 시사만화는 크게 네 가지 유형으로 분류 할 수 있는데 첫 번째는 계몽을 요구하는 만화, 두 번째는 사회문제를 주제로 한 만화, 세 번째는 대한제국 정부와 열강들과의 문제들을 주제로 한 만화, 넷째는 친일 인사와 단체 그리고 언론을 비판한 만화이다. 이와 같은 분석을 통해 한일강제병합 직전의 사회상을 이해하고, 당시 대중들의 사회인식의 변화를 파악하려 한다. Daehan Association published the first edition of 『Daehanminbo』, a daily, on June 2nd, 1909. 『Daehanminbo』 became an influential journal as it added cartoon into typical newspaper forms. The efforts to enlighten people were strongly expressed through cartoon and these cartoon attracted people’s attention with visual factors. That is, cartoon led people to have more interests in social issues by expressing important events with pictures. Cartoon in 『Daehanminbo』 can be classified roughly into four types. The first type of cartoon aimed at enlightenment of the public. These types of cartoon were published in the early days of 『Daehanminbo』 and explained the purpose of Daehan Association properly. The second type dealt with social issues. 『Daehanminbo』 tried to let the public recognize reality by using cartoon that were familiar to people because of their sequence of drawings and words combined. The third type of cartoon mainly dealt with issues between the Daehan Empire and the powers. Gojong of the Korean Empire wanted to protect Korea against a Japanese invasion diplomatically, so he tried to weaken Japanese influence over Korea by dividing economic advantages and alienating them to Western powers. However, Gojong and the government of the Daehan Empire knew little of the international situation, so they were deprived of their economic rights by Japan. 『Daehanminbo』 put an effort into letting people know the Japanese invasion as well as social issues. The fourth type of cartoon criticized pro-Japanese Koreans, groups, and press. Pro-Japanese politicians and groups’ anti-national activities reached an extreme when Japanese annexation of Korea came to the finish. Their activities were good subjects for cartoon and 『Daehanminbo』 criticized those anti-national activities.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

군기지 이전지 활용에 관한 참여설계과정 - 요코하마 후카야 통신소 이전지 아이디어 공모사업 사례 -

박지현,손용훈,츠게 키하루,Park, Ji-Hyun,Son, Yong-Hoon,Tsuge, Kiharu 한국조경학회 2011 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.39 No.3

