[논문]Operational Characteristics of CO2 Laser Adopted by Superposing-Discharge

Hee-Je Kim,Hyun-Ju Chung,Byoung-Dae Min,Jong-Han Joung,Sung- lun Park 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 2003 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.62 No.-

오늘날 현저한 CO2 레이저의 응용 추세에 발맞추어 보다 다양한 형태의 출력 제어 기술이 대두되고 있다. 본연구에서는multi-Pulse Superposing-Discharge 기술을 이용하여 다양한형태의 CO2 레이저의 펄스를 성형 하였다. 펄스 성형을 위한 방법으로 PIC one-chip microprocessor를 이용하여 삼중 PFN 모률의 SCR을 각각 고유의 지연시간을 가지도록 제어하였다. 실험에 사용된 삼중 PFN 모률의 전원 회로는 각각 캐패시터 인덕터,SCR,고압 펄스 트랜스 그리고 고압 트랜스 2차측에 브릿지 정류기로 구성 하였다. 고압 펼스 트랜스의 1차측을 제어하므로서 PFN 모률의 동작을 저 전압에서 수행 할 수 있다. 트랜스의 2차측에 연결된 전파 정류기는 펄스 에너지를 부하에 지속적으로 전달한다. 본 연구에서는 삼중 PFN 모률의 각각의 SCR을 다른 시간 가격을 두고 트리거 하므로서 다양한 Long pulse shaping을 실현하였다. 또한 약 250-1000μs 의 주기를 가지는 다양한 펄스형 레이저 빔을 얻었다.

경주지역 여고생의 초경과 체성장간의 관계

김준섭,권오구,박진석,오종수,박정현,박제식,안세한,이용환,서정호,신태섭,최영배,김덕수,이관,박수경 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구는 경주지역 1개 고등학교 3학년 여고생을 대상으로 초경 시작 전인 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레 수치와 초경 연령을 파악하여 여성의 초경이 빠를수록 체성장 속도의 변화가 있을 것이라는 가설을 기초로 두 요인간의 관련성을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 경주시 1개 여자고등학교 3학년생 총 317명에 대해 ㅊ경 나이, 초경시 심리 상태, 초경이 시작되었을 때의 상담 여부와 상담하였던 사람, 부모 신장과 초경전후의 식사 규칙성, 다이어트 경험, 수면시간, 스트레스, 음주/흡연 여부, 질병력 등에 대한 설문 조사를 시행하였고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 키, 몸무게, 가슴둘레에 대한 정보는 건강기록부에서 확보하였다. 상기 대상자 중 건강기록부가 분실된 39명, 초경나이에 대해 응답하지 않았던 29명 및 결석 등으로 조사를 하지 못하였던 42명을 제외한 조사 대상자는 206명으로 선정하였다. 대상자들의 초경연령 평균값(Mean±SD)은 13.0±1.11이었고, 초등학교 4학년부터 고등학교 2학년까지의 초경 이후 신장 성장률은 감소하였으며, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교 때는 신장에 있어서 우위를 차지하나 고등학교에 오면서 신장은 비슷한 수준이 되었다. 초경후 1-2년 사이에 체중과 흉위의 증가율은 감소하였고, 초경연령이 빠른 군이 초등학교와 고등학교 사이에 체중과 흉위에서 모두 우위를 차지하였다. 본 연구의 결과는, 흔히 이차 성징의 시작 시점 혹은 사춘기의 시작 시점으로 보고있는 초경 연령이 청소년기의 성장과 밀접한 관련성이 있고, 특히 체중과 흉위의 성장 속도와 밀접한 관련성이 있음을 시사한다. To understand the onset of menarche in relation to changes in physical growth that take place during female adolescence, especially the changes in height and weight velocity. The 207 senior in one women high school of Kyongju were investigated in April 3 to 8, 2001. We collected the information, relation in the age at menarche, height & weight of parents, regularity of eating, and obesity diet, duration of sleeping, sickness & stress near age at menarche, by self-recording. The status of height, weight & chest circumference between the 4th grade of primary school and the junior of high school was collected by individual Health Record. The results were followed; The average age at menarche was 12.95±1.11 years old and the most frequent age of menarche is 13 years. After menarche, the velocity of height, weight and chest circumference were decreased. The most rapid group of menarche hold dominant position in height during elementary school. As time passed, they dont hold dominant position in height. The most rapid group of menarche get an advantage in the weight and the girth of chest after elementary school. The height of subjects is directly proportional to the height of their parents. These results suggest that the starting age at menestuation can be closely associated with physical growth and development.

