지역아동센터 종사자의 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인

최난희 인문사회 21 2019 인문사회 21 Vol.10 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that affect the burnout of local child care center workers in order to contribute to the improvement of emotional labor and exhaustion problems of local child care center workers. For this purpose, data were collected for the center heads and life welfare workers of 147 local child care centers in Daejeon area. A total of 150 respondents were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics analysis, correlation analysis, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis. The results showed that (1) the burnouts of those surveyed were at a level of 2.37 (SD=0.44) out of 5 points, (2) the most significant factors affecting the burnout of local child care center workers were the factors of work environment such as role conflict and job autonomy, followed by the relationship out of the client factors, and the emotional incongruity out of emotional labor factors. Based on these findings, in order to improve the problem of emotional labor and burnout of social welfare workers, various social welfare practical alternatives such as workers’ own problem recognition and efforts to solve the problems and social measures to protect and support them were presented. 이 연구의 목적은 지역아동센터 종사자의 감정노동과 소진 문제 개선에 기여하기 위하여 지역아동센터 종사자 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 대전지역 지역아동센터 147개소의 센터장과 생활복지사를 대상으로 자료가 수집되었으며, 최종 150명의 응답 자료를 빈도분석, 기술통계분석, 상관관계분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석 방법으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 조사 대상자의 소진은 5점 만점에 2.37점(SD=0.44) 수준으로 확인되었다. 둘째, 지역아동센터 종사자의 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인은 업무환경 요인인 역할갈등과 직무 자율성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 클라이언트 요인인 관계성, 감정노동 요인인 감정적 부조화 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들을 바탕으로 사회복지 종사자의 감정노동과 소진 문제를 개선하기 위하여 종사자 자신의 문제인식과 문제해결 노력 및 이들을 보호하고 지원하기 위한 사회적 대책 등 다양한 사회복지 실천적 대안들을 제시하였다.

얘들아, 실컷 뛰어 놀거라

최난희 샘터사 1999 월간 샘터 Vol.30 No.3

선진시기 ‘非’의 이중부정 연구

崔蘭希(Choi, Ran-hee) 중국어문학연구회 2021 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.130

This research focuses on semantic and syntactic properties of pre-Qin double negators by categorizing negators that combine with the negator ‘非’ which emerged in the pre-Qin period. Scholastic views regarding such double negation vary in syntactical aspect, and they also vary regarding functions and meanings of the double negatory structure categories. Thus this research surveys semantic and syntactic aspects of pre-Qin double negations, on the basis of double negatory forms found in model pre-Qin literatures: Analects, Zuo zhuan, Mencius, Guoyu, Han Feizi. This research also surveys how the Ancient Chinese negator ‘非’ was differentiated and vested as Modern Chinese ‘不’ ‘沒’. 1. This research categorizes and analyzes double negation types of the pre-Qin period based upon the exemplified model literatures of the time. Every types of negators that combine with the negator ‘非’ are to be categorized and analyzed. The analyzed statistic will serve to examine functions and meanings of the pre-Qin negator ‘非’ in sentence structures. According to the that, the negators in Analects, Zuo zhuan, Mencius, Guoyu, Han Feizi are once again sorted as ‘幫母’ and ‘明母’ which are the pre-Qin categories of initials; negators that belong to the ‘幫母’ are vested as ‘p-negators’ and those belonging to the ‘明母’ as ‘m-negators’, and each categories are to be surveyed on the basis of sentence structure. 2. Negators that combine in front of the negator ‘非’ are only attested as ‘不, 非’ (p-negators) and ‘無, 莫, 未’ (m-negators). The form [Negator-1 +非] may seem as [+ double negation] but it is the negator ‘非’ that has [- negation] feature in the form [Negator-1 +非]. The forms [無+非] and [莫+非] are both double negatory sentences ([+double negation] forms) with meanings of [+strong affirmation]. Thus the ‘p-negator’ in front of the negator ‘非’ is [-double negation]. 3. The negators preceded by the negator ‘非’ are as follows: ‘不, 弗, 非’ as the p-negators, and the ‘無, 莫, 勿, 亡’ as the m-negators. The form [非+negator-2] makes accordance with structure and meaning of double negatory sentence, but the forms [非+X+negator-2] and [非+XY+negator-2] are shown diversely as [+double negation], [+conditional negation], [+prohibitory negation]. 4. The double negatory forms may be explained as meanings of ‘不是’, ‘沒有’ or ‘不要’ in Modern Chinese. The negator ‘非’ functions as [+ negatory verb]. It tells us that the negators that combine with ‘非’ are ‘不, 非, 無’. Such negator is very basic negator with unmarkedness. 5. The double negation forms found in the colloquial Modern Chinese are ‘非... 不可’, ‘非... 非’ and ‘不... 非’. There is no pattern ‘非... 不可’ found in pre-Qin literatures, but ‘非... 非’ is attested once each in Zuo Zhuan and Book of Han. Therefore the double negatory forms in Modern Chinese cannot be regarded as double negatory sentences, considering that they have already occured in pre-Qin period but have [-strong affirmation] feature semantically.

