Facile Synthesis and Radioiodine Labeling of Hypericin

Kim, Sang-Wook,Park, Jeong-Hoon,Yang, Seung-Dae,Hur, Min-Goo,Kim, Yu-Seok,Chai, Jong-Seo,Kim, Young-Soon,Yu, Kook-Hyun Korean Chemical Society 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.8

Hypericin (1,3,4,6,8,13-hexahydroxy-10,11-dimethylphenanthro[1,10,9,8-opqra]perylene-7,14-dione), an antidepressant which is also known to be a potent protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor was synthesized as a precursor for radioiodine labeling via two step reactions. Malignant glioma cells express higher PKC activity compared to untransformed glial cell. Here we report the synthesis and radioiodine labeling of hypericin as a potential brain tumor imaging radiopharmaceutical. The reference compound, 2-iodohypericin, and its radiolabelled analogues, 2-[$^{123}I$]iodohypericin and 2-[$^{124}I$]iodohypericin have been prepared by the reaction of hypericin with NaI or [$^{123}I$]NaI or [$^{124}I$]NaI. The labeling yield was 60-65% for each analogue and the optimal reaction time was 10 min. The purification and isolation of the labelled products were achieved by a reversed-phase HPLC.

Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes : Comparison of Dual Probe Bipolar Mode with Monopolar and Single Probe Bipolar Modes

Lee, Jeong Min,Han, Joon Koo,Kim,Se Hyung,Lee, Jae Young,Kim, Dae Jin,Lee, Min Woo,Cho, Gyung goo,Han, Chang Jin,Choi, Byung Ihn Korean Radiological Society 2004 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.5 No.2

유화처리 바이오디젤이 도포된 콘크리트의 침투깊이 판정

백철 ( Baek Cheol ),김태우 ( Kim Tae-woo ),이재진 ( Lee Jae-jin ),이동윤 ( Lee Dong-yun ),한민철 ( Han Min-cheol ),한천구 ( Han Cheon-goo ) 한국건축시공학회 2017 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.17 No.2

This study is to provide a evaluation method for the penetration depth of emulsified refined bio diesel(ERBD)applied to a surface of the concrete by using water absorption capability of the concrete. The concrete applied with ERBD was immersed at water for 1 min., 5min., and 10 min. and then was checked the brightness with elapse of time. Test results indicated that there was clear difference between ERBD part and non ERBD part in concrete specimen after measuring the brightness until 120min.

C -11 및 F - 18 표지 콜린의 합성과 체내동태에 관한 연구

전권수,유국현,김상욱,임상무,홍성운,서용섭,양승대,안순혁,허민구 대한핵의학회 2001 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.35 No.3

Objectives: Recently, [methyl-(11)^C]-(β-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium ([(11)^C]choline) has been discovered to be a very effective tracer in imaging various human tumors using positron emission tomography. Because of the short half-life of C-11, it is very difficult to use in a routine imaging procedure and needs a frequent synthesis of [(11)^]choline. This can be supplemented by the substitution of [(11)^Ccholine with [methyS-18]fluorocholine. Here, we would like to report cell uptake and biodistribution of [(11)^Ccholine and [(18)^F]fluorocholine as a basic study. Methods [(11)^C]Choline was prepared by the treatment of [(11)^C]CHzI with N,N-dimethylaminoethanol and [18F]fluorocholine was synthesized from reaction of CHzBr[18F]F with N,N-dimethylaminoethanol. The radiochemical purity was checked by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biodistribution of [(11)^C]choline and [(18)^F]fluorocholine was determined in balb/c mouse at 5 min, 20 min, 40 min and 80 min. The cell uptake wa measured using glioma (9L) and colon adeocarcinoma (SW620). Results: The radiochemical purity was more than 98% after purification. In the liver, uptake did not change over time the uptake was 20/ID/g for [C]choline and 13%ID/g for [(18)^F]fluorocholine. In the kidney, radioactivity decreased over tirne the uptake was 15%1D/g for [(11)^Ccholine and 20%ID/g for [(18)^F]fluorocholine, 80 min post-injection. The cell uptake of [(11)^Ccholine was 4.93% for glioma (9L) and 18.69F for colon adenocarcinoma (SW620). For [(18)^F]fluorocholine, 1.77% for glioma (9L) and 2.77% for colon adenocarcinoma (SW620). Conclusion: [(11)^CCholine and [(18)^F]fluorocholine showed a different cell uptake tendency, depending on cancer cell line. (Korean J Nucl Med 200135:185-191)

DEMS(Diethoxymethylsilane) precursor를 이용한 PECVD 저유전물질 박막증착연구

강민구,김대희,김영철,서화일,Kang, Min-Goo,Kim, Dae-Hee,Kim, Yeong-Cheol,Seo, Hwa-Il 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2008 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.7 No.4

