그림 지도에서 수준별 교수-학습과 수행 평가의 관계 구성

장미옥,송언근 한국지리환경교육학회 2003 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

10명 전후의 소인수 학급에서 그림 지도의 수준별 교수-학습과 수행 평가의 관계 특징은 다음과 같다. 1) 그림 지도와 관련된 학습의 수준 차는 공간에 대한 개인의 인지 차이이다. 2) 따라서 공간 인지와 관련된 아동의 개인차를 진단하여 그 변인을 토대로 학습하는 것이 그림 지도와 관련된 수준별 교수-학습의 핵심이다. 3)이 같은 의미를 소인수 학급에 적용하면, 아동의 개인차를 고려한 개별화 교육이 그림 지도의 수준별 교수-학습에 가장 적합하다. 4) 따라서 그림 지도의 수준별 교수-학습은 아동들간의 비교가 아닌 개개인의 진단에 목적을 둔 수행 평가가 전제될 때 가능해 진다. 5) 이 같은 교육의 궁극적 목적은 실존적 존재로서 내 삶의 터전과 나와의 관계를 이해하는데 있다. Performance assessment was experienced as a necessity for an effective teaching and learning of drawing maps, in a class of around ten children. (1) Children’s difference in learning of drawing maps is reflective of individual difference in spatial cognition; (2) Correct assessment of individual difference in spatial cognition is thus essential to an effective teaching and learning of drawing maps at different levels of students’ understanding; (3) This leads to a necessity for performance assessment, an assessment of intra-personal strength and weakness instead of inter-personal comparison; (4) Different levels of understanding allow for individualized teaching and learning in a small classroom of ten children or so; and (5) An ultimate aim of education, at least in relation to geography, may be understanding of geography as an existential context for our situated self.

Athleticism과 Amateurism이 영국의 스포츠 문화발전에 주는 의미

황옥철,장미향 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.4

This research is for contemplating what Athleticism and Amateurism devote the meaning to the cultural development of England Sports. For this study, I have been researching the formation of England Sports, the concept of Athleticism, the education of England and the idea of Amateurism, Elite Education and the Spirit of Olympic as well as taken lead in what Amateurism gives the significance to England Sports. By doing this, the result of the study contents through the method of literature consideration produces the following conclusions. Firstly, Athleticism of England society is an ideology related to the characteristic educational system of England. It has been developing the circular cause and effect of Elite Group on a basis, and existing the heart of England Sports Systematization. Secondly, Athleticism which has promoted the systematization and spread of England Sports is established as a sports Ideology that is shrine connected with moral, religious, political purposes, a solemn Christian and pursuing cultivation of imperialistic loyalty. Thirdly, Amateurism which cannot be paid in a material way through the Sports in the middle and high classes is an Ideology that adopted by Coubertin, Pierre de as a general spirit of Olympic and contributes to the spread of England Sports and even significantly the change of educational ideology of Sports. Fourthly, Athleticism and Amateurism which is an central ideology systematization and spread of England Sports Culture have enormously influence on the formation of Sports improvement and modern Sports in England, have offered the significant points of world athletics and sport culture development.

식품유해세균에 대한 식초의 항균효과

우승미,장세영,김옥미,윤광섭,정용진 한국식품저장유통학회 ( 구 한국농산물저장유통학회 ) 2004 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구에서는 시판되고 있는 식초를 이용하여 6종의 식품 유해세균에 대한 항균력을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 감식초와 현미식초는 합성식초에 비해 S. aureus, M. luteus, S. enteritidis 및 E. coli에서 항균 활성이 높게 나타났으며, 현미식초가 감식초에 비해 식품유해세균에 대한 항균활성이 비교적 더 높게 나타났다. 현미식초의 농도에 따른 항균활성을 조사한 결과 5종의 그람양성 세균 및 음성 세균 모두 10μm/mL 이상의 농도에서 생육이 거의 억제되었으나, V. parahaemolyticus는 15 μm/mL 농도에서 생육이 거의 정지되어, 현미식초는 식품 부패균과 대장균 생육억제에 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 식초처리에 의한 미생물의 형태 변화를 전자 현미경으로 관찰한 결과 S. aureus, E. coli 모두 세포가 팽윤되고 일부 세포벽이 완전히 파괴된 형태를 관찰할 수 있어 식초처리로 인해 세균의 생육이 억제되는 것을 알 수 있었다. We investigated antimicrobial effects of commercial vinegar on the harmful food-born organisms. As a result, antimicrobial effects of brown rice vinegar showed stronger than persimmon and artificial vinegar. In 10μL/mL concentration of brown rice vinegar was completely inhibited about 5 strains except for V. parahaemolyticus, it was inhibited 15 μL/mL concentration. Therefore vinegars were effective for inhibition acitivity against foodborne organisms. S. aureus and E. coli treated with 25μL/mL concentration brown rice vinegar was observed by scanning electron micrographs(SEM). The cells were expanded and a part of cell wall was completely destructed by brown rice vinegar.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