일본의 요코하마시는 1950년대부터 장기간에 걸쳐 미군기지 반환운동을 실시하였으며, 반환된 이전지를 활용함에 있어서 체계적인 활용계획을 수립하였다. 후카야 통신소는 2004년 반환이 확정된 요코하마 시내의 미군기지 중 하나이다. 후카야 통신소는 원형의 부지형태 및 부지 전체가 국유지라는 활용에 용의한 조건을 갖고 있으며, 이에 요코하마시는 후카야 통신소 이전지 활용에 대해 다양한 시민들의 의견을 수용한 대규모 녹지공간으로 조성하기 위해 아이디어 제안공모사업을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 후카야 통신소를 대상으로 참여설계과정을 유도하는 아이디어 공모사업의 추진 배경과 진행과정을 정리하고, 또한 공모전에 참가한 아이디어를 분석하여 이전지 활용에 대한 최근 시민들의 수요를 해석하였다. 요코하마시는 아이디어 공모를 통해서 최근 도시녹지의 기능 및 테마에 대한 시민들의 요구사행에 관해 많은 아이디어를 얻을 수 있었다. 시민들은 후카야 통신소 부지에 녹지 인프라로서 새로운 녹지공간을 창조하는데 많은 관심을 보였다. 또한 아이디어들 중에는 개별녹지의 활용을 넘어 자연과 소통하는 지역의 새로운 라이프스타일을 제안하기도 하였다. 요코하마시는 아이디어 공모사업의 진행과정과 결과를 가능한 많은 시민들이 함께 공유할 수 있도록 '응모-심사-응원-참관-이해'의 다양한 참여 방식을 도모하였다. 후카야 통신소 이전지 활용에 관한 참여설계의 과정은 도시 기반시설로, 다양한 참여설계가 이루어져야 하는 공공사업에 있어서 커뮤니티 설계의 원칙과 프로세스가 구현되어지고 있는 사례라고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 후카야의 사례는 이전지 공원화 계획안이 수립된 우리나라의 의정부시 미군기지, 서울시 용산 미군기지에 시사하는바가 적지 않다고 생각된다. 본 연구내용을 바탕으로 할 때, 향후 우리나라의 미군부대 반환지 활용에 있어 시민을 위한 이전지 활용방안을 위해서는 보다 체계적인 이전지 활용계획의 틀, 투명한 절차 및 정보공개, 다양한 참여설계에 의한 협업 과정 등이 중요하다고 하겠다. Since 1950, the city of Yokohama has been demanding the return of US. military base sites in Yokohama. Yokohama has established a systematic utilization plan for these relocation sites. The Fukaya communication site is one of former US. military bases verified for return in 2004. The Fukaya communication site is distinctively circular in shape and is entirely national land. Yokohama took an idea competition to its citizens to create a new park at the relocation of the Fukaya communication site, involving lots of citizen opinion in its utilization goals. This study determined the process of the idea competition at the Fukaya communication site in encouraging civic participation and analyzing citizen demands for the utilization of the relocation site. Through the idea competition, Yokohama city was able to obtain several ideas on the new park from various angles such as the function and shape of the urban open spaces. Citizens showed great interest in creating a park as green infrastructure on the Fukaya communication site. In addition, beyond utilization as an urban open space, many ideas suggested new lifestyles for the region in connection with the natural environment in the vicinity. Yokohama city tried to share the process and results of the idea competition with as many citizens as it could through a variety of means such as Participation, Judging, Support, Observation and Understanding. The case study on the idea competition at the Fukaya communication site is a good example of community design practice in public projects, and is full of suggestions for military bases in Korea, which has just established the plan of utilizing relocation sites as parks. Based on this case study, it can be concluded that it is important to make a systemic form for utilization planning with a clear process, open information and partnership in a variety of participatory design processes in order to ensure maximum civic utilization of relocation sites.

THE EFFECT OF PRIMING ETCHED DENTIN WITH SOLVENT ON THE MICROTENSILE BOND STRENGTH OF HYDROPHOBIC DENTIN ADHESIVE

박은숙,배지현,김종순,김재훈,이인복,김창근,손호현,조병훈 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

장기적인 상아질 접착의 내구성 악화는 접착층과 혼성층의 친수성 부위에서의 가수분해에 의해 일어나는 것으로 보고 되고 있다. 본 연구의 가설은 콜라겐 망상체를 유기용매로 프라이밍하면 콜라겐 조직을 붕괴시키지 않고 수분을 밀어내고 소수성 단량체와 유기용매로 이루어진 접착제가 침투하여 접착강도를 얻을 수 있다는 것이다. 두 소수성 단량체인 Bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA)와 triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA)를 아세톤, 에탄올 또는 메탄올에 용해시켜 세 가지의 실험용 접착제를 준비하였다. 산 부식과 수세과정 후에, 접착제를 습윤 상아질 표면(습윤 접착)이나 동일한 용매로 프라이밍 된 상아질 표면(용매 프라이밍 접착)에 적용하였다. 48시간 후와 1개월 후, 및 10.000회의 열순환 후에 미세인장결합강도를 측정하였다 접착계면은 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 접착방법에 무관하게 대부분의 시편의 접착계면예서 잘 발달된 혼성층을 관찰할 수 있었고 가장 높은 평균 미세인장결합강도는 에탄올을 포함하는 접착제의 48시간 후 시편에서 관찰되었다. 용매를 이용하여 프라이밍하는 접착 방법에서는 에탄올이나 메탄올을 포함하는 접착제에서 열순환 후에 미세인장접착강도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 그러나 습윤 접착의 경우에는 시효처리 후 미세인장결합강도의 증가가 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구에서 에탄올을 이용한 상아질 프라이밍으로 우수한 접착력을 얻을 수 있었고. 열순환 후 접착력이 더욱 증가하였다 Deterioration of long-term dentin adhesion durability is thought to occur by hydrolytic degradation within hydrophilic domains of the adhesive and hybrid layers. This study investigated the hypothesis that priming the collagen network with an organic solvent displacc water without collapse and thereby obtain good bond strength with an adhesive made of hydrophobic monomers and organic solvents. Three experimentaladhesives were prepared by dissolving two hydrophobic monomers bisphenol-A-glycidylmethacrylate (Bis-GMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), into acetone, ethanol or methanol. After an entching and rinsing procedure, the adhesives were applied onto either wet dentin surfaces (wet bonding) or dentin .surfaces primed with the same solvent (solvent-primed bonding). Microtensile bond strength (MTBS) was measured at 48 hrs, 1 month and after 10,000 times of thermocycles. The bonded interfaces were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) Regardless of bonding protocols, weIl-developed hybrid layers were observed at the bonded interface in most specimens. The highest mean MTBS was observed in the adhesive containing ethanol at 48 hrs. With solvent-primed bonding increased MTBS tendencies were seen with thermocycling in the adhesives containing ethanol or methanol. However in the case of wet bonding, no increase in MTBS was observed with aging.