FGF signaling이 연골 형성에 미치는 영향

박충제,이상원,남순현,김영진,류현모,김현정 大韓小兒齒科學會 2003 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4

막내골화와 연골내골화 등의 정상적인 골격 성장은 섬유아세포 성장인자 (FGF) 와 이들 수용체들 (FGFR) 에 의한 신호전달체계에 의해 조절된다. 또한 전사조절인자인 Runx2 (Cbfa1/Pebp2αA/AML3) 는 골아세포분화 뿐만 아니라 골형성에도 필수적인 유전자로 알려져 있다. FGF signaling이 mouse의 두 개관과 하악에서의 연골 형성에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있으며, 이 과정에서 Runx2의 연관성을 알아보고자 in vivo 및 in vitro 실험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 두 개관의 하악을 Alcian blue 염색한 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골은 태생16일부터, Meckel's 연골은 태생11일부터 형성되기 시작하였다. 이들 연골세포들의 성사을 알아보기위한 in situ hybridization 결과 시상두개봉합부 연골 및 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 type Ⅱ collagen은 발현되었으나, Type X collagen은 발현되지 않았다. Runx2 mRNA는 시상두개봉합부 연골과 Meckel's 연골 모두에서 발현되지 않았지만, 이들 연골들의 가장자리를 둘러싸고 있는 독특한 발현양상을 나타내었다. 두개 봉합부에서의 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용은 두개봉합부 하방의 연골형성을 억제하였다. 또한 하악의 Meckel's 연골 발생부위에 FGF2 protein의 국소적 적용 역시 Meckel's 연골의 형성을 억제하였다. FGF2 protein은 시상두개봉합부상의 bead 주위로 Runx2의 발현을 유도하였다. 이 결과들을 종합해볼 때, FGF signaling은 골아세포와 연골아세포가 공존하고 있는 조직에서의 연골 형성을 억제하고 있음을 시사해 주고 있으며, 이 과정에서 FGF signaling은 부분적으로 Runx2 유전자의 발현을 조절하므로써 연골세포의 증식과 분화에 관여할 것으로 사료된다. Figroblast growth factor (FGF) / FGF receptor (FGFR) mediated signaling is required for skeletogenesis including intramembranous and endochondral ossifications. Runx2 (Cbfa1/Pebp2αA/AML3) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Murine calvaria and mandible are concurrently undergoing both intramembranous bone and cartilage formations in the early development stage. However the mechanism by which these cartilage formations are regulated remains unclear. To elucidate the effect of FGF signaling on development of cranial sutural catilage and Meckel's cartilage and to understand the role of Runx2 in these processs, we have done both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Alcian blue staining showed that cartilage formation in sagittal suture beings from embryonic state 16 (E16), Meckel's cartilage formation in mandible from E12. We analyzed by in situ hybridization the characteristics of cartilage cells that type Ⅱ collagen, not type X collagen, was expressed in sagittal sutural cartilage and Meckel's cartilage. In addition, Runx2 was not expressed in Meckel's cartialge as well as sagittal sutural cartilage, except specific expression pattern only surrounding both cartilages. FGF signaling pathway was further examined in vitro. Beads soaked in FGF2 placed on the sagittal suture and mandible inhibited both sutural and Meckel's cartilage formations. We next examined whether Runx2 gene lies in FGF siganling pathway during regulation of catilage formation. These results suggest that FGF signaling inhibits formations of sagittal sutural and Meckel's cartilages, also propose that FGF siganling is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of chondroblasts through regulating the transcription factor Runx2.

