Prostaglandin A₂-induced Apoptosis is Not Inhibited by Heme Oygenase-1 in U2OS Cells

Kyoung-Won Ko(고경원),Sun-Young Lee(이선영),Ji-Hyun Ahn(안지현),Jaetaek Kim(김재택),In-Kyung Kim(김인경),Ho-Shik Kim(김호식) 한국생명과학회 2008 생명과학회지 Vol.18 No.11

Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂)는 사람 골육종 세포인 U2OS 세포주에서 apoptosis와 heme oxygenase (HO)-1의 발현을 함께 유도하였다. PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis는 HO-1의 과도한 발현이나 HO-1에 대한 small interfering RNA에 의한 발현저하에 의하여 변동되지 않았으나 H₂O₂에 의한 세포사망은 HO-1의 발현 수준에 반비례하여 변동되었다. 또한 thiol antioxidant인 N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC)은 PGA₂에 의한 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 증가를 모두 차단하였지만, non-thiol antioxidant인 butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)과 ascorbic acid는 세포사망과 HO-1의 발현 유도를 차단하지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과들은 PGA₂는 산화성 손상에 의해서가 아니라 PGA₂의 thiol-reactivity에 의하여 apoptosis와 HO-1의 발현을 유도하며, HO-1의 발현은 PGA₂에 의한 apoptosis와는 독립적인 현상이거나 기능적으로 apoptosis 유도의 하부에 위치하고 apoptosis의 진행에는 기여하지 않을 것이라는 것을 시사해 준다. Prostaglandin A₂ (PGA₂), one of cyclopentenone PGs, induced both apoptosis and heme oxygenase (HO)-1 expression in U2OS cells. PGA₂-induced apoptosis was not perturbed by either over-expression or knock-down of HO-1, whereas H₂O₂-induced cell death was inversely modulated by the expression level of HO-1. In addition, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a thiol antioxidant, blocked both apoptosis and HO-1 expression induced by PGA₂. But, non-thiol antioxidants like butylated hydorxyanisole (BHA) and ascorbic acid did not block either apoptosis or HO-1-induction. Taken together, these results suggest that PGA₂ induces both apoptosis and HO-1 expression, which are critically related to the thiol-reactivity of PGA₂, but not oxidative stress, and HO-1 expression may be independent or functionally located downstream of apoptosis by PGA₂ without contribution to apoptosis progression.

Combined Gene Therapy with Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Heme Oxygenase-1 for Therapeutic Angiogenesis

Bhang, Suk Ho,Kim, Ju Hee,Yang, Hee Seok,La, Wan-Geun,Lee, Tae-Jin,Kim, Ga Hee,Kim, Hyun Ah,Lee, Minhyung,Kim, Byung-Soo Mary Ann Liebert 2011 Tissue engineering. Part A Vol.17 No.7

<P>Transfection with either hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) or heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene can induce neovascularization in ischemic tissues. Although expression of transfected HIF-1α gene occurs rapidly, the expressed HIF-1α protein degrades quickly, limiting its therapeutic efficacy. Meanwhile, expressed HO-1 protein does not rapidly undergo degradation, but gene expression occurs a couple of days after transfection, resulting in apoptosis and a delay in angiogenesis in ischemic tissues at the incipient period of HO-1 gene transfection. We hypothesize that combined delivery of HIF-1α and HO-1 gene will enhance antiapoptosis and neovascularization in ischemic tissue compared with HIF-1α or HO-1 single-gene therapy. To test this hypothesis, ischemic mouse hindlimbs were treated with HIF-1α and/or HO-1 gene therapy. The combined gene therapy proved superior to both single-gene therapies, resulting in rapid expression of HIF-1α gene and long-term maintenance of expressed HO-1 protein. The apoptosis in the ischemic region was significantly less, and angiogenic growth factor secretion and angiogenesis were greater in the combined gene therapy than in either of the single-gene therapies. Our results suggest that a combined gene therapy of HIF-1α and HO-1 enhances the transfection of both genes and improves angiogenesis compared with either single-gene therapy.</P>

제주도 지하수 질산염 농도의 시·공간적 변화 특성: 장기(1993-2015) 모니터링 자료의 평가

김호림(Ho-Rim Kim),오준섭(Junseop Oh),도현권(Hyun-Kwon Do),이경진(Kyung-Jin Lee),현익현(Ik-Hyun Hyun),오상실(Sang-Sil Oh),감상규(Sang-Kyu Kam),윤성택(Seong-Taek Yun) 대한자원환경지질학회 2018 자원환경지질 Vol.51 No.1

