서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1998)

김재홍,김준호,반재용,이정우,황성주,정준규,정성태,강진문,조흔정,홍창의,정혜신,이한승,김이선,이봉길,이종호,선영우,한기덕,윤성필,이성훈,안종성,박석범,문승현,조항래,김형섭,류지호,황재영,박준홍,손상욱 한양대학교 의과대학 2001 한양의대 학술지 Vol.21 No.1

In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae(PPNG), we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by menas of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. In 1998, 93 strians of N. genorrhoeae were isolated, among which 60(64.5%) were PPNG. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 64.5% in 1998.

3전극형 정전하 중화장치 기초연구

鄭石煥,韓昌陰,李大熙,文在德 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

Methods and systems to remove static electricity are requested necessarily because the static electricity causes a flammable gas explosion, a fire, reduction of production rate in manufacturing semiconductor device and so on. This paper deals with the new structure of electrode to protect dusts attached to the needle electrode previously for controlling the quantities of generated ions and solving the problem of dust attaching to needle electrode. And the discharge system with third electrode was proposed to control the hight and electric field in end of needle electrode. It was possible to control the quantities of generated ion by controlling electric field in needle electrode. This showed the possibilities to solve the nonequilibrium of generated ions when using the ac power source.

土壤抗酸菌의 生體內 藥濟耐性 獲得에 對하여

鄭在奎,李相準,文榮石 慶北大學校 1964 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

In order to observe the appearance of drug resistant strains in vivo, soil acid fast bacilli (s-12) which exhibited and appearance in high frequency of drug resistant strains in vitro experiments, were inoculated into the mice, and three days after inoculation these mice were followed by treatment with streptomycin and isonicotinic amide hydrazid for 2 to 3 weeks according to the groups. After the cessation of treatment, mice of the each group were sacrificed and the drugs treated, on both two and three weeks treated groups, with a single exception of high druges treated, on both and three weeks treated groups, with a single exception of high resistant variant from on the liver lesion of the 3 weeks treated isonicotnic amid hydrazid group.

農村住民의 農藥使用에 대한 知識, 態度 및 農藥中毒에 관한 硏究

文宰奎,정주현,鄭耀翰 朝鮮大學校 醫學硏究所 1982 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.7 No.-