포퓰리즘, 데모스, 급진민주주의 - 라클라우와 무페에게서 ‘인민’의 담론적 구성에 관하여 -

한상원 한국철학사상연구회 2020 시대와 철학 Vol.31 No.2

오늘날 정치에 관한 사유들은 포퓰리즘이라는 현상을 비껴갈 수 없을것이다. 그런데 포퓰리즘을 둘러싼 관점들은 종종 양극단의 대립을 드러낸다. 포퓰리즘은 일종의 우려할만한 사건인가, 아니면 그 자체로 필수불가결한 민주주의 사회의 근본 전제인 것일까? 다시 말해, 포퓰리즘의 세계적확산은 오늘날 현대 사회를 파국으로 밀어넣을 것인가, 아니면 그 안에서 새로운 희망을 발견할 수 있을 것인가? 2018년 프랑스 파리에서 일어난 노란조끼 운동은 무엇을 반복하고 있는가? 1789년 7월 14일의 성난 군중인가, 아니면 1923년 11월 9일의 뮌헨 맥주집 폭동일까? 그들은 혁명의주체 프롤레타리아인가, 아니면 폭민인가. 혹은 둘 다일까? 이와 같은 논의는 근본적으로 민주주의의 주체로 상정되는 인민 혹은 데모스의 범주를 어떻게 이해할 것인가와 직접 관련되어 있다. 본 논의는 ‘포스트 맑스주의’를선언하며 급진민주주의 전략을 제시한 라클라우와 무페가 포퓰리즘에 관해도발적으로 제기하고 있는 정치철학적 사유를 소개하면서, 그 의미와 성과, 그리고 한계를 지적하고자 한다. Thoughts on politics today are not able to avoid the phenomena of populism. The perspectives on the populism often reveal the opposition between two extremes. Is populism a sort of worrisome event, or is it an inevitable fundamental precondition of democratic society? Is the global spread of populism going to drive modern society into catastrophe, or can we find new hope in it? What did the yellow vest movement repeat in Paris in 2018? Was it the raging crowd on July 14, 1789, or the Munich brewery riot on November 9, 1923? Are they the proletarians of the revolution or the mobs? Or is it both? This discussions are directly engaged to how to understand the categories of People or Demos, which is regarded as the subject of democracy. In this article, I will try to show the meaning, achievements, and limitations of Laclau and Mouffe, who proclaimed ‘Post Marxism’ and suggested the strategy of radical democracy, proposing the political philosophy of populism.