1993년부터 2015년까지 관측된 제주도 지하수 장기모니터링 관측정(N = 4,835)에서 수집된 지하수 수질자료(N = 21,568)를 기반으로 질산성질소의 시공간적 변동 특성을 평가하였다. 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 농도의 중앙값은 2.5 mg/L로서 다른 국가나 대륙의 조사 결과에 비해 다소 높거나 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지하수 용도, 행정구역 및 고도 별로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 특히, 산간 지역에 비해 저지대 해안가에 위치한 농업 및 주거지역에서 농도가 높음을 확인하였다. Mann-Kendall 및 Sen’s slope 분석을 활용한 질산성질소 농도의 추세 분석 결과, 하류 저지 대에 비해 중산간지역에서의 질산성질소 농도 증가 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 제주도 내 토지 피복의 시계열 변화 특성과 결부 지어 보면, 중산간지역의 오염 증가 추세는 농업지역의 확장 등 인위적 활동 증가에 기인한 결과로 판단된다. 반면,기지정된 지하수자원특별관리구역에서는 전반적으로 질산성질소 농도의 감소 경향이 나타났는데, 이는 지하수 관리 측면에서 수질관리를 위한 적극적인 정책이 유효함을 시사한다. 본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수의 질산성질소 오염관리를 위한 적정 방안을 제안한다. The spatio-temporal variations of nitrate concentrations in groundwater of Jeju Island were evaluated by an analysis of time series groundwater quality data (N = 21,568) that were collected from regional groundwater monitoring (number of wells = 4,835) for up to 20 years between 1993 and 2015. The median concentration of NO 3 -N is 2.5 mg/L, which is slightly higher than those reported from regional surveys in other countries. Nitrate concentrations of groundwater in wells tend to significantly vary according to different water usage (of the well), administrative districts, and topographic elevations: nitrate level is higher in low-lying agricultural and residential areas than those in high mountainous areas. The Mann-Kendall trend test and Sen’s slope analysis show that nitrate concentration in mid-mountainous areas tends to increase, possibly due to the expansion of agricultural areas toward highland. On the other hand, nitrate concentrations in the Specially Designated Groundwater Quality Protection Zones show the temporally decreasing trend, which implies the efficiency of groundwater management actions in Jeju. Proper measures for sustainable groundwater quality management are suggested in this study.

Genetic associations of body composition, flexibility and injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas

( Jun Ho Kim ),( Eun Sun Jung ),( Chul Hyun Kim ),( Hyeon Youn ),( Hwa Rye Kim ) 한국운동영양학회 2014 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.18 No.2

Jun Ho Kim, Eun Sun Jung, Chul-Hyun Kim, Hyeon Youn and Hwa Rye Kim. Genetic associations of body composition, flexibilityand injury risk with ACE, ACTN3and COL5A1polymorphisms in Korean ballerinas. JENB., Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.205-214, 2014[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to exam the association of body composition, flexibility, and injury risk to genetic polymorphismsincluding ACEID, ACTN3RX, and COL5A1polymorphisms in ballet dancers in Korea. [Methods]For the purpose of this study,elite ballerinas (n = 97) and normal female adults (n = 203) aged 18 to 39 were recruited and these participants were tested forbody weight, height, body fat, fat free mass, flexibility, injury risks on the joints and gene polymorphisms (ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1polymorphism). [Results]As results, the ACEDD genotype in ballerinas was associated with higher body fat and percentageof body fat than the ACEII and ID genotypes (p< 0.05). In the study on the ACTN3polymorphism and ballerinas, the XXgenotype in ballerinas had lower body weight and lower fat-free mass than the RR and RX genotype (p < 0.005). Also, the meansof sit and reach test for flexibility was lower in the ACTN3XX genotype of ballerinas than the RR and RX genotype of ballerinas(p< 0.05). Among the sports injuries, the ankle injury of the XX-genotyped ballerinas was in significantly more prevalence thanthe RR and XX-genotyped ballerinas (p< 0.05). According to the odd ratio analysis, XX-genotyped ballerinas have the injuryrisk on the ankle about 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6~13.4, p< 0.05) times more than the RR and RX-genotyped ballerinas. Meanwhile, theCOL5A1polymorphism in ballerinas has no association with any factors including flexibility and injury risks. [Conclusion]Inconclusion, ACEpolymorphism and ACTN3polymorphism were associated with ballerinas` performance capacity; COL5A1wasnot associated with any factors of performance of Ballerinas. The results suggested that the ACEDD genotype is associated withhigh body fat, the ACTN3XX genotype is associated with low fat-free mass, low flexibility, and higher risk of ankle-joint injury. [Keyword]ballet, flexibility, body composition, injury risk, ACE, ACTN3, COL5A1