This survey has tried to investigate the respondents' characteristics, knowledge, attitude and poisoning in using pesticides in 7 Meyon districts of Cheollanambuk Do province, where 837 inhabitants were selected, during 4 months from July, 1981 to October, 1981, making use of questionaires. The results obtained from this study are as followings, 1. In purchasing pesticides, 49% of the respondents obtained it from an agricultural co-operative, and 34.3% of them from an agricultural co-operative and pesticide shops. 98% of them transported the pesticides separately. 2. 50.9% of the respondents kept the pesticides in a barn or a corner of the yard and 26.8% of them in a storehouse. 3. In spraying the pesticides, 56.5% of the respondents made plans for the spraying before hand and 8.6% of them were prepared for pesticide-poisoning before the spraying. 4. Before using the pesticide, 68.1% of the respondents always read an explanatory note and 83.3% of them examined the spraying equiment. 5. In the use of protection equipment against pesticide-poisoning, gloves were used by 19.5% of the repondents, masks by 81.6% goggles by 2.0%, boots by 11.1% and hats by 87.6%. 6. Spraying time for pesticide was 3-4 hour in 46.7% of the respondents, and averagely 4.1 hours. 47.8 of the respondents rested for 1-9 minutes during spraying the pesticides and 40.1% of them for 10-19 minute. 7. 42.9% of the respondents did not smoke during spraying the pesticides and 58.3% of them did not take a meal. 8. 72.8% of the respondents sprayed the pesticides against the direction of the wind and 26.0% of them sprayed regardles of the wind direction. 9. After spraying the pesticides, 67.7% of the respondents took a bath and 58.9% of them washed their equipment. 10. Pesticide bottles and package papers were buried under the ground by 38.1% by the respondents, dumped into the garbage by 32.5% of them and into fields by 13.4% of them, And 10.8% of the respondents returned them to the agricultural co-operative after collecting the bottles and package papers. 11. The remnants of the pesticides after spraying were kept safely for reuse by 52.8% of the respondents and dumped into a field by 23.3% of them. 12. 24.9% of the respondents used the pesticides only for agriculture, purposes and but 62.8% of them utilized them in disinfection of toilets and domestic sewage besides for the agricultral use. 13. Through abuse of pesticides, injury to man and beast, occured in 87.2% of the cases and 12.8% of them were indifferent to pesticides abuse. 48.1% of respondents recognized the destruction of the ecology but 48.9% of them did take no interest in the fact. 14. Knowledge for the pesticide-poisoning was acquired from their neighbours by 33.0% of the repondents, radio by 20.3% of them, leaders of the new village movement and the head of a village by 17.7%, a health center by 6.7% and newspaper and jounals by 4.9%. 15. 37.9% of the respondents had experience in pesticide-poisoning; The poisoning symptoms were, vertigo (35.3%), mausea (21.8%), headache (19.6%), dyspnea (8.2%), myatonia (5.0%), lacrimation (3.2%), and salivation (2.2%). 16. Frequency of experience of pesticide-poisoning was: the first time (51%), and 2nd time (21.5%), and 3rd time (14.2). After poisoning, 46.1% of the respondents took the rest, 41.2% of them went to a hospital and pharmacy, and 39.1% of them did not take any measures. 17. People engaged in agriculture for a long time had high frequencies of experience of pesticide-poisoning(P<0.05). 18. In cases in which emergency measures were prepared for pesticide-poisoning before using agricultural pesticides, rates of poisoning were significantly desreased(P<0.05).

Hamlet의 Opening Scene

鄭在文 圓光大學校大學院 1988 論文集 Vol.2 No.-

In the Exposition, the dramatist must give the audience all the information that is necessary for his purpose : introdicing the characters, showing their position in life, their circumstances, their relations to one another etc. But he must tell the necessary information by means which is interesting, because the direct telling is unpleasant and undramatic. The opening scene of Hamlet, as the first part of teh Exposition, does its business very efficiently and interestingly. The first line of the play ("Who's there?") not only makes the noisy audience pay attention to the stage, but also implies the general inversion of the customary order of things. For the challenge was not asked by the sentinel on duty but by the relieving sentinel. Francisco's "Tis bitter cold, And I am sick at heart" comes naturally form the lips of a sentinel after a lonely watch, but it also supplies the tragic pitch. For Hamlet and Denmark will appear sick at heart soon. Barnardo, unwilling to stand this particular watch alone any longer than necessary, hopes that the partners of his watch will make haste. So even before Horatio enters to ask if "this thing" has again appeared, the audience are aware that the soldiers, in the cold and darkness of the night, are watching the hidden danger-something fearful and portending evil-which may threaten the present Danish Regime. Meanwhile, the audience are smoothly informed of the place (the platform of the battlement castle), the time (midnight), the season (bitter cold season) of this scene from the dialogues of the two sentinels. Horatio, who will not believe in the Ghost, agrees to hear the tale of the Ghost which appeared last night. At this point, when ominousness is at its fullest expression, the Ghost enters. The Ghost looks like the King Hamlet 'with that fair and warlike form.' Thus begins the process of inquiry which, in one form or another, runs throughout the play, and which may generally be described as an attempt to distinguish appearance from reality : Evil is immediately associated with this spirit, but there is countering suggestion (For it wears fair and warlike form). The imagery used by Horatio in his questioning is significant, since it introduces the theme of usurpation. The belief that the visitation of the ghost bodes some strange eruption to their state leads to accounts by Marcellus of the present situation of the state, and by Horatio of the threatened invasion by Fortinbras, As Horatio is speaking of harbingers of disaster, the Ghost enters again. Three motives commonly associated with haunting sperits are mentioned by Horatio, and one of these is that the dead may return because of earthly business left incomplete. The Ghost is majestical. But as soon as the cock crows it starts like a guilty thing upon a fearful summons. 'This bird of dawning' associated with Christian salvation makes as powerful as possible the contrast of day and night, normality and abnormality, good and evil. And the scene ends with an agreement to tell Hamlet, to whom the Ghost may speak. In conclusion, the opening scene of Hamlet smoothly introduces the main theme and the necessary information to the audience, and that makes it one of masterpieces of Shakespeare's opening scenes.