야콘 (Smallanthus sonchifolius) 추출물이 Dibutyltin Dichloride로 유발된 췌장염에 미치는 영향

최난희(Nan Hee Choi),최성훈(Seong Hun Choi),임성우(Seong-Woo Lim),박인식(In-Sick Park) 대한해부학회 2007 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.40 No.3

야콘은 민간 요법에서 고혈당에 대한 차로 이용되고 있으며, 최근 연구에서, 야콘잎은 항산화, 항균, 항진균 효과 및 세포 보호기능이 있음이 보고되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 야콘 추출물에 의한 췌장염의 효과를 확인해 보기 위하여 DBTC (8 mg/kg)로 유발된 췌장염에서 그 효과를 실험하였다. 췌장염 유발군은 DBTC 투여 21일째 염증관련 세포의 급증과 샘꽈리세포의 괴사가 심해지면서 주변의 결합조직이 매우 증가된 반면, 1% 야콘추출물을 음용한 처리군에서는 유발군에 비해 염증 진행이 매우 억제되어 있었다. HSP27, HSP70, MAC387에 대한 면역반응에서 정상군은 모두 양성반응이 거의 나타나지 않았으나, 유발군의 HSP27과 HSP70에 대한 면역반응에서는 췌장염 유발 14일째까지 샘꽈리세포와 도관세포에서 양성반응이 증가되었으며, 21일째 HSP27에 대한 면역반응은 샘꽈리세포에서는 오히려 감소되고 도관과 혈관에서는 강한 양성반응을 나타낸 반면, HSP70의 면역반응은 샘꽈리세포와 도관 및 혈관에서도 거의 나타나지 않거나 매우 약한반응을 보였다. MAC387에 대한 면역반응에서 유발군은 시간이 경과되면서 면역반응을 나타내는 세포가 증가하였다. 반면, 야콘 추출물을 음용한 군의 HSP27과 HSP70에 대한 면역반응은 DBTC투여 후 14일째까지 약한반응을 보이다가 21일째 강한 양성반응을 나타내는 세포가 다소 증가되었으며, MAC387에 대한 반응은 7일째보다 14일째 오히려 감소한 경향을 보였으며 21일째 다시 증가되었으나 유발군에 비해 매우 낮은 정도였다. 이러한 결과로, 1% 야콘 추출물은 췌장염에 대한 염증진행을 억제 및 완화시키는 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. Yacon is used in folk medicines as a medicinal tea for hypoglycemia. In a recent study described herein, anti-oxidative, -bacterial, -fungal activities and cell protective functions of leaf extract of Smallanthus sonchifolius have been reported. In this study, to evaluate the effect on pancreatitis by using yacon extract (YE), we examined the efficacy of YE on DBTC (8 mg/kg)-induced pancreatitis in rats. After the treatment of DBTC on day 21, highly increased inflammatory cells, necrosis of acinar cells and connective tissues were observed. However, the inflammation was strongly inhibited in YE as compared to control group (CON). As a result of immunoreactions against HSP27, HSP70 and MAC387, weak or no possibilities of normal group (NOR) were observed in pancreas, whereas in immunoreactions against HSP27 and HSP70, strong expression of CON was observed in acinar and duct cells on day 14. However, the expression of HSP27 was decreased in acinar cells for CON treatment on day 21 as compared to 14 days observation, whereas strong expression of HSP27 was observed in duct cells and blood vessels on day 21. As regards the immunoreactions against HSP70, weak or no possibilities of CON were observed in duct cells and blood vessels as well as in acinar cells on day 21. In CON, time-dependent increase of MAC387 was observed. However, the expressions of HSP27 and HSP70 were weakly observed in YE as compared to CON on day 14 with strong positive reaction in acinar cells on day 21. Immunoreactions against MAC387 were decreased in YE on day 14 than day 7, which increased on day 21 as compared to day 14. These results suggested that yacon extract has inhibitory and mitigatory effects against DBTC-induced pancreatitis.