주산기 백서에서 혈중 에스트로겐 농도와 공간 기억력과의 상관관계

박민성,박제민,신성현,한귀원,김명정,김성곤 大韓神經精神醫學會 2006 신경정신의학 Vol.45 No.5

Objectives : This study was designed to find possible effect of pregnancy and parturition on spatial memory, especially in relation to levels of estrogen during the third trimester and postpartal period in rats. Methods : 25 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into pregnant group (N= 14) and control group (N= 11). Changes in spatial memory during 6 weeks including third trimester and postpartal period were measured using Morris water maze. Time to reach the platform in the maze was indicator of spatial memory. Serum estrogen level was measured on 1 week before delivery, postpartal day 1, and day 14. Results : Both groups showed gradual improvement in performance by trial days and weeks, but no significant difference was found between the two groups. However in the third trimester, pregnant group showed a trend of less achievement on 3 days of learning than control group. Serum estrogen levels did not differ significantly between groups over the 6 weeks of period. However there was positive correlation between serum estrogen level on postpartum day 1 and time to reach platform on postpartum week 2, and negative correlation between estrogen level on postpartum day 14 and latency to the platform on postpartum week 5. Conclusion : These results imply that changes in the serum estrogen level may have dual effects on the spatial learning in peripartal period. It is suggested that decline in cognitive function might occur either by failure of rapid decrease of estrogen, immediately after parturition, or retarded restoration of estrogen in later postpartal period.

퍼지-뉴럴 네트워크를 기반으로 한 이상진단 프로그램의 개발

박제현,김영진 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 2002 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.8 No.-

An automation process is implemented in the manufacturing and production system nowadays due to the progress in the technology which utilizes the Artificial Intelligence methods. Here, the Artificial Intelligence supervises various level of processes ranging from the work of the machines to the detection of malfunction of the system. Especially, in the realm of malfunction detection, the diagnostics of faults in the Bearing system is very important since most of the machinery is consist of rotating parts and the bearings is the key element in the system. Due to the malfunction in the bearing system, the whole machine can quit and cause an economical loss and hazardous situation. Then, it is utmost important to identify early the malfunction of the bearing system though the diagnostic system. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to diagnose the malfunction of the system by digital computer. In this algorithm, a pre-processor is developed to classify the fuzzy clusters of the sample data though the neural network method. Also, the fuzzy rule based system is implemented to identify the cause of the failure. Using these methods, we develop a fuzzy-neural diagnostic system for the learning system.

Mycophenolic Acid가 PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 NAD(P)H Oxidase, 세포내 활성산소족 및 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases에 미치는 영향

박제현,하헌주,김명수,허규하,김유선 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy as in atherosclerosis. We already reported that mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited VSMC proliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human VSMCs. In this study, we examined further molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of MPA in rat VSMCs. Methods: Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MPA and various kinds of cell signaling inhibitors. Cell proliferation was assessed by [H³]-thymidine incorporation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits mRNA expression by RT-PCR, dichlorofluorescein-sensitive cellular ROS by FACS, and the activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, and MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased cell proliferation and cellular ROS, activation of PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751), racl, expression of p22phox and MOX1 mRNA, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK, compared to control. MPA inhibited up-regulation of racl phosphorylation, p22phox and MOX1 mRNA expression, cellular ROS, and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. However, MPA did not affect PDGF receptor-β (Tyr 751) activation. Wortmannin, diphenyleniodonium (DPI), trolox, and NAC, each inhibited PDGF-induced ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor also inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion: These results suggest that MPA inhibits PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent cellular ROS leading to ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. 배경 : 혈관평활근 세포의 증식은 장기이식 후 발생하는 혈관경화증이나 동맥경화증의 발생과 진행에 중요한 역할을 한다. Mycophenolic acid (MPA)는 강력한 면역억제제로서 혈관평활근 세포의 증식도 억제한다. 본 연구는 사람의 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPK가 세포증식에 관여하는 신호전달계인 활성산소족과 mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) 활성화를 억제하는 기존의 연구결과를 바탕으로, PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 MPA가 세포의 증식을 억제하는 기전을 검색하였다. 방법 : 일차 배양한 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포를 PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL로 자극하였고, MPA를 비롯한 여러 종류의 신호전달 억제제는 PDGF를 투여하기 1시간 전에 투여하였다. 세포증식은 [H³]-thymidine incorporation으로, NAD(P)H oxidase subunit의 mRNA 표현은 RT-PCR로, dichlorofluorescein에 민감한 세포내 활성산소족은 FACS 방법으로, 그리고 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751), racl 및 MARK 활성하는 Western blot으로 각각 분석하였다. 결과 : PDGF는 PDGF 수용체-β (Tyr 751)의 활성화 및 NAD(P)H oxidase subunit 중 racl의 활성화와 p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현을 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 증가시켰다. MPA는 PDGF 수용체의 활성화에는 영향을 주지 않았으나, racl의 활성화, p22phox와 MOX1의 mRNA 표현의 상향 조절, 세포내 활성산소족, 그리고 ERK 1/2와 p38 MAPK의 활의한 EFK 1/2와 p38 MAPK 활성화와 세포 증식을 억제하였다. PD98059와 p38 MAPK 억제제는 PDGF에 의한 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제하였다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 MPA가 NAD(P)H oxidase를 억제함으로써 세포내 활성산소족 생산과, MAPK 활성화를 억제함으로써 PDGF에 의하여 유도되는 혈관평활근 세포의 증식을 억제함을 시사하였다.

