체간안정화 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 호흡기능에 미치는 효과

이경진(Kyeong-Jin Lee),정주현(Ju-Hyeoun Jeong),조명래(Myeong-Rae Jo),김세윤(Se-Yoon Kim),김난수(Nan-Soo Kim) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2019 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of trunk stability training on improving trunk control, respiratory function, and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were assigned to two groups: the intervention group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Both groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program, but the intervention group also received trunk stability training for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The main trunk stability exercise consisted of the dead bug exercise. Trunk control was assessed using a trunk impairment scale, and respiratory function (pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function) was assessed using spirometry. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results : Trunk control was significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Both groups showed a significant increase in trunk control and respiratory function. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that a conventional stroke rehabilitation program and trunk stability training have positive effects on respiratory function and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients.

간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

부산광역시 지하철역 지하공간의 대기오염 특성

이화운,장난심,곽진,이희령,김희만 한국환경과학회 2002 한국환경과학회지 Vol.11 No.3

The purpose of this study is designed to estimate the air quality of subway stations that have the underground platforms in Pusan Metropolitan City, from September to November 2000, over seventimes. The subjects include Yonsan-dong station, Somyon station, Pusan station, Nampo-dong station, and Tushil station. The samplings were conducted at three points of each station, i.e. gate, ticket gates, and platforms. The major materials for analysis were CO, NO, NO_2, and O_3. The experiment was conducted at 7:00 pm with KIMOTO HS-seven Handy sampler and Tedlar Bag of SKC INC(U.S.A). In order to more fully understand station environments, we also measured temperature at each point. The results showed that O_3 average concentration at Yonsan-dong station was higher than others with 38~51 ppb. The average concentration of NO was high at ticket gate and platform at Somyon station(119 ppb, 122 ppb), Nampo-dong station(102 ppb, 100 ppb). These results show that the air pollution of stations with underground shopping malls was higher than others. At Somyon station having a junction station, NO and NO_2 concentration level of platform-2(noncrowded) was higher than platform-1(crowded). This is most likely due to the accumulation of air pollutants and inadequate ventilation systems.

경량 폴리머 콘크리트의 강도 및 난연성에 관한 연구

이윤수,주명기,김남길 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 2001 석재연 논문집 Vol.6 No.-

불포화 에스트테 수지가 가장 많이 이용되는 분야 중의 하나로 건축 내ㆍ외장재로 이용되고 있으나 여기서 지금까지 가장 문제로 되고 있는 것이 난연성 향상에 관한 것이다. 불포화 폴리에스터 수지는 탄소를 구성 성분으로 하는 유기물이므로 무기재료와 같은 불연성을 기대하기는 어려우나 지금까지의 연구결과 불연성 첨가제 등을 이용하여 어느 정도까지는 연소를 억제시킬 수는 있다는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 폴리머 콘크리트의 난연성 성능을 판단하기 위해 난연제가 이미 포함되어 시판되는 불포화 에스트테 수지를 결합재로 사용하고 탄산칼슘을 충진재로, 규사를 잔골재로 치환하고, 굵은골재를 경량골재로하는 경량 폴리머 콘크리트를 제조하여 결합재 첨가량과 규사 치환율을 변화시켜 변수별 난연특성을 구명하였던 바, 최적의 결합재 첨가량과 규사 치환율을 얻을 수 있었다. In this study, the light weight polymer concrete were produced, in which unsaturated polyester resin was used as a binder, calcium carbonate as a filler, silica sand and perlite as a fine aggregate, and expanded shale as a coarse aggregate. The effect of binder content and silica sand content that influence on strength and incombustibility are examined. Results show that the compressive, flexural and tensile strengths of the lightweight polymer concretes increase with increasing binder content as well as silica sand content. Addition of the unsaturated polyester resin with the flame retarder is effective for improving the incombustible properties of lightweight polymer concrete.