We studied deposition of low-k SiOCH dielectric film by PECVD. DEMS(diethoxymethlysilane) precursor, which has two ethoxy groups along with one methyl group attached to the silicon atoms, was used as precursor. The SiOCH film was deposited as a function of oxygen flow rates ranging from 0 to 100sccm. The deposition rate($\AA$/min) of SiOCH film was increased due to the increase of oxygen radical as a function of $O_2$ flow rates. The dielectric constant was decreased from 3.0 to 2.77, as the film was annealed at $450^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. So, it could account that the dielectric constant changes sensitively with $O_2$ flow rates. Also, the leakage current of the annealed film exhibited stable curve than that of asdeposited. These results were caused by the increase of Si-O-Si group and decrease of Si-CH group and OH group within the film by annealing.

논토양중 카드뮴 유효도와 수도의 흡수이행에 미치는 석회 및 Humic acid 사용효과

김민경,김원일,정구복,박광래,윤순강,엄기철 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1

토양중 중금속이 식물에 흡수 및 이행되는 것을 경감시켜 여기에서 생산된 농산물의 안전성 향상을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고 논토양의 카드뮴 유효도와 흡수이행에 미치는 석회와 humic acid 처리 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실내경험과 포트실험을 수행하였다. 실내실험에서 공시토양에 2.5와 5.0 ton/ha의 석회와 1%와 2% humic acid를 처리한 후 토양중 가용성 카드뮴 함량 변화를 조사한 결과, 두 처리 모두 14일까지는 담수상태에서 처리효과로 인하여 가용성 카드뮴 함량이 감소하다가 그 이후에는 토양의 완충능에 의해 다시 증가하는 경향이었다. 이때, 토양의 가용성 카드뮴 함량은 토양 pH 및 양이온치환용량과 부의 상관이 있었다. 2.5 ton/ha의 석회와 1% 의 humic acid를 처리한 후 담수시켜 안정화된 다음 벼를 재배하여 조사한 결과, 석회와 humic acid 처리에 비해 분얼기와 수확기의 치화태 및 수용태 카드뮴 함량이 낮아졌으나, 분얼기에 비해 수확기에 토양중 이동이 어려운 산화물 및 탄산염태와 황화물 및 잔류태의 함량이 증가하였다. 식물에 흡수가 용이한 형태로 알려진 치환태와 수용태는 모두 토양 pH와 고도의 부의 상관이 있었다. 수확기의 줄기, 잎 및 현미 건물중은 석회 및 humic acide 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 모두 높았고, 특히 석회 처리구의 건물중이 현저하게 높았다. 석회 처리구에서 줄기와 잎의 카드뮴 함량은 각각 1.01과 0.37㎎/㎏으로 대조구와 비슷하였으나, 뿌리나 현미의 카드뮴 ?량은 각각 2.11과 0.09㎎/㎏으로 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 지상부와 뿌리의 카드뮴 함량은 humic acid 처리에 의해 현저히 낮아졌으며, 특히 현미로의 카드뮴 이행도 월등히 낮게 나타난다. This study was conducted to know the effect of lime and humic acid on cadmium availability and its uptake by plant grown in contaminated paddy soils with heavy metal. The treatment levels of lime were 2.5 and 5.0 ton/ha and that of humic acid were 1 and 2%. The contents of 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd were reduced with lime and humic acid and were negatively correlated with CEC as well as soil pH. The sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the heavy metals in soil into the designated from exchangeable (0.5 M KNO₃), water soluble (H₂O), organically bound (0.5 M NaOH), carbonate (0.05 M Na₂-EDTA) and sulfide/residual (4 M HNO₃). In soil amended with 2.5 ton/ha lime and 1% humic acid, chemical forms of Cd at tillering stage were predominant exchangeable+water soluble extractable Cd, whereas that at harvesting stage were predominant carbonate+sulfide/residual extractable Cd. The exchangeable forms of Cd in soil with lime and humic acid were negatively correlated with soil pH during the harvesting period. Total absorbed Cd of paddy rice tended to occur in the order of root > stem > leaf > brown rice. Cd con- tents of brown rice with lime and humic acid treatment were 0.09 and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. That were lower than control, 0.20 ㎎/㎏. It could be that treatment of lime and humic acid in polluted soil by heavy metals would reduce the uptake of heavy metals by plants and be a temporary method of reclamation at the highly heavy metal contaminated soils.

