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만성 요통 환자의 침 치료 경험(2): 질적 연구 -무작위 대조군 연구 피험자를 대상으로
김송이 ( Song Yi Kim ),이기병 ( Kee Byoung Lee ),이향숙 ( Hyang Sook Lee ),손행미 ( Haeng Mi Son ),송미연 ( Mi Yeon Song ),이혜정 ( Hye Jung Lee ),박히준 ( Hi Joon Park ) 경락경혈학회 2012 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.29 No.4
Objectives: To explore the experiences of patients with chronic low back pain(CLBP) in a randomized controlled trial(RCT) of acupuncture. Methods: Five qualitative focus group interviews were conducted at three Korean Medicine Hospitals. Two to 4 participants from the same group(real or sham acupuncture) in the RCT of acupuncture for CLBP discussed their experiences and perceptions of the clinical trial and the acupuncture treatment. Transcribed data were read independently by researchers and analyzed to categorize information and identify themes. Results: A total of 14 participants were included. Most of them discovered positive aspects of being a study subject and a patient. They recognized the differences between experimental and real-world clinical settings such as formal procedures of treatment, and different acupuncture device. Participants also expressed the weaker sensation of acupuncture compared to the previous experience. Especially, they were well aware of the ``subjects`` role themselves, thus they observed their changes of symptom closely. As subjects were generally satisfied with their treatment and they had a good feeling to acupuncture after the trial, they expressed their willingness to participate in the future clinical trial of acupuncture. Conclusions: Our finding suggests that the Korean patients` experience of participating in an RCT was generally positive. Their tendency to perform the ``subject`` role might affect the trial`s process or overall results.
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김송이 ( Kim Song-yi ) 호남사학회(구 전남사학회) 2018 역사학연구 Vol.70 No.-
이 글은 8세기 전반 역병의 대유행 때 일본 조정이 불교의술 활동을 통해 정치·사회에 미친 영향을 고찰한 글이다. 논지는 두 단계로 진행하였다. 먼저 8세기 전반 일본에 발생한 역병 양상 및 조정의 대응책을 검토하였다. 이어 승려들의 의료 활동 및 고묘황후의 지원과 같은 상황이 불교의술의 활용에 주는 영향을 추론하였다. 이 시기 역병은 735년 이전과 이후로 나뉘는데 735년부터 737년간 유행했던 역병은 痘瘡(천연두)으로 추정되며 畿內지역에 대규모의 피해를 가져왔다. 특히 737년에는 당시 집권세력이었던 후지와라 4형제를 포함하여 약 12명의 관인이 사망하는 등 지배계층 역시 역병에 노출되었다. 당시 일본 조정의 역병 대응책은 大赦, 藥師·湯藥의 賑給, 神祇적 대응, 佛敎적 대응 등이 있었다. 불교적 대응책은 735년 이후에 두드러졌으며, 주로 경전 轉讀, 승려의 佛寺 출가, 경전 강의 등으로 이루어졌다. 이때 사용된 『大般若經』, 『金光明最勝王經』에는 불교의술에 관한 내용이 확인된다. 조정이 불교의술을 주목한 데에는 당시 교키(行基), 겐보(玄昉)와 같은 승려의 활동에 영향을 받은 것으로 보인다. 교키는 735년부터 737년간 布施屋을 치료시설로 사용했을 것으로 생각한다. 또한 겐보(玄昉)는 737년 쇼무천황의 모친인 후지와라노 미야코(藤原宮子)의 병을 치료하였다. 한편 고묘황후(光明皇后)와 8세기 전반 이후 일본에서 의약이 중요시되는 분위기 역시 주목된다. 730년 설치된 施藥院은 皇后宮職 소속으로, 약물 관리 및 환자 施療를 하는 慈惠醫院의 역할을 통해 불교의술에 대한 사람들의 관심을 높였을 것이다. 또한 『東大寺獻物帳』 「種種藥藏」이나 『大日本古文書』 「買新羅物解」을 통해 일본에서의 의약 중요도와 수입 비중을 유추할 수 있다. 735년부터 737년간 역병의 대유행은 민심 동요와 사회 혼란을 가져왔다. 일본 조정은 국가 위기의 해결과 약화된 대민지배를 강화하는 수단으로 불교의술에 주목했다. 한편 불교계는 조정과의 연계를 통해 중앙과 민간으로 교세를 확장시킬 수 있었다. 더불어 불교의술은 8세기 전반 이후 많은 의학서의 편찬과 함께 고대 일본 의학 발전의 계기가 되었다. This article is associated with the consideration regarding the effects which had been made on politics·society through the usage of the medical technique of Buddhism in the Japanese government at the period of the spread of the epidemic in the first half of the 8th century. Firstly, the appearance of the epidemic which had been caused in Japan in the first half of the 8th century & the action in the Japanese government has been considered. The cases which had an influence on the usage of the medical technique of Buddhism such as the medical activities of Buddhist monks & the support of Empress Komyo has been inferred in sequence. The epidemic at this period is separated into before 735 and after 735. Smallpox presumably had been spread between 735 and 737 and it had caused damage on a large scale in Kenai. Especially, the ruling class also had seemed to be exposed to the epidemic such that approximately 12 officials including the ruling forces at that time, Fujiwara who had four brothers had died. At that time, the resolutions against the epidemic in the Japanese government was 大赦(the behavior of grating an amnesty to criminals), 藥師(Sending a pharmacist)·湯藥(Granting the medicinal herb), 神祇(Praying for God), 佛敎(Buddhistic action). Buddhistic resolutions were remarkably