AC PDP 네 투명 유전층의 절연내력과 투과율에 관한 연구

박정후,이성현,손재봉,김규섭,조정수 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.54 No.-

AC PDP(plasma display panel)는 40인치 이상의 대화면 디스플레이 장치로서, AC PDP내 투명 유전층은 방전플라즈마중의 양이온 충격에 의해서 금속전극이 스파터되는 것을 보호하고, 유전층 표면에 벽전하를 형성하여 대화면 구동에 필요한 메모리기능을 부가하므로 방전 cell구조에서 필수적인 부분이다. 이러한 유전층은 우수한 절연내력을 가져야할 뿐 아니라 가시광을 투과시키기 위한 높은 투과율이 요구된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 여러 조건들 하에서 유전층의 절연내력과 투과율에 관하여 논하였다. 그 결과 15μm 두께를 가지고 570℃에서 소성을 행한 유전층의 경우 최소 29V/μm의 절연 내력을 가졌고, 80%정도의 투과율을 나타내었다. 그러므로 AC PDP에서 적정유전층의 두께는 최고인 가전압에 대해서 약 80V 정도의 마진을 가지는 15μm정도가 적당하다고 생각된다. AC PDP(plasma display panel) is large display panel over 40 inch. The transparent dielectric layers in AC PDP are essential to the discharge cell structure, because they protect metal electrodes from sputtering by positive ion bombarding in discharge plasma and form a sheath of wall charges which are essential to memory function necessary to drive large panel. This layer should have high dielectric strength, and also be transparent because visiable light must pass through this layer. Therefore in this paper, we discussed the dielectric strength and transmittance coefficient of the dielectric layer under various conditions. As a result, on the 15μm thickness, the minimum dielectric strength was 29V/μm and the transmittance coefficient was about 80% after 570℃ firing process. It is considered that the resonable dielectric thickness in AC PDP is 15μm because it has about 80V margin on the maximum applied voltage.

성격특성과 직무만족 간의 관계 : 비정규직 여성 텔레마케터를 대상으로

박제일,이정현 龍仁大學校 人文社會科學硏究所 2005 인문사회논총 Vol.- No.12

This study was conducted by the purpose of exploring the factors affecting job satisfaction of who are increasing recently through examining the relationship between personality traits and job satisfaction of irregular female tele marketers. To pursue this goal, survey was conducted and the subjects were 425 tele marketers who are employed by l company in Korea. As a result of ANOVA analysis, Sociability of Inbound Group and Challenging of outbound Group showed significant diffterences. Also, ANOVA analysis according to their job performance revealed that High performance Group showed significant diffterences compared to Average or Low performance Group. Results by Structural Equation Analysis of personality trait and job satisfaction in entire group indicated that high Stability and Challenging were related to low job satisfaction while high prudence and Sociability were related to high job satisfaction, It is expected that this result will contribute to the systematic and effective human resources management of tele marketers afterwards such as selection, training, organization management. However, this study has its limits to single company case and thus it is necessary to expand the subjects of survey in the future study.