구미지역 직업성질환 감시체계

김성아,김진석,전혜리,정상재,김상우,이채용,함정오,유재영,최태성,하봉구,조민환,우극현 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적: 구미지역 내 대학병원이자 특수건강진단·보건관리대행기관의 산업의학전문의, 보건관리대행 간호사, 사업장 간호사를 중심으로 직업성질환감시체계를 구축하여 주요 직업성질환들의 발생현황과 규모를 파악하고자 하였다. 또한 연차적으로 산업, 직업, 업무내용 등에 따른 분포나 원인을 기존 자료원(특수건강진단의 직업병 유소견자와 산재요양승인 되는 직업병자)과 비교하여 분석·기술하고 예방 및 관리를 포함한 보건의료기술개발까지을 포함하는 종합적인 감시체계를 구축하고 운용하고자 하였다. 방법: 구미지역의 산업적 특성에 맞는 직업성질환감시체계를 구축하고 지역 감시체계의 모델을 제시하였다. 6대 감시대상 직업성질환(독성 간염, 직업성천식, 직업성 근골격계질환, 직업성 피부질환, 직업성 암, 수지진동증후군)의 실행적 환례정의, 보고양식 및 보고체계 개발, 분석양식 및 결과 배포 형식을 개발하였으며, 그 유병규모를 파악하고, 감시질환의 분포 및 특성, 관련인자 등을 분석·기술하고자 하였다. 이때, 1년간의 환례분석시 직업병 유소견자 및 직업병 요양자에 대한 자료와 함께 비교 분석하였으며, 노동통계자료를 이용하여 년간 발생률을 추정하였다. 결과: 2001. 1. 1일부터 2002.4.30일까지 총 287건이 보고되었으며, 직업성 근골격계질환 132건(46.0%), 직업성 피부질환 100건(34.8%), 독성간염 34건 (11.8%), 직업성천식 16건 (5.6%), 수지진동증후군 5건 (1.7%) 이었으며 직업성 암은 한건도 보고되지 않았다. 보고경로별로는 보건관리대행에서 33건 (11.5%), 해당 유해인자별로 실시되는 특수검진 외의 각종 건강진단업무 수행 중 발견된 환례에 대한 보고가 206건(71.7%)이었다. 직종별 분류의 결과는 섬유업종사자, 단순노무종사자, 음식업종사자 등이 다수를 차지하였다. 근골격계질환의 경우, 수근관증후군이 42건(33%), 외상과염/내상과염이 39건(30%)로 가장 많았다. 직업성 피부질환은 97건이 접촉성 피부염으로 유기용제류가 59건(59%)으로 가장 많고, 니켈 및 에폭시수지에 의한 알레르기성 접촉성 피부염이 각각 6건과 5건이었다. 독성 간염은 모두 DMF 나 DMAc에 의한 것으로, 근무시작 후부터 간기능이상이 발견되기까지의 근무기간은 대부분이 3개월 이하이며, 1개월 이하인 경우도 10건이나 되었다. 동 기간 중 감시환례에 대해 산재요양 자료와 중복여부를 확인한 결과, 중복되는 것은 하나도 없었다. 특수건강진단에서 직업병유소견자로 판정된 경우는 독성간염에서 3건이 있었으며, 나머지 질환은 중복되는 것은 없었다. 2001도 구미지역의 근로자수와 보고환례건수를 이용하여 연간 발생률을 추정하였다. 근로자 10만 명당 연간 발생률은 상지 근골격계질환은 63.6명, 피부질환 48.2명, 독성 간염 17.9명, 천식 7.7명, 수진진동증후군 2.4명이었다. 참여예상인원은 총 46명이었으며, 실제 참여자수는 21명, 평균참여율은 46%, 실제 참여 1이당 평균 보고건수는 산업의학전문의가 28건으로 가장 많았고, 대행간호사는 45,건, 사업장 간호사는 3.3건이었다. 결론: 지역 감시체계는 기존 통계자료들에서 발견되지 않았던 직업성질환의 발견에 유용한 통계원이며, 특히 지역의 특성과 여건을 고려하여 체계화된 시스템을 구축하여 운용한다면 더 성과가 클 것이다. Objectives: Area-based occupational disease surveillance in Kumi (KODS) was used to collect data on occupational diseases. The data was used to estimate the magnitude of the diseases, to analyze for their characteristics and to find links for their intervention and prevention. Methods: Since January 2001, occupational physicians and nurses in Occupational Health Service (OHS) have reported six major occupational diseases; occuaptional musculoskeletal disorders of the upper extremities (MSDUE), occupational dermatoses, toxic hepatitis, occupational asthma (OA), hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS), and occupational cancer. For the respective diseases, a reporting sheet and operational diagnostic criteria were developed by the KODS. An analysis of the KODS data, collected over a certain period, was compared with data from the Korea Labor Workers Corporation (KLWC) and the Specific Health Examination (SHE), and the incidence rates of the diseases estimated. Results: Between Jan 2001 and Apr 2002, 287 cases of the six major occupational disease were reported. Of these, there were 132 (46.0%), 100 (34.8%), 34 (11.8%), 16 (5.6%), and 5 (1.7%), cases of MSDUE, occupational dermatoses, toxic hepatitis, OA, and HAVS, repectively. But, there were no cases of occupational cancer. 33 (11.5%) of the incidence were reported via the OHS, 206 (71.7%) from health checkups, and the other 48(16.8%) from other routes. The synthetic fibers and electronic components manufacturing industries accounted for the greatest number of reported cases. With resport to occupation, the greatest numbers of incidence were reported from the elementary occupations, textile workers, assemblers, and cooks and food services worker, in that order. Of the MSDUE cases, carpal tunnel syndrome and epicondylitis were the two most common diseases. Most of the occupational dermatoses were due to contact dermatitis, with organic solvents (59%), nickel (6%), and epoxy resin (5%) accounting for the majority of these cases. All cases of toxic hepatitis were induced by dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide, which were reported by a unique monitoring system. During same period, there were no cases claimed by workers to the KLWC, and only three cases from SHE, were identified. Using data from workers' number and surveillance, the annual incidence of MSDUE, dermatoses, hepatitis, OA, and HAVS, per 100,000 workers were 63.6, 48.2, 17.9, 7.7, and 2.4, respectively. Conclusions: These results show that an area-based surveillance system can be very effective for the collection of data on work-related diseases, at least in Kumi.