The Effects of Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) Extract on Pancreatic Fibrosis in the Rat

Nan Hee Choi(최난희),Jong Bong Kim(김종봉),Jin Teak Kim(김진택),In-Sick Park(박인식) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.7

야콘(Smallanthus sonchifolius)은 저혈당에 민간요법으로 이용해 오고 있는 구근작물이다. 최근에는 야콘잎이 항산화, 항균, 항진균 활성과 세포보호 기능이 있다고 보고되고 있다. 본 실험에서는 이러한 생리활성을 지니는 야콘잎을 이용하여 흰쥐에 DBTC (8 mg/kg)를 주사하여 췌장염을 유발시킨 후 1% 야콘추출물이 췌장의 섬유화에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. 유발 21일째 처리군에서 췌장의 실질조직의 많은 부분이 collagen으로 재구성되어 있었으나 유발군에서는 처리군에 비해 현저히 감소되어 있었다. COX-2 발현에서, 대조군은 반응이 나타나지 않거나 매우 약한 반응이었으나, 유발군에서는 14일째 매우 증가되었으며, 특히 21일째는 침윤하고 있는 많은 염증세포에서 COX-2의 발현이 확인되었다. 처리군은 유발군에 비해 발현이 감소되었다. TGF-β1 발현은 21일째 염증세포에서는 유발군이 처리군에 비해 현저한 증가 현상이 나타났으나, 샘꽈리세포에서의 TGF-β1의 발현은 처리군에서 증가되었다. VEGF 발현은 TGF-β1의 발현과 거의 유사한 경향으로 나타났다. 그러므로 야콘추출물이 DBTC로 유도된 췌장염의 섬유화 진행을 억제하는데 매우 효과적임을 확인하였다. Yacon has been used in folk medicines as a medicinal tea for hypoglycemia treatment. In a recent study described herein, antioxidative, antibacterial, antifungal activities, and cell-protective functions of yacon leaves have been reported. To evaluate the effects on fibrosis on pancreatitis, the efficacy of 1% of yacon extract (YE) on dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) (8 mg/kg)-induced pancreatitis in rats was examined. On the 21st day after the DBTC treatment, a large increase in collagen was observed in the pancreas in the DBTC-treatment group (DT). But this was noticeably decreased with YE. In relation to the expression of COX-2, there was no response or a very weak response in the pancreas of the control group (CON). However, in DT, strong expression of COX-2 was observed in the pancreas on the 14th day, and COX-2 was present in inflammatory cells in the pancreas of the DT, especially on the 21st day. The expression was decreased for YE compared with DT. A remarkable increase in TGF-β1 expression was observed in inflammatory cells in the pancreas in DT on the 21st day, whereas the expression was not found in YE after 21 days. However, on the 21th day, TGF-β1 expression was increased in acinar cells of YE compared with DT. VEGF expression was very similar to the expression of in the pancreas. These results suggest that YE has an inhibitory effect on DBTC-induced pancreatic fibrosis.