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions

Lee, Sang Choel,Han, Seung Hyeok,Li, Jin Ji,Lee, Sun Ha,Jung, Dong-Sub,Kwak, Seung-Jae,Kim, Seung Hye,Kim, Dong Ki,Yoo, Tae-Hyun,Kim, Jin Hyun,Chang, Se-Ho,Han, Dae Suk,Kang, Shin-Wook International Society of Nephrology 2009 Kidney international Vol.76 No.8

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an anti-oxidant enzyme normally upregulated in response to oxidant injury. Here we determined the role of HO-1 in podocyte apoptosis in glomeruli of streptozotocin-treated rats and in immortalized mouse podocytes cultured in media containing normal or high glucose. HO-1 expression, its activity, the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein, and active caspase-3 fragments were all significantly higher in isolated glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. These increases were inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin treatment of the rats or by HO-1 siRNA treatment of the podocytes in culture. The number of apoptotic cells was also significantly increased in the glomeruli of diabetic rats and in high glucose–treated podocytes. Inhibition of HO-1 accentuated the increase in apoptotic cells both in vivo and in vitro. Our findings suggest that HO-1 expression protects against podocyte apoptosis under diabetic conditions.

Ethanol Extract of Ganoderma lucidum Augments Cellular Anti-oxidant Defense through Activation of Nrf2/HO-1

Lee, Yoo-hwan,Kim, Jung-hee,Song, Choon-ho,Jang, Kyung-jeon,kim, Cheol-hong,Kang, Ji-Sook,Choi, Yung-hyun,Yoon, Hyun-Min KOREAN PHARMACOPUNCTURE INSTITUTE 2016 Journal of pharmacopuncture Vol.19 No.1

Objectives: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for many years. Although several studies have focused on the anti-oxidative activity of this mushroom, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity have not yet been clearly established. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of ethanol extract of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide, $H_2O_2$) and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in a C2C12 myoblast cell line. Methods: Oxidative stress markers were determined by using the comet assay to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Cell viability and Western blotting analyses were employed to evaluate the cellular response to EGL and $H_2O_2$ in C2C12 cells. Transfection with nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-specific small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) was conducted to understand the relationship between Nrf2 expression and $H_2O_2$-induced growth inhibition. Results: The results showed that EGL effectively inhibited $H_2O_2$-induced growth and the generation of ROS. EGL markedly suppressed $H_2O_2$-induced comet-like DNA formation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139 ($p-{\gamma}H2AX$), a widely used marker of DNA damage, suggesting that EGL prevented $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage. Furthermore, the EGL treatment effectively induced the expression of Nrf2, as well as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), with parallel phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in the C2C12 myoblasts. However, zinc protoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor, significantly abolished the protective effects of EGL against $H_2O_2$-induced accumulation of ROS and reduced cell growth. Notably, transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA attenuated the cytoprotective effects and HO-1 induction by EGL, indicating that EGL induced the expression of HO-1 in an Nrf2-dependent manner. Conclusion: Collectively, these results demonstrate that EGL augments the cellular anti-oxidant defense capacity through activation of Nrf2/HO-1, thereby protecting C2C12 myoblasts from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative cytotoxicity.

Slide Session : OS-IFD-07 ; Infectious Disease : In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

( Myung Jin Lee ),( Kye Hyung Kim ),( Jong Youn Yi ),( Su Jin Choi ),( Chung Jong Kim ),( Nak Hyun Kim ),( Kyoung Ho Song ),( Pyoeng Gyun Choi ),( Ji Hwan Bang ),( Wan Beom Park ),( Eu Suk Kim ),( San 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Ribavirin Against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus Myung Jin LEE1, Kye-Hyung KIM1, Jongyoun YI2, SuJin CHOI1, Chung-Jong KIM1, Nak- Hyun KIM1, Kyoung-Ho SONG1, Pyoeng Gyun CHOI1, Ji-Hwan BANG1, Wan Beom PARK1, Eu Suk KIM1, Sang-Won PARK1, Hong Bin KIM1, Nam Joong KIM1, Myoung- Don OH1 Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea1, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Korea2 Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by a novel Bunyavirus, severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV). No effective antiviral therapy is proven yet, but clinical use of ribavirin (RBV) has been tried. We investigated the antiviral effect of RBV against SFTSV in vitro. Methods: To test for cytotoxicity of RBV, Vero cells were treated with different concentrations of RBV (3.90 to 500 μg/mL, two-fold dilution) and analyzed by cell viability MTS assay 48h post-infection. To determine antiviral activity of RBV against SFTSV, Vero cells were infected with SFTSV strain Gangwon/Korea/2012 at 100 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infective dose) per well in a 96-well plate, and RBV was added at the concentrations showing no or minimal cytotoxicity. Viral RNAs were extracted from the culture supernatants and quantifi ed using one-step real-time reverse transcription- PCR to amplify the partial large segment of SFTSV. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc test. Results: Cytotoxicity due to RBV was not observed at RBV concentration =31.3 μg/ mL. Viral RNAs at 24h post-RBV treatment were reduced with increasing RBV concentrations (1-32 μg/mL), compared with those of mock-treated cells (P <0.01, Figure). Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of RBV was 3.69 μg/mL at 24h post-RBV treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that RBV has antiviral effect against SFTSV in a dose-dependent manner. Further studies are required to evaluate the effi cacy of RBV in SFTS.