수중의 Pyrene, Chrysene 및 Benzo[a]pyrene의 광분해(I)

김지용,허철구,이민규,감상규 한국환경과학회 2003 한국환경과학회지 Vol.12 No.3

The photodegradation of pyrene, chrysene and benzo[a]pyrene, that were similar in structure among polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), were investigated in water irradiated with a low-pressure mercury lamp (wavelength of 253.7㎚ and UV output of 1.35×10^-3J/s). The effects of several factors (t-BuOH, HCO_3^- and pH) on photodegradation of above three PAHs were also examined. The photodegradation rates of PAHs decreased with increasing the concentration of t-BuOH, but decreased little with increasing the concentration of HCO_3^- under the concentrations used in this study. The photodegradation rates of PAHs decreased with increasing pH, but their change were greater in case of pH increase from acid to neutral and were little in case of pH increase from neutral to base. The photogradation rates of PAHs fitted a first-order kinetic model and their photogradation rates decreased in the following sequences: pyrene>chrysene>benzo[a]pyrene among the PAHs used.

화상 환자에서 발생한 외과적 중재술을 요하는 감염성 심내막염 2예

김근숙,이태유,정연손,최창순,최민호,류제헌,김철홍,조구영,우흥정 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.3

감염성 심내막염은 화상 후에 발생할 수 있는 치명적인 합병증이다. 임상 증상은 일반적으로 없는 경우가 대부분이고 지속되는 발열과 양성 혈액 배양 검사가 유일하다. 감염의 다른 확실한 원인 없이 발열과 양성 혈액 배양 검사가 있을 때는 감염성 심내막염을 강력하게 의심해야 하며 심장 초음파로 진단 가능하다. 감염성 심내막염은 사망률은 높지만 초기에 진단하면 항생제 정주를 지속하는 것으로 치료할 수 있다. 저자들은 화상환자에서 발생한 수술적 처치를 필요로 하는 감염성 심내막염 2예를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Infective endocarditis is a rare but fatal complication following burn injury. The clinical presentation is silent, but with persistent fever and positive blood culture. The manipulation of clinical care as well as the burn wound itself and immunosuppression caused by extensive bums puts the burn patients at risk of bacteremia. Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative bacilli are most common pathogens of infective endocarditis following burns. We report herein two cases of infective endocarditis in the burn patients who requires surgical intervention. The first case was caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa with complication of multifocal pneumonia, and the second case by coagulase-negative stapylococcus with cerebral hemorrhage.

쌍곡선 Sine 함수와 쌍곡선 Cosine 함수의 안정성에 관한 연구

김홍구,조민형 金烏工科大學校 1998 論文集 Vol.19 No.-

함수의 안정성에 대한 연구는 많은 수학자들에 의하여 활발히 연구되어왔고 또한 연구되어지고 있는 중요한 연구과제이다. 1990년에 L.Szekelyhidi에 의하여 Sine함수와 Cosine 함수에 대한 안정성이 연구 되었다. 본 논문에서는 미분적분학 분야 및 공과계통에 널리 사용되고 있는 쌍곡선 Sine 함수와 쌍곡선 Cosine 함수에 대한 안정성을 연구 하였다.