Protective Effect of Areca catechu Leaf Ethanol Extract Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in ICR Mice

이강파,최난희,Wardani Sudjarwo,안상현,박인식,이상락,홍희옥 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.2

Gastric ulcer is a common digestive disorder that results in considerable suffering. Hence, this digestive pathology has been the focus of a number of recent studies. Although numerous drugs have been developed to treat gastric ulcers, therapeutic approaches for many of the complications associated with these drugs remain to be identified. For this reason, many natural compounds have been explored as alternatives for these drugs. In this study, we have investigated the effectiveness of Areca catechu leaf ethanol extract (ACE) for treating ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in mice. We performed histological as well as immunohistochemical examinations to explore the therapeutic properties of ACE. We also examined the levels of inflammatory signaling molecules to confirm the anti-inflammatory effects of ACE. The histochemical data demonstrate that ACE can protect the mucosal epithelium as well as the vascular supply in the gastric tract. Furthermore, ACE significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Taken together, these data suggest that ACE administration may have the potential as an alternative treatment for gastric ulcer because of its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects and ability to promote the rejuvenation and revascularization of the damaged gastric epithelium.

전해 알칼리수 및 코팅제 처리에 의한 메추리알의 저장효과 /

강선철,최난희 대구대학교 생명과학연구소, 2003 생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.2

광고에 대한 이야기에 관한 연구

김의성,최난희,이준 한국광고홍보학회 1999 광고연구 Vol.0 No.43

Lipopolysaccharide 로 유발된 생쥐 무릎관절낭 염증에 관한 형태학적 연구 : 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 변화를 중심으로 Based on the Morphological Changes of Synovial Membrane and Fibrous Membrane

김진택,안상현,최난희,정재만,박인식,강윤호,김호현,이해풍 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1999 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.2

본 연구는 관절염 유발시 일어나는 관절낭의 형태학적 변화를 조사하기위해 ljpopolysaccharide(LPS)주사로 인위적 관절낭 염증을 유발시킨 후 시간경과에 따른 윤활관절막과 섬유관절막의 형태 변화를 관찰하였다. BALB/C 암컷 생쥐 오른쪽 무릎관절낭에 LPS 300㎍/㎏를 주사한 후 3, 7 그리고 14일에 무릎관절을 얻었다. 무릎관절은 4주동안 EDTA용액에 탈회한 후 통상적 방법으로 paraffin에 포매하였다. 또한 윤활관절막의 미세구조변화는 embed812로 포매한 후 관찰하였다. LPS 주사후 관절연골 인접부위의 윤활관절막에서 시작된 세포과형성(hyperplasia)은 시간 경과후 전체 윤활관절막으로 확대되었다. 윤활관절막내의 미세구조의 변화로는 윤활포식세포(type 1)가 관절강내로의 많은 돌기(filopodia)를 내었고, 잘 발달된 과립형질내세망을 가지는 type 2 윤활분비세포의 숫적 증가가 보였다. 한편 LPS 주사후 섬유관절막에서 나타나는 형태학적 변화는 collagen fiber 생성에 의한 섬유화가 증가되며, 이러한 섬유화를 주도하는 섬유모세포의 이주증가파 관찰되었다. 또한 혈관 주위에서는 백혈구의 이주 증가가 나타났으며, 탈과립형(degranulated type) 비만세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 LPS 주사로 관절낭에서 염증이 유발되어 윤활관전막과 섬유관절막에서 형태학적 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 일련의 형태학적 변화는 발병초기 류마티스성 관절염에서 나타나는 병리학적 소건과 동일한 결과로서, 앞으로 진행될 치료제 개발과 유발기전에 관한 해석을 위한 in vivo 실험의 적절한 모델로 기여한 것으로 기대된다. Synovial joint of BALB/C mice were injeced with Lipopolysaccharide(LPS) were observed to investigate the morphological changes of synovial capsule caused by rheumatoid arthritis(RA). The RA on female Balb/c mice were induced by LPS injection, as dose of 300㎍/㎏, into synovial cavity of knee joint. And then these specimen were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and were decalcificated in EDTA solution for 4 weeks. The hyperplasia of synovium were appeared in synovial membrane. The filopodia of phagocytic like synoviocyte(type Ⅰ synoviocyte) projected into synovial cavity and the number of fibroblast like synoviocyte(type Ⅱ synoviocyte) with well-developed endoplasmic reticulum were increased in synovium. In fibrous membrane, the fibrosis induced by synthesis of collagen fiber were enlarged to all fibrous membrane, and the number of fibroblast were increased. A great number of inflammation component cell as Iymphocyte and neutrophil leukocyte were infiltrated around capillary and the degranulate typed mast cell were increased. As results indicated that the hyperplasia of synovium induced by LPS, subsequently to cause the fibrosis, infiltration of imflammation component cell, and increase of degranulated type mast call as same as symptoms of RA.