국민기초생활보장제도의 쟁점 및 정책과제

박병현,이제호 부산대학교 사회과학대학 2000 社會科學論叢 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this paper is to propose the issues and policy tasks of the National Basic Life Guarantee System. The National Basic Life Guarantee System has been enforced since October 1, 2000. As the issues in the National Basic Life Guarantee System, the issues in the base of allocation, the amount of benefit, support work in self-help, overload of social workers tasks were proposed. As the policy tasks, the necessity of improvement in the standard of beneficiary selection, the introduction of work income deduction system, the necessity of improvement in the standard of decision of benefit amount, and provision of medical care for the working poor, supplement of public social worker, and development of self-help program were proposed. If these policy tasks are improved, the introduction of the National Basic Life Guarantee System which replacing the Livelihood Protection system will be a great reform of our time in Korea.

성선자극호르몬유리호르몬 길항제인 Antide가 수컷 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

박정현,박제민,김명정,이국희,최상헌,장세헌 대한생물치료정신의학회 2001 생물치료정신의학 Vol.7 No.1

To investigate testosterone effect on nociception, tail flick latency(TFL, sec, 50±1℃) was measured before and after administration of antide(a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist) in male mice(Institute of Cancer Research, age of 7-8 weeks, weight 30.5-37.5gm). Testosterone replacement effect on TFL was also examined in antide pre-treated male mice. Experiment 1:30 male mice were randomized into 3 groups(N=10 each). Antide 100㎍/kg, 300㎍/kg or same volume(5.7ml/kg) of 0.2% bovine serum albumin was administered intraperitoneally. TFL was measured before and at 3,6, 9, 12 and 24 hours after injection. Experiment 2 : 40 novice male mice were randomized into 2 groups(N=20 each) and both groups were pre-treated with antide 300㎍/kg i.p.6 hours after antide injection, testosterone 1mg/kg or same volume(5.7ml/kg) of sesame oil was administered i.p. TFL was measured before and 6 hours after antide pre-treatment and 30 min after testosterone/vehicle injection. 1) TFL was significantly shortened by antide in dose dependent manner, In control group, baseline TFL(mean±SD) and those measured at 3,6,9,12 and 24 hours after injection were 4.8±0.7, 5.6±0.7, 5.3±0.6, 5.4±0.6 and 4.7±0.6 sec, respectively. In antide 100㎍/kg group, TFLs were 5.2±0.9, 5.1 ±1.1, 4.2±0.9, 4.4±0.8, 5.1±0.8, and 4.7±0.8 sec, respectively. Compared with baseline, significant hyperalgesia appeared 6 and 9 hours after treatment. TFL measured at 6 hours after treatment was significantly shorter than control. In antide 300㎍/kg group, TFLs were 5.6±0.4, 4.5±0.9, 4.3±0.6, 3.9±1.0, 4.6±0.8 and 4.7±0.9 sec. Significant hyperalgesia appeared 3 hours after treatment and continued thereafter. TFLs measured at 3, 6 and 9 hours after treatment were significantly shorter than control, and TFL at 9 hours was significantly shorter than antide 100㎍/kg group. 2) Hyperalgesia induced by antide pre-treatment was recovered by testosterone replacement. In control group. TFL was shortened by antide pre-treartment(baseline : 6.1±1.0 sec ,6 hr after antide : 4.7±1.0 sec) and there was no significant change after vehicle injection(4.6±0.8 sec). In testosterone group, shortening of TFL induced by antide pre-treatment(baseline: 6.2±0.8 sec; 6 hr after antide: 4.6±0.9 sec) disappeared after testosteronen replacement(0.6±0.8sec). From these results, it is suggested that testosterone has a role of maintaining baseline antinociception and acute decrease in testosterone level results in hyperalgesia.