standing out after 735 and are mainly composed of 轉讀(Reading Buddhism scriptures), 佛寺(The behavior of becoming Buddhist monks), the lecture of scriptures. The documents used at that time such as 『大般若經(the Sutra of Great Wisdom)』, 『金光明最勝王經(the Sutra of Diamond Light)』 that have included the medical technique of Buddhism is verified. The main reason why the Japanese government had paid attention to the medical technique of Buddhism seemed to be affected by the activities of Buddhist monks such as Gyoki(行基), Genbo(玄昉). It might be considered that Gyoki had taken advantage of 布施屋(Bosiok-Buddhist alms a temple offering) as medical facilities from 735 to 737. Furthermore, Genbo(玄昉) had cured a disease of Fujiwara no Miyako (藤原宮子) as a mother of Emperor Shomu in 737. Meanwhile, the role of Empress Komyo and the atmosphere that medicine was considered important in Japan has been watched after Empress Komyo and the first half of the 8th century. 施藥院(Siyeakwon) installed in 730 was belonging to 皇后宮職(Empress organization) and had made the republic interested highly regarding the medical technique of Buddhism through the role of 慈惠醫院(Jahyeyeowon) which is not only managing medicine but also curing patients. Also, the importance and import ratio of medicine in Japan can be analogized through 『東大寺獻物帳 (Archive of Dongdae temple)』 「種種藥藏(Archive of Medicine)」and 『大日 本古文書(Document of Ancient Japan)』 「買新羅物解(Document of trading with Silla)」. The spread of epidemic from 735 to 737 had been brought to public unrest and social disorder. Japanese government had taken notice of the medical technique of Buddhism as a method which can reinforce the weaken management of civil service and resolve the national crisis. Meanwhile, Buddhism has been able to expand the religious influence into the center as well as the republic by collaborating with the Japanese government. Additionally, the medical technique of Buddhism served as a momentum of ancient Japanese medical development with compiling many medical books after the first half of the 8th century.
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개인변인과 기관변인에 따른 팀티칭학급 교사의 갈등에 관한 연구
김송은(Song Eun Kim),신은수(Eun Soo Shin),김현진(Hyun Jin Kim) 한국열린유아교육학회 2013 열린유아교육연구 Vol.18 No.6
본 연구는 현재 팀티칭 학급 운영에 참여하는 교사의 갈등이 어떠한지 알아보고 팀티칭 학급 교사의 갈등이 개인변인(연령)과 기관변인(기관유형, 담당 영유아연령, 학급 내 경력순위, 팀교사 간 전공)에 따라 차이가 있는지 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 서울시와 경기도에 재직 중인 유아교사 중 팀티칭 학급을 운영하고 있는 교사 197명을 대상으로 연구를 실시하였다. 연구 결과 팀티칭 학급 교사의 갈등은 시간부족에 따른 갈등, 팀티칭 관련 교육 미비에 따른 갈등, 파트너 결정에 따른 갈등 등 행정적 지원 갈등이 다른 영역에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났으며 갈등 수준은 개인변인 및 기관변인에서 부분적으로 차이가 있었다. 따라서 팀티칭 학급을 운영하는 유아교육기관에서는 팀티칭 학급 운영의 특수성을 이해하고 팀교사 간 협의를 위한 협력시간 확보를 위해 노력해야하며, 팀티칭 관련 지침을 개발하여 유아교육기관 운영자 및 학급 교사를 위한 학급운영의 기초적인 가이드라인 제시, 각 현장과 교사가 처한 상황에 적절한 유아교육기관 및 국가수준의 행정적, 재정적 지원이 필요하다고 여겨진다. This study is examines teacher conflicts in team-teaching classes according to individual variables and education institute variables. This study targets 197 teachers participating in team-teaching classes in Seoul and Gyunggido. The questionnaire used in the research was made in reference to the checklists of Murawski, Dieker(2008), Salend, Gorden, Lopez-Vona(2002) and based on previous studies on team teaching(Kown, 2009; Hestenes et al., 2009, Stewart, 2005; Sileo, 2011). The validity of its contents was reviewed by three current teachers, three graduate students majoring in Early Childhood Education and two Early Childhood Education professionals. The collected survey was examined via t-tests and a one-way ANOVA. The study finds that conflicts caused by administrative issues (lack of time, the level of team teaching education) and issues between team-teaching partners, and, the level of the conflict partially differ depending on teacher factors and organization factors. Hence, children education institutes that implement team-teaching classes should understand the specialty of team-teaching class management and support teachers so that they have more time for meetings. These institutes should also develop team-teaching related rules to give clear guidelines for teachers and should also support their principals in financial and administrative issues.
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