상전환 공정 이중구조막의 형상에 있어 침지용 비용매가 미치는 영향

이근우,서범경,임난주,한명진 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1

Polusulfone scintillation proximity membranes of a double-layered structure wereprerared with Cerium Activated Yttrium Silicate (CAYS) impregnated in a membranestructure. Using the prepared membranes, the radioactivity of an area contamintedby radionuclids can be monitored without any scintillation cocktail The membranewere fromed through two separate casting and coagulation processes. The transparentand dense support layer was obtained by solidifying a polysulfone-methylene chloridebinary solution through vacuum. CAYS-dispersed polymer solutions were cast over the top of solidified, transparent polymer films and coagulated by immersing into acoagulation bath, containing either water or isopropanol. The prepared membranesconsist of double layers. The bottom laver is a dense. pure polymer film. and thetop works as an active layer to detect a radioactive contamination .The membrane structures are significantly different depending on the nonsolvent type.

흡연 청소년여학생의 영양소 섭취량과 칼슘배설량, 활동량 및 혈청25-(OH)비타민D와의 관련성

윤진숙,이난조 계명대학교 생활과학연구소 2000 科學論集 Vol.26 No.-

This study investigated the interactions of bone status with smoking in 72 high school attending students. Study subjects consisted with smoking(n=23) and nonsmoking(n=49) group. Dietary nutrients intake were estimated by 24-hr recall method. Daily activity of each subject was estimated by an activity questionnaire. Urinary calcium and creatinine excretion were assayed from subjects' 24 hour urine, while serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D[25-(OH) Vit D] and osteocalcin were measured from subjects' blood. The results of this study were as follows : 1.Average energy intake for smokers was slightly higher than that for nonsmokers. However, calcium and vitamin C intake for smokers were lower than for nonsmokers. 2.There was no significant difference of dietary calcium intake and urinary calcium/creatinine ratio between smokers and nonsmokers. 3. There was no signifcant difference in serum 25-(OH) Vit D3 level observed between two groups. 4.Serum osteocalcin was not significantly different between smokers and nonsmokers. 5.Bone status of study subjects belonged to normal according to urinary calcium/creatinine ratio, serum 25-(OH) Vit D concentration, and serum osteocalcin concentration. 8.Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that bone status of subjects were mainly influenced by calcium intake, fiber intake and smoking. KEY WORDS : bone status · urinary calcium/creatinine ratio · serum osteocalcin. serum 25-(OH) Vit D · nutrient intake · smoking.

Lipopolysaccharide 로 유발된 생쥐 무릎관절낭 염증에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 변화를 중심으로 Based on the Morphological Changes of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Membrane

김진택,안상현,최난희,정재만,박인식,강윤호,김호현,이해풍 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 관절염 유발시 일어나는 관절낭의 형태학적 변화를 조사하기위해 ljpopolysaccharide(LPS)주사로 인위적 관절낭 염증을 유발시킨 후 시간경과에 따른 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 형태 변화를 관찰하였다. BALB/C 암컷 생쥐 오른쪽 무릎관절낭에 LPS 300㎍/㎏를 주사한 후 3, 7 그리고 14일에 무릎관절을 얻었다. 무릎관절은 4주동안 EDTA용액에 탈회한 후 통상적 방법으로 paraffin에 포매하였다. 또한 윤활관절막의 미세구조변화는 embed812로 포매한 후 관찰하였다. LPS 주사후 관절연골 인접부위의 윤활관절막에서 시작된 세포과형성(hyperplasia)은 시간 경과후 전체 윤활관절막으로 확대되었다. 윤활관절막내의 미세구조의 변화로는 윤활포식세포(type 1)가 관절강내로의 많은 돌기(filopodia)를 내었고, 잘 발달된 과립형질내세망을 가지는 type 2 윤활분비세포의 숫적 증가가 보였다. 한편 LPS 주사후 섬유관절막에서 나타나는 형태학적 변화는 collagen fiber 생성에 의한 섬유화가 증가되며, 이러한 섬유화를 주도하는 섬유모세포의 이주증가파 관찰되었다. 또한 혈관 주위에서는 백혈구의 이주 증가가 나타났으며, 탈과립형(degranulated type) 비만세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 LPS 주사로 관절낭에서 염증이 유발되어 윤활관전막과 섬유관절막에서 형태학적 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 형태학적 변화는 발병초기 류마티스성 관절염에서 나타나는 병리학적 소건과 동일한 결과로서, 앞으로 진행될 치료제 개발과 유발기전에 관한 해석을 위한 in vivo 실험의 적절한 모델로 기여한 것으로 기대된다. Synovial joint of BALB/C mice were injeced with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were observed to investigate the morphological changes of synovial capsule caused by rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The RA on female Balb/c mice were induced by LPS injection, as dose of 300㎍/㎏, into synovial cavity of knee joint. And then these specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and were decalcificated in EDTA solution for 4 weeks. The hyperplasia of synovium were appeared in synovial membrane. The filopodia of phagocytic like synoviocyte(type Ⅰ synoviocyte) projected into synovial cavity and the number of fibroblast like synoviocyte(type Ⅱ synoviocyte) with well-developed endoplasmic reticulum were increased in synovium. In fibrous membrane, the fibrosis induced by synthesis of collagen fiber were enlarged to all fibrous membrane, and the number of fibroblast were increased. A great number of inflammation component cell as Iymphocyte and neutrophil leukocyte were infiltrated around capillary and the degranulate typed mast cell were increased. As results indicated that the hyperplasia of synovium induced by LPS, subsequently to cause the fibrosis, infiltration of imflammation component cell, and increase of degranulated type mast call as same as symptoms of RA.