AZO 투명전도막의 전기 광학적 특성에 미치는 PET 기판 표면처리 효과

박병욱,김지훈,성열문,추영배,곽동주 경성대학교 공학기술연구소 2008 공학기술연구지 Vol.15 No.-

In this paper aluminium-doped zinc oxide(ZnO:Al) conducting layer was deposited on polyethylene terephthalate(PET) substrate by r. f. magnetron sputtering method PET substrate was modified by a DBD(dielectric barrier discharge) plasma before sputtering to improve the electric and optical properties of ZnO:Al film and to increase also the deposition rate The effect of heat treatment time on the dectrical, optical, chemical and structural properties of ZnO:Al thin film were investigated experimentally The PET films modified with the DBD plasma showed a significant decrease in water contact angle The deposition rate of ZnO:Al film in the case of the plasma-treated substrate was also increased by around 2 times compared to the untreated substrate The minimum resistivity of about 28×10-3 Ω-cm and transmittance of about 83.3% were obtained under the experimental condition of 6min of heat treatment time.

접착제에 따른 유동성 복합 레진 수복물의 미세누출 양상에 관한 연구

박지은,김종수,유승훈 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 5급 와동에서 유동성 복합 레진 수복 시 수종의 상아질 접착제에 따른 미세 누출 양상을 비교하고, resin tag 및 혼성층의 형상을 전자 현미경으로 관찰하고 비교 분석하였다. 행동 조절에 어려움이 많은 소아 환자의 접착 수복에서 술식의 간편화 및 시간 단축이 장점으로 부각되고 있는 Aln-in-one 상아질 접착제의 임상 적용 가능성을 평가하고 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 법랑질 변연에서는 II군(AQ Bond Plus)이 가장 높은 미세누출을 보였고 III군(AdheSE^(ⓡ) One), I군(Adper™ Single Bond2) 순으로 감소하였으며, II군은 I군, III군과 통계학적 유의차를 보였고(p<0.05). I군과 III군 사이에는 유의차가 없었다. 2. 상아질 변연에서는 II군, I군, III군의 순으로 미세누출이 증가하였고, 각각 통계학적 유의차를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. I군과 III군에서는 법랑질 변연이 상아질 변연보다 유의하게 낮은 미세누출을 보였으나(p<0.05), II군에서는 통계학적 유의차를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 주사전자현미경 소견에서 II군과 III군은 resin tag의 형성이 매우 미약하고 불규칙한 양상을 보인 반면 I군에서는 비교적 긴밀하고 균일한 resin tag가 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, AQ Bond Plus와 AdheSE^(ⓡ) One은 처리 과정의 단순화로 인한 시간 절약의 장점을 가지고 있으나 Adper™ Single Bond 2에 비해 상대적으로 높은 미세누출과 약한 결합력을 보인 본 실험의 결과를 미루어 볼 때, 임상적용 시 술식과 case에 따른 선택적 사용이 추천되는 바이다. This study was performed to evaluate the quality of newly offered dentin bonding system (AdheSE^(ⓡ) One) by comparing the degree of microleakage measured with those of several conventional adhesive materials (AQ Bond Plus and Adper™ Single Bond 2). The quality of hybrid layer and resin tags was analyzed by observing restoration/tooth interface under SEM. All-in-one system is in the limelight for having advantage of reducing chair time of children with difficult behavior pattern. Therefore the possibility of clinical application of All-in-one system was evaluated. The results obtained are as follows; 1. At the enamel margin, group II (AQ Bond Plus) showed the highest value of microleakage, and the other groups showed decreased value in order of group III (AdheSE^(ⓡ) One) and I (Adper™ Single Bond 2). There was statistically significant difference between group II and the others(p<0.05), and no statistical difference was found between group I and III. 2. At the dentin margin, microleakage value was increased in order of group II,I,III and significant difference between all groups(p<0.05). 3. In group I and III, microleakage value measured at the enamel margin was significantly lower than that seen at the dentin margin (p<0.05), and there was no statistical difference in group II. 4. Resin tags observed under SEM were very weak and tangled in group I and III while the strong and thick tags were observed in group I. In conclusion, careful case selection and accurate clinical application is recommended in using AQ Bond Plus and AdheSE^(ⓡ) One, giving consideration of the results showing its higher microleakage and weaker strength than Adper™ Single Bond 2.