사례보고 : 하수오 복용 후 발생한 재발성 독성 간염 1예

배상훈 ( Sang Hoon Bae ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),배영석 ( Young Seok Bae ),이광재 ( Kwang Jae Lee ),김동완 ( Dong Wan Kim ),윤정빈 ( Jeoung Bin Yoon ),홍준호 ( Joon Ho Hong ),김상현 ( Sang Hyun Kim ) 대한간학회 2010 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.16 No.2

Toxic hepatitis has been reported as a major cause of acute hepatitis, but its potential induction by herbal remedies and/or health foods is usually neglected. We experienced a case of toxic hepatitis associated with Polygoni multiflori, a Chinese herb commonly known as Ho-Shou-Wu. A 54-year-old woman consumed Ho-Shou-Wu for 1 month, after which she experienced fatigue and overall weakness. A diagnosis of toxic hepatitis was made based on her clinical history, the findings for viral markers and other laboratory data, and ultrasonography. Her condition improved considerably after she stopped taking Ho-Shou-Wu. However, she resumed taking Ho-Shou-Wu immediately after discharge from hospital, which aggravated her symptoms and liver function. She was immediately readmitted and stopped taking Ho-Shou-Wu. Her relapse into hepatitis immediate after resuming consumption of the herb is strongly indicative of the validity of Koch`s postulate in this case.

사립유치원 경력 교사의 사직에 담긴 살아가는 이야기에 관한 내러티브 탐구

김호현(Kim, Ho-Hyun) 한국영유아교원교육학회 2020 유아교육학논집 Vol.24 No.1

이 연구는 10년의 유치원 경력을 가진 한 선생님의 사직 전과 후의 정체성 변화 과정과 사직의 의미를 내러티브 탐구의 살아가는 이야기와 개인적·전문적 지식 전경의 틀로 들여다보았다. 이를 위해 10년 동안 몸담았던 유치원을 그만두고 대학원에 진학한 김선생님과 아홉 차례 대화를 나누었고, 내러티브 탐구 방식으로 현장, 중간, 연구텍스트를 구성하였다. 김선생님은 교사 시절 개인적 전경과 전문적 전경이 충돌하는 과정에서 좌절과 허탈함을 겪었으나 이 충돌은 김선생님에게 교사가 되기 전 상상했던 유아를 변화시키는 좋은 교사가 될 기회가 되었고, 부모교육 강사의 꿈을 가지고 사직을 한 뒤 대학원에 진학하였다. 가르치는 자에서 배우는 자로, 유치원에서 대학원으로 역할과 장소가 바뀌고, 새로운 관계가 만들어지고, 경제적 어려움과 차별의 벽에 좌절하면서 정체성에도 변화가 생겼지만 유아를 변화시키는 좋은 교사가 될 것이라는 중추의 정체성을 유지함으로써 교사 시절부터 지금껏 전문적 전경의 삶을 살고 있다. 그의 사직에 담긴 살아가는 이야기는 더 큰 꿈을 향해 여행하는 성장에 관한 이야기이고, 유아를 위해 무엇을 할 것인가에 관한 답을 찾는 과정이었다. The study looked inside the changing identity of a former kindergarten teacher with 10 years of career experience before and after her resignation and the meaning of her resignation within the frames of stories to live by and personal-professional knowledge landscapes. Nine deep dialogues with the teacher, Kim, were conducted and a constructed field, interim, and final search text were made. Kim went through frustration and letdowns in the middle of conflicts between the personal and professional landscapes but this conflict was a good chance for her to be a good teacher who changed the children for the better, a story imagined before she became a teacher. She chose to resign and attend graduate school. Her identity changed as her role, place, and relationships shifted from teacher to learner, from the kindergarten to the tertiary-level classroom and being frustrated due to financial difficulties and barriers of discrimination. However sustaining her core identity as a good teacher who changed children for the better, she has been living on the professional landscape linked from the rookie teacher. Stories to live by embedded in Kim’s resignation stories are about the story of one teacher’s travelling for a better dream and a course of answering what to do for the children.