남녀 고등학생의 교복과 자율복의 대한 태도 연구

김미정,김영숙,배지혜,신영옥,장명희,황인순 효성여자대학교 가정대학 학도호국단 1984 家政大論集 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude difference toward the school uniform, it was supposed that clothing acceptance was differentiated according to subjects. The subjects were grouped by 3 types which were students, teachers(school governors) and parents groups. The results were as follows; 1. Boy students reguired the more freedom of clothing than girls. 2. Teachers and parents groups considered that clothing affected student's behavior and self-esteem. 3. The acceptance of school plain dress was affected by atomosphere of home and school. 4. According to socioeconomic levels, there were differences in clothing acceptance and fashion acceptance.

재량활동의 운영실태 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

유광찬,장미옥 한국초등교육학회 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.15 No.2

재림활동은 학생의 자기주도적 학습능력을 신장하고 범교과 학습활동을 촉진시키기 위한 창의적 재량활동에 중점을 두어 학교에서 학습내용을 선택 운영하도록 되어있으나, 현장 운영실태를 조사 분석한 결과에 의하면, 재량활동에 대하여 대부분의 교사들이 그 내용을 잘 이해하고 있었으나, 교사들은 재량활동과 운영에 적극적으로 참여하지 못하고 형식적으로 참여하였는데, 그 이유는 재량활동에 대한 이해와 지도 기능이 부족했기 때문이다. 재량활동 운영에 대한 계획은 실제 재량활동을 운영하는 교사들에게 많은 자율성이 주어지고 있었으나 재량활동을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는 자료의 개발, 시설 구비, 경비 제공 등이 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 초등학교에서는 재량활동의 큰 영역 중에서 교과재량활동보다는 창의적 재량활동에 더 중점을 두는 것으로 나타났는데. 이는 바람직한 현상으로 앞으로도 이러한 현상은 지속될 필요가 있다고 본다. 재량활동 평가는 학기당 1∼회 실시하며 그 방법으로는 대부분 관찰평가를 실시하였다. 평가 실시에 대한 가장 큰 문제점은 '객관적인 평가척도의 미흡'이며, 그 다음이 '결과 위주의 평가'로 분석되었다. 따라서 교사들은 재량활동에 대한 올바른 이해를 바탕으로 효율적인 재량활동 운영이 될 수 있도록 재량활동과 지도 기능에 대한 연수를 실시함은 물론 학교나 지역교육청은 그에 대한 적극적인 지원이 이루어질 필요가 있으며, 또한 지역이나 학교의 실정에 따라 재량활동을 특색있고 융통성있게 운영하기 위해서는 시간운영, 장소활용, 교사조직, 주제설정, 집단편성 등에 융통성을 부여하고 프로그램이나 교재를 다양하게 선정하며, 교과와 특별활동과의 연계성을 살려 상호 보완할 수 있는 재량활동으로 운영이 되어야 하며, 재량활동에 대한 평가는 객관적이고 체계적인 평가척도의 개발이 필요하며, 결과보다는 과정에 초점을 두는 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이다. This research's object is primary school, This research investigated and analyzed the actual conditions of organization and operation, found the problem of it, and then searched the improvement plan of creative discretional activities for education focused on consumers about lower grades curriculum applied seventh curriculum These are summary of these research. 1. Teachers understood the discretional activities well. also they were interested in it but they attended the discretional activities formally for short skill of instruction and time. 2. Teacher plan the discretional activities without character of parents' of students, students' communities. Teacher's association like society for curriculum, committee for discretional activities organization were not established or, if any, were not run by. But teachers' association at same grades were activated. Factors influenced discretional activities learning environments like materials, faculties, expenses. And factors which increase learning effect related to development of texts. Almost teacher satisfied with not only operation of discretional activities but also 68 hours assigned curriculum. Most of schools assigned with hours for a week to discretional activities Teacher thought such organization and operations on times are enough. But they thought they were operated formally. 3. Teachers focus on creative discretional activities than text-related discretional activities. There are many text activities related to general subjects on their contents. Korean and Mathematics classes are true of intensifying-supplemented learning. Text-activities related to general subject education of human nature, instuction about basic life habit, environmental education, and education of citizens. Among these they chose and instruct two to six scopes. And subject investigation learning like chinese letters, computer, English etc are true of self-study activities. Students' requests were reflected a little on discretional activities contents. But grades level were considered discretional activities construction. In view of teachers, students are the most interested in experience activities contrary to intensifying-supplemented learning.