1차 의료기관에서 코감기에 처방한 향균제

정형준,이훈재,김은실,이진수,정문현 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.3

Background : Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are common benign illnesses that are associated with significant economic burden, adverse effects of medications, and antimicrobial resistance. These effects have been evaluated chiefly at the tertiary health care centers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prescribing habits, including antibiotic use, for the management of URIs among the primary care physicians. Methods : Between July and August 2006, 23 medical students visited 122 clinics of primary care physicians for the management of simulated common cold. They were instructed to present symptoms that simulated common cold; clear rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness that lasted for 3 days, and neither was accompanied with fever nor myalgia. Results : The physicians' specialties were as follows: 43 were general internists; 40, otolaryngologists; 23, general practitioners; 15, family practitioners; and 1, pediatrician. The mean number of prescribed oral medications was 4.71 (S.D.±0.951). Glucocorticoids were prescribed in 10 (8.2%) clinics. Antibiotics were prescribed in 50 (41.0%) clinics - cephalosporins in 17, amoxicillin-clavulanate in 16, amoxicillin in 8, fluoroquinolones in 5, macrolides in 3, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in 1 clinic. There was no difference in the rates of antibiotic prescription among the specialties. Injections were recommended in 32 (26.4%) clinics. With the exception of chest X-ray recommended in 1 clinic, no laboratory or radiologic evaluation was performed. Conclusion : The antibiotic prescription rate observed in this study is lower than those of the previous studies. Since diagnostic tests are seldom performed, diagnostic ambiguity might be a key cause for the overuse of antibiotics in the management of URI. The reasons for the high rates of prescription of parenteral medications need to be evaluated. 목적 : 상기도 감염은 매우 흔한 질환으로 개개인으로 보면 중요하지 않은 병이나 국가 전체로 보면 비용, 부작용, 항균제 내성에 미치는 영향이 더 문제가 되는 병이다. 이런 영향에 대한 연구가 주로 3차 병원에서만 되므로, 3차 병원에 도착하기 전까지 받은 치료 내역이 연구 결과에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있지만, 국내에서는 의약분업 후로는 의원에서 감기 처방에 대한 조사가 없어 현재 진료 상황을 알 수가 없다. 이에 의약분업 이후, 1차 의료에 종사하는 의원들을 대상으로 코감기에 관련된 진단의 다양성, 주사제의 사용, 항균제 사용에 대해 조사를 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2006년 7월과 8월에 걸쳐 서울, 경기, 인천에 개업하고 있는 일반의, 내과의, 이비인후과의, 가정의를 대상으로 122개 의원을 조사 하였다. 23명의 의과대학생들이 코감기 환자로 모의를 하여 개원의들의 진찰을 받은 후, 진단과 처방을 분석하였다. 코감기 증상은, 3일간 지속한 콧물과 코막힘을 주소로 했고, 발열과 오한은 없었으며, 목아픔과 기침은 약간 있는 정도로 하였다. 결과 : 조사한 의원에서 코감기에 사용한 경구 약제 수는 평균 4.71 (SD±0.951), 과별 차이는 없었다(P=0.99 by chi-square test). 부신피질호르몬은 10개(8.2%) 의원에서 처방하였다. 항균제는 50개(41.0%) 의원에서 처방하였으며, 세팔로스포린 17건, Augmentin 16건, amoxicillin (7) 또는 bacampicillin (1) 8건, 퀴놀론 5건, macrolide 3건, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 1건이 었다. 과별로는 내과 34.9%, 이비인후과 52.5%, 가정의학과 33.3%, 일반외과 39.1%, 소아과 0%였고 통계적 의미는 없었다(P=0.41 by chi-square test). 주사를 권한 경우는 32 (26.4%)예였다. X-선 검사를 권유받은 1건 외에는 검사를 권유받지 않았다. 결론 : 이전 보고보다는 감기에서 항균제 사용률은 낮았으며, 진단을 하기 위한 검사가 적어 진단의 불분명을 극복하기 위한 것도 항균제 남용의 한 원인으로 생각된다. 주사제 처방률도 높은 듯하며 이는 빨리 증상이 호전되지 않을 때 병원을 바꾸는 환자들의 행위에 대한 반응일 가능성이 있으며, 항균제 사용 역시 빠른 증상 호전을 위한 것이어서, 환자의 행동 양상에 대한 조사가 필요하다.