Triton WR-1339 주사에 의한 고지혈증 유발 생쥐 신장에 미치는 참홑파래 추출물의 지방축적 억제 영향

박인식,안상현,최난희,김진택 동국대학교 한의학연구소 1998 東國韓醫學硏究所論文集 Vol.6 No.2

본 실험은 참흩파래 추출물의 항고지혈증 효과의 조사를 위해 시행된 것으로 ICR 생쥐에 Triton WR-1339(TX) 복강주사로 고지혈증을 유발시킨 후 참흩파래 추출물(30mg/kg)를 복강주사하여 시간의 경과에 따른 신장조직의 일반적인 형태변화와 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방입자 축적양상 변화를 관찰하였다. TX 주사 후 신장조직에서 나타나는 일반적인 형태변화는 콩팥소체의 혈관극과 요세관극 모두에서 단층편평상피인 보우만주머니의 외벽이 비후되어 단층입방상피의 형태로 바뀌었으며 요세관 공간도 확장되었다. 지방입자는 사구체 전지역, 근위곱슬세관, 원위곱슬세관 그리고 헨레고리에서 침착이 증가된 것으로 나타났으며, 지방입자의 크기도 증가하였다. 또한 콜레스테롤 입자도 전 지역에서 월등하게 증가한 분포양상을 보였다. 그러나 TX 주사 후 참흩파래 추출물 처리군에서는 보우만주머니 외벽세포의 비후와 요세관공간의 확장을 일부 콩팥소체에서만 관찰할 수 있었으며, 대부분은 정상적인 신장형태를 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 지방입자는 TX 주사군에 비해 그 분포와 크기가 감소한 것 나타났으며, 또한 콜레스테롤입자도 일부 지역에서 나타나 그 분포가 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 참흩파래 추출물은 TX 주사로 고지혈증이 유발된 생쥐에 대해 콜레스테롤을 비롯한 지방축적을 억제하는 항고지혈증 효과를 하는 것으로 사료된다. Renal tissues of ICR mouse were intraperitoneally injeced with Monostroma nitidum extract(ME) after Triton WR-1339(TX) injection were observed to investigate the lipid accumulation suppressive effect of ME. The renal tissues were obtained at hour 24, 48, and 72 after TX injection that were fixed in fromol-calcium solution and were cryocut. The tissue stained by H&E for general morphology, sudan black B for lipid and perchloric acid-naphthoquinone method for cholesterol. The parietal layer of Bowman's capsule is swelled as cuboidal type at hour 48 after TX injection and the lipid blot and cholesterol particle were noticeably increased in glomerulus than control of group and these appeared in convoluted tubule, collecting tubule, and Helen's loop. But the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule was shaped as squamous type that was looked like as normal morphology in ME treated group after TX injection and the lipld blot and cholestero1 particle were considerably decreased in glomerulus than TX group. As results indicated that the accumulation of lipid including cholesterol caused by TX injection were mitigated in renal tissues by the antihyperlipidermic effect of ME.