HS-SPME-GC/MS 방법을 이용한 실크벽지 원자재의 TVOCs 기여도 평가

정탁교,장미옥,김만구 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

The contributions of the TVOC toluene-equivalent emission of raw materials was investigated for PVC wallpaper. A Headspace of each raw material were concentrated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and analysed by GC/MS. Static headspace of PVC wallpaper was generated in the 22ml of glass vial at 25℃ and sampled by using a 75 um thickness of carboxen-polydimethylsiloxanfiber. The typical VOCs are oilic peaks eluted between n-decane and n-hexadecane, and carbonyl compound, 2-butanone, n-hexanal, 2-ethyl-hexanol, 4-tetradecanal, hecanoic acid and aromatic compounds, toluene, m,p-xylene, styrene, Dileunt showed the highest contribution to TVOC emission of 0.52, and plasticizer was 0.20, and resin stabilizer showed 0.14. the improvement of these raw material was recommended in odor to reduce TVOC emission of PVC wallpaper.

초등학교 특별활동의 운영실태 및 개선방안에 관한 연구

유광찬,장미옥 한국초등교육학회 2003 초등교육연구 Vol.16 No.1

제 7차 교육과정에서 자치활동, 적응활동, 계발활동, 봉사활동, 행사활동의 5개 영역으로 운영되는 특별활동의 중요성에 대한 교사들의 인식은 높았다. 그러나 관심도와 태도면에서는 인식의 수준에 미치지 못하고 있는데, 그 이유는 지도기능과 시간, 시설의 부족이었다. 따라서 특별활동이 효율적으로 운영되려면 교사들이 관심과 참여태도에 적극성을 가질 수 있도록 시.도 교육청이나 지역 교육청에서는 지도기능에 대한 다양한 연수를 장·단기적으로 실시하고, 시설확보에 적극적 지원이 필요하다고 사료된다. 또한 특별활동의 5개 내용영역 중에서 교사들은 계발활동에 크게 중점을 두어 지도하고 있으며, 학생들도 계발활동에 관심이 집중되는 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 5개 영역으로 구체화된 특별활동의 내용을 균등하게 지도하고, 활동의 타당성과 흥미를 살리기 위하여, 교사들도 스스로 5개 내용영역에 대한 관심을 골고루 갖어서 학생들에게 경험의 기회와 선택의 폭을 넓혀 줄 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. The purpose of this study was analyze how extra curriculum activities of the 7th national curricula are operated in elementary schools and to seek ways to improve extra curriculum activities are highly recognized. However, because of shortage of leadership, time, and facility the extent of interest and attitude about extra curriculum activities are below that of recognition. For an efficient operation of extra curriculum activities, it is necessary to provide various leadership training program and sufficient equipments. The results showed that teachers mostly made a plan to operate extra curriculum activities. In general, the level of application of parents and local people is very limited. Teachers regarded shortage of facility and equipments as the most direct factors to unsuccessful operation of extra curriculum activities. Large number of respondents thought time for extra curriculum activities is sufficient. In conclusion, for human resources, the effort of a school and a local community is to the preceded. Besides, money, facility, and equipments need to be supported and efficiently distributed. In the five activity fields of extra curriculum activities, teachers laid emphasis on a development activity and students also concentrated their attention on that. The level of reflection of learners' request was low. This means that a teacher has a more influence than a student has in the program and operation of extra curriculum activities.

Ocular MALT Lymphoma : Report of Two Cases

윤영묵,장효찬,김동석,김상원,박미옥,박재복 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1998 연구논문집 Vol.57 No.2

Lymphoma arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue(MALT) is extranodal marginal zone lymphoma displaying a proliferation of follicle marginal zone-type cells(centrocyte-like cells or monocytoid B-cells), often with surrounding reactive germinal centers and lympoepithelial lesions. This typically expresses pan-B-cell markers and monotypic immunoglobulin but not CD5 or CD10. Ocular MALT consists of the lacrimal gland, lcular soft tissue, orbit, conjunctiva and cornea. Lymphoma arising in thses sites is of very rare occurrence in up to 1.5% of all patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Herein we report two cases of ocular MALT lymphoma which was very rare in the dermatologic field. Case 1, 73-year-old man, developed the right upper conjunctival swelling measuring about 2.0×2.5cm for about 1 year. Histologically, the excised lesion showed follicular centers and infiltration of centrocyte-like cells of B-cell lineage in the stroma but no lymphoepithelial lesions, consistent with low-grade B-cell lymphoma. Case 2, a 66-year-old female, had a rapid course of about 1.2×1.0cm-sized, soft, wellow mass arising from lacrimal gland of the right upper eyelid for about 1 month. Hostologically, the lesion showed diffuse patterend features admixed with centrocyte-like cells and large cells such as centroblast, compatible with high-grade lymphoma. Case 2 received combined chemotherapy of m-BACOD, with a somewhat improvement.

전국 단위 감시체계의 현황과 전망

강성규,안연순,지영구,김형옥,하미나,권호장,백남종,김성아,홍윤철,김재용,강대희,정혜선,하은희 대한산업의학회 2001 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.13 No.2