都市 및 農村의 腸內 寄生蟲 感染에 關한 比較硏究 : 光州市 및 羅州郡 鳳凰面 地域을 中心으로

文宰奎,金宗中,文正錫,鄭駐炫 조선대학교 1981 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.6 No.-

From the 1st of March to the 30th of April, 1979, this study on intestinal helminthic infections was carried ont on thc inhabitants, in Gwang-ju City and thc Bong-hwang Myun, Na-ju Gun area. The methods employed were Kato's cellophane thick smear technique in 603 cases (Gwang-ju City : 310, Bong-hwang Myun : 293) for the prevalence rate of various intestinal helminths ; the Scotch tape anal swab techniquu in 459 cases (Gwang-ju City : 223, Bong-hwang Myun : 236) for the prevalence rate of Enterobius vermicularis and Stoll's dilution egg-counting technique in all positive cases for the evaluation of the worm burden of some helminths. The results are as follows : 1. The positive rate of intestinal helminths of any kin was 80.1%(male: 75.0%, female : 85.1%) in Gwang-ju City ahd 92.6% (male : 90.6%, female : 94.5%) in the Bong-hwang Myun area by the cellophane thick smear technique. 2. The prevalence rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was 48.7% (male : 43.4:%, female : 52.9%, in Gwanag-ju City and 52.6%(rnale : 63.3%, female : 42.9%)in the Bong-hwang Myun area. 3. The prevalenec rate of Trichuris trichiura was 66.5%(male : 58.8%, female : 74.1%) in Gwang-ju City and 72.6%(male : 69.8%, female : 75.3%)in the Bong-hwang Myun. The highest prevalence rateamong helminths was in this area. 4. The prevalence rate of hookworm was 5.0%(male : 3.7%, female : 6.3%) in Gwang-ju City and 9.6%(male : 7.2%, female : 11.7%) in the Bong-hwang Myun area. 5. The prevalcncc raLe of Trichostrongylus orientalis was 4.8%(male : 4.4%., female : 5.2%) in Gwang-ju City and 6.2%(male : 7.2%, female : 5.2%) in the Bong-hwang Myun area. 6. The prevalence tate of Clonorchis sinensis was 1.4% (male : 2.2%, female : 0.6%.) in Gwang-ju City and 2.4%(male : 4.3%, female : 0.4%) in the Bong-hwang Myun area. It is higher in males than in femaless in the surveyed areas. 7. Taenia spp. was not foun in Gwang-.ju City and only 2 cases were found in the Bong-hwang Myun area. 8. The prevalence rate of Enterobious vermicularis was 29.1 %(male : 29.3%, female : 28.9%) in Gwang jn City and 31.3% (male : 29.5%, female : 33.1%) in the Bong-hwang Myun area by the Scotch tape anal technique. 9. The mean E.P.G. in Gwang-ju City be Stoll's dilution egg-counting technique was Ascaris lumbricoidis : 6,465 ; Trichuris trichiura : 600 : Hookworm : 392 ; Trichostrongylus orientalis : 256; and Clonorchis sinesis : 741. 10. The mean E.P.G. in the Bonag-hwang Myun area by the Stoll's dilution egg-counting technique wa s Ascaris lumbricoides : 7,231; Trichuris trichiura : 820 ; Hookworm : 592 ; Trichostrongylus orientalis : 341; and Clonorchis sinensis : 10,851.