머리염색이 인체에 미치는 영향

윤형식,황성호,이현륭,김수호,박연석,권낙현,정호진,김동훈,노현주,홍성호,박병찬,이관,정해관 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2002 東國醫學 Vol.9 No.1

일상생활에서 모발염색은 흔히 접할 수 있는 미용의 한 종류로 특히 젊은층을 중심으로 폭발적으로 유행하고 있다. 염색을 위항 사용하는 약제는 표백제와 발색제 등 각종 화학약품이 사용되고 있으나 이로 인한 건강장해에 대한 연구는 그리 많지 않다. 저자들은 염색이 인체의 모발건강에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 염색과 관련된 주관적 증상과 모발의 변화에 대한 실험적 연구를 시행하였다. 동국대학교 경주 캠퍼스 재학생 80명을 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하여 염색 유 ·무 및 염색 후에 경험한 증상에 대해 설문 조사하였고, 의과대학 재학생 46명을 대상으로 피부 반응 테스트를 실시하였다. 또한 염색 전후의 모발 탄성도를 측정하였고 모발의 상태를 파악하기 위해 전자 현미경검사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 결과 염색 전에 비하여 염색 후 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력저하, 발진 및 접촉성 피부염, 모발손상, 모근손상 등의 증상을 더 많이 경험한다고 호소하였다(p<0.05). 모발손상과 모근손상은 헤어드라이어 사용 빈도에 따라 증가하는 것으로 조사되었다(p<0.05). 피부반응검사에서 가려움증이 가장 많은 증상이었으며 이는 여성보다는 남성에서 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 염색 전후의 모발장력은 염색 전 134.5±10.37g, 염색 128.0±30.69g, 염색 이틀 후 112.5±19.69g으로 나타났다. 염색 전후의 모발의 전자현미경 케라틴 층이 현저히 감소하고 모발이 가늘어지는 차이를 보였다. 염색은 모발손상, 모발 케라틴 손상 및 모근 손상, 발진 및 접촉성 피부반응, 안구혼탁, 안구건조, 시력 저하를 유발한다. 따라서 염색약으로 인한 손상에 대한 주의와 예방이 필요하다고 생각한다. 예방대책으로 염색 전 피부테스트를 통한 적합성 여부를 판단하는 것이 필요하며 가급적 염색을 피하는 것이 좋을 것이다. 염색약에 발암물질이 포함되어있다는 보고도 있어 염색 제조사의 철저한 실험과 염색 물질의 선별이 염색으로 인한 부작용을 최소화하는데 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. Hair coloring has became one of the most popular cosmetic activities to younger generations during last decade. However, there are few studies on the health effect of widespread use of chemical dyes. This study was conducted to study the effects of hair coloring dye on hair and other systems. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 80 persons in Kyongju campus, Dongguk University. We have done open patch skin test on 46 medical students. We also conducted scanning electron microscopy to examine the hair strength and structure before and after hair coloring process. Injury of hair and hair bulb, contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity were the main symptoms complained after hair coloring (p<0.05). Injury of hair and hair bulb were increased by frequency of hair-dryer use(p<0.05). In open patch test, pruritus was complanined by more than half of the subjects. Mean strength of hairs before and after hair coloring was as follows; 134.5 (SD 10.37)g before hair coloring, 128.0 (SD 30.69)g immediately after hair coloring, and 112.5 (SD 19.69)g after two days. The scanning electron microscopic findings of hair surface before and after hair coloring showed decreased keratin layer and thinning of the hair. Hair coloring induces injury to hair, its keratin layer, and hair bulb as well as contact dermatitis, turbid eyes, xerophthalmia, and poor visual acuity. Therefore, we think that precaution is needed in use of hair coloring dye. To prevent complications induced by hair coloring dye, it is necessary, especially to those with allergy or skin disorders, to perform skin test before action and avoid hair coloring whenever possible. Longterm health effects of hairdye should be studied and manufacturing companies should try to minimize complications induced by hair coloring dye.