치면열구전색제의 도포 시 전색제에 따른 기포 발생 양태

김현진,이난영,이상호 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

치면열구전색제의 도포 시 발생하는 기포는 전색제의 두께 감소에 의한 강도의 저하로 파절 및 마모를 일으킬 수 있으며 특히 계면부에 발생한 경우 미세 누출 등의 임상적인 문제점을 가져온다. 본 조사에서는 치면열구전색제 중 Teethmate F-1^(®)(Kuraray, Japan), Ultraseal XTplus^(®) (Ultradent, USA), Clinplo^(®)(3M-ESPE, USA), Helioseal^(®)(Ivoclar-Vivadent, Liechtenstein)의 기포 발생 양태를 알아보고자 하였다. 자연치 교합면의 열구를 모방한 표준화된 시편을 제작하고 치면열구전색제를 각 군별 20개의 시편에 전색하고 광중합 시킨 후 열구 중앙을 절단하여 stereoscope(Olympus SZ61, Japan)으로 확대하여 관찰하였고 컴퓨터 영상분석 프로그램(Image Pro plus, Express, Mediacybermetics Co., U.S.A)을 통하여 기포의 발생 양태를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 기포의 발생 빈도는 Ultraseal XT^(®) plus에서 사용 시간과 관계없이 Helioseal^(®)에 Clinprotip과 metal canula tip을 적용한 경우보다 더 높게 나타났다(p <0.05). 2. 기포의 단면적 당 개수는 Ultraseal XT^(®) plus old가 Clinpro^(®), TeethmateF-1^(®) Helioseal^(®)에 brush tip을 적용한 경우보다 많이 발생하였다(p<0.05). 3. 기포의 평균 단면적은 Teethmate F-1^(®)가 다른 군에 비해 큰 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 4. Clinpro^(®)와 적용 tip을 달리한 Helioseal^(®)의 경우 기포의 발생 빈도, 평균 개수, 평균 단면적 모두 유의차를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). In clinical practice, air bubbles trapped in the pit and fissure may increase early loss of sealing materials for fracture, wear and microleakage. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the bubble behavior of pit and fissure sealant. The 140 replicas made of epoxy resin were used to this experiment. Following conditioning, light-polymerized sealants were applied and then exposed to the light source. After stereoscopic examination of standarized specimen by grinding, bubble behavior was analysed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Ultraseal XT^(®) plus grops irrespective of using time were higher than groups of Helioseal^(®) with clinpro tip and metal tip in the frequency of bubble(p <0.05). 2. Ultraseal XT^(®) plus old group was more than Clinpro^(®), Teethmate F-1^(®) and Helioseal^(®) with brush tip in the number of bubble under 200 magnified cross section(p <0.05). 3. The widest mean area of bubble was shown in the Teethmate F-1^(®). 4. No statistically significant difference of the frequency and the site of bubble between Clinpro^(®) and Helioseal^(®) groups(p >0.05).