제 삼대구치 발치의 병발증 : Deep Neck Infection, Mediastinitis, Plueral Effuison and Pericardial Effusion 심경부감염, 종격동염, 농흉, 흉막 삼출, 심낭 삼출

문재필,정창우,김은석 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.2

Severe complications like as mediastinitis, pericardial effusion from odontogenic infection are very rare in antibiotic era, but its mortality is very high when it occured. The sign and symptoms may be obscure sometimes, it is difficult to diagnose and treat the deep neck infection and other sequela exactly. The treatments of the complex odontogenic infection ares aggressive surgical drainage with placement of proper drain and administration of high dose of antibiotics as early as possible The authors report a case of complications induced from a third molar extraction.

다발성 골수종으로 이행한 단일형질세포종 1예

정재용,모성환,기장도,문철호,김창욱,전용준,박유환,정춘해,오윤경 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

King Lear에 나타나 있는 기독교적 이미저리(Imagery)

정재문 群山大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.23 No.-

The setting of King Lear is an amalgam in which borrowings from several different eras and civilizations are fused for particular dramatic purposes, and the two most important epochs are the Middle Ages and Shakespeare’s own time. Shakespeare incorporates the forms, conventions, attitudes and ideas of medieval times. And Lear, Cordelia, Gloucester, Edgar, Kent and Albany reverence the medieval hierarchy. Shakespeare also introduces Renaissance political philosophy or Machiavellism practiced by Edmund, Goneril, Regan, Cornwall and Oswald. So there come conflicts between good and evil characters, conflicts between medieval idealism and Renaissance pragmatism. The conflicts are of the most basic kind, centering on the two most fundamental units of society, the family and state. Moreover the conflicts are disruptive and tend to annihilate the institutions themselves. And so, from the first scene onward, the action strives relentlessly to peel away layer upon layer of all, and to arrive at the bedrock of absolute reality - the true identity of man, the real nature of society, the cause of evil. It is by these surrealist backgrounds and conflations that Shakespeare dilates his family story into a parable of society of all times and places. The characters, as a group, are significantly representative, bringing before us both extremes of a social and political spectrum(monarch and beggar), a psychic spectrum(wise man and fool), a moral spectrum(beastly behavior and angelic) and an emotional spectrum (joy and despair). In such a symbolical and allegorical situation Shakespeare goes back to a pre-Christian world and builds up from the nature of man himself the Christian morality that in a world of lust, cruelty and greed man needs not wealth, nor power but rather patience, stoical fortitude, love, mutual forgiveness, the exchange of charity and those sacrifices on which the gods throw incense. So King Lear is a Chirstian play about a pagan world. Shakespeare traces the progress of a foolish man(Lear) towards the attainment of wisdom - the wisdom of Christianity. There are many Christian ideas, traditions, attitudes, and practices implied in the text. There also are many Morality play elements(conflicts between Virtue and Vice, Appetite, Pride, Corrupt, Sensuality, Redress, Ars Moriendi...) and Cycle play elements (Fall of man, Cain and Abel, Noah and the Flood, Prodigal Son, Christ’s Passion, Sacrifice, Pieta, Resurrection, Doomsday). In King Lear Shakespeare uses them to show the audience the Christian vision.