자가 산부식 접착제를 이용한 치면열구전색의 미세누출 평가

김현진,이난영,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

자가 산부식 접착제는 산부식 과정 후 수세없이 와동을 충전할 수 있다. 움직임이 많고 행동 조절이 어려운 환자의 경우 시술의 절차를 줄일 수 있는 자가 산부식 접착제가 치면열구전색제의 사용을 보다 용이하게 할 수 있다. 그러나 법랑질에 대한 산부식 능력이 인산에 비해 낮아서 충분한 부식이 일어나는지에 대해 논란이 되고 있다. 이에 대해 자가 산부식 접착제의 약한 산부식능을 감안하여 열구성형술과 acidic primer의 도포 시간을 증가시키는 등의 임상 술식을 시행하고 자가 산부식 접착제의 단점이 보완되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 35% 인산으로 산부식 후 전색술을 시행한 경우와 자가 산부식 접착제를 사용하여 도포한 경우의 미세 누출도를 염색액의 침투도를 비교하고 주사전자현미경을 이용한 산부식상 관찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 열구 성형술을 시행 후 자가산부식접착제를 도포한 군은 인산 부식 20초를 시행한 군과 자가산부식접착제를 20초,40초 도포한 군보다 미세누출도가 더 낮았다. 2. 자가산부식접착제를 제조 회사의 지시에 따라 20초간 도포한 군과 40초로 늘려 도포한 군 간에 미세누출도의 유의 차가없었다. 3. 주사전자현미경 관찰 시 전형적인 산부식 양상은 인산부식 20초군에서만 관찰되었으며 열구성형술을 시행하고 자가산부식접착제를 도포한 군이 자가산부식접착제만 20,40초 도포한 군보다는 표면 거칠기가 증가하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fissurotomy and double application time of acidic primer of self-etching adhesive system of acid treatment on enamel surfaces for prevention of microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. The microleakage of pit and fissure sealants was evaluated by measuring the penetration depth of methylene blue solution. Specimens were divided by 4 groups according to the method of treatment. Group I: 35% phosphoric acid etching, 20 seconds. Group II: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds. Group III: Priming with self-etching primer, 40 seconds. Group IV: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds, after fissurotomy. The etched pattern produced on enamel was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Obtained data were analysed statistically using Kruscal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test for comparison ofgroups. The results are as follows: 1. Microleakage scores of group IV priming with self-etching primer 20 seconds after fissurotomy was the lowest. 2. Microleakage scores between group II and group III were not shown significant difference. 3. Enamel for 20 seconds etching with 35% phosphoric acid was observed the most effective etching pattern. And the etching pattern on the fissure enamel with self-etching adhesive 20 seconds after fissurotomy was more prominent than group II, III only using self-etching primer.

만성관절염과 루푸스의 피로, 통증, 및 통증효능감에 관한 연구

임난영,이은영,양용숙,정순애,차경옥,이여진 대한류마티스 건강전문학회 2000 근관절건강학회지 Vol.7 No.1

This study was designed to distinguish by the characteristic difference and the degree of symptoms such as fatigue, pain, coping to pain, and efficacy on pain, and to offer descriptive data for nursing intervention for improving coping ability to pain along each characteristics of disease in chronic arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. The subjects were 135 outpatients in the hospital for rheumatic disease in H-University, Seoul. The data were collected by structural questionnaire, from April 29 to June 29, 1999. The results were that the fatigue score was high in the OA patients while the RA patients and SLE patients experienced middle range of fatigue score, but which was not statistically different. Although the RA patients felt higher pain than other diseases, they have well coped with their pain than the others. In efficacy on pain the SLE patients had higher score than others but all of the disease showed lower score. No statistically significant difference among the three croup was recorded in efficacy on pain. Therefore, pain management in the RA patients was primary nursing intervention because they felt severe pain and have well coped with pain while they had lower pain efficacy score than the others. It is also important that fatigue management and coping strategies on pain for the OA patients and SLE patients are specially supportive in the nursing intervention.