Production of extracellular polysaccharide by Monilinia fructigena for aquaculture

Kwak Jung-Ki,Park Jin-Hee,Lee Jung-Suck,Goetz Peter,Cho Man-Gi The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 1999 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.2 No.2

Production of extracellular polysaccharide by Monilinia fructigena in B-I medium containing cereals was higher than that in glucose medium. Productivities in B-I medium and glucose medium were 0.7g/l nd 0.2-03g/l respectively. The maximum content of polysaccharide occurred at the rising point from the lowest pH of culture. As the apparent viscosity of the polysaccharide solution increased, the flow Index (m) decreased, and the consistency Index (Kc) also increased. The polysaccharide solution was a typical pseudoplastic fluid. The mycelium was separated from the culture solution by $300\mu m$ mesh-filter and the polysaccharide was precipitated by adding 50% of ethanol (v/v). The amount of the polysaccharide removed from the filtrated solution was 0.45 g/l and the amount adhered to the mycelium was 0.25g/l. In experiments for investigating growth enhancement of rotifer (Brachionus plicatilis) by the polysaccharide, the dose of the polysaccharide was 1mg per 10,000 organisms of rotifer. Maximum specific growth rate of rotifer with feed consisting of sea Chlorella sp. and the polysaccharide was 1.095/day in the batch culture for 10 days. A semi-continuous culture was done for 30 days, the biomass of rotifer could be harvested twice. Maximum specific growth rate with sea Chlorella sp. and the polysaccharide was 0.734/day before the first harvest, and 1.685/day before the second harvest. Productivity was 38 $cells/ml\; \cdot\; day$ with sea Chlorella sp. and the polysaccharide.

Kefir Grain의 Polysaccharide에 의한 HRV S-2의 MA-104 세포 감염억제

이종익,송광영,천정환,현지연,서건호,Lee, Jong-Ik,Song, Kwang-Young,Chon, Jung-Whan,Hyeon, Ji-Yeon,Seo, Kun-Ho 한국축산식품학회 2011 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.31 No.1

The inhibitory effect of a polysaccharide from kefir on human rotavirus infection in MA-104 cells was investigated. The extracted polysaccharide was separated as fraction I in unbound materials and as fractions II, III, and IV in bound materials. Adding polysaccharide fractions II (4.8 mg/mL), III (5.3 mg/mL), and IV (1.4 mg/mL) inhibited the infection of MA-104 cells by human rotavirus. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC 50) were 0.075, 0.083, and 0.022 mg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, the kefir polysaccharide has anti-rotavirus activity. In conclusion, a polysaccharide from kefir had more than a 97% inhibition effect against human rotavirus infection in MA-104 cells. 본 연구에서는kefir중의 polysaccharide분획이 HRV의 MA-104세포 감염에 미치는 억제효과를 조사하였다. (1) 추출된 polysaccharide는 DEAE 이온교환 chromatography에서 fraction I의 미결합 분획과 fraction II, III, IV의 결합 분획으로 나뉘어졌다. (2) Polysaccharide fraction II, III, IV는 각각 4.8, 5.3, 1.4 mg/mL의 농도로 첨가했을 때 HRV의 MA-104 세포감염에 대하여 약 97%, 99%, 100%의 억제효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하면 kefir의 다당체가 유아설사변에서 분리한 rotavirus S-2가 MA-104 cell 감염에 97% 이상 억제효과가 있어 동절기 유아의 바이러스성 급성설사 예방에 kefir를 급식하는 것이 바람직하다고 사료된다.

Nitric Oxide is Involved in the Immunomodulating Activities of Acidic Polysaccharide from Panax ginseng

Park, Kyeong Mee,Kim, Young Sook,Jeong, Tae Cheon,Joe, Cheol O.,Shin, Han Jae,Lee, You Hui,Nam, Ki Yeul,Park, Jong Dae 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

The effects of an acidic polysaccharide isolated from the ethanol-insoluble and water-soluble fraction of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer on immunomodulating activities were investigated. A high output nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was shown in female BALB/c mice administered intraperitoneally with the acidic polysaccharide from ginseng. Newly synthesized iNOS protein was also observed in peritoneal macrophages cultured with interferon-?? and the acidic polysaccharide. Spleen cells from acidic polysaccharide-treated mice did not proliferate in response to concanavalin A. but restored the responsiveness by the cotreatment of N^(c)-monomethy-??-arginine (NMMA) with concanavalin A. The treatment of mice with aminoguanidine, a specific iNOS inhibitor, alleviated the acidic polysaccharide-induced suppression of antibody response to sheep red blood cells. Present results suggest that the immunomodulating activities of the acidic polysaccharide were mediated by the production of nitric oxide.

Study on Polysaccharide Bonded Abrasive Tool Using Hydrothermal Gelatinisation for Green Machining of Single Crystal Sapphire

Zhe Wu,Yuying Zhang,Yong Liu,Fangli Mo,Chengwu Wang,Huizong Lu,Julong Yuan,Zhifeng Liu 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.25 No.1

Aiming to green machining of single crystal sapphire, polysaccharide-bonded soft abrasive tool using hydrothermal gelatinisation method was proposed. Mechanical properties of prepared polysaccharide films show that when the weight ratio of natural polysaccharide to cross-linked polysaccharide is 1:1, the tensile strength and extension rate of the film are relatively optimal. Composition and making process of polysaccharide bonded abrasive tool was built. Samples of polysaccharide bonded soft abrasive tools were made by which the single crystal sapphire substrates were machined. It is found that by adopting guar gum as dispersion agent and hydrothermal gelatinisation, the abrasive sedimentation during making process of abrasive tool is substantially eliminated, and better abrasive holding ability is attained. XPS and Raman microscope analysis showed that material of single crystal sapphire was removed by mechano-chemical reaction with good surface integrity. Abrasive tools with abrasive to binder ratio of 4:1 presented relatively better self-sharpening and machining performance, and the material removal rate reached 0.427 μm/min. More interesting, XPS and FT-IR analyses both indicated that the polysaccharide binder dehydrated by the friction heat during machining process.

Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect

Chun-xiao Li,Ying Liu,Yu-zhen Zhang,Jing-chun Li,Jiang Lai 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.6

The Astragalus polysaccharide is an importantbioactive component derived from the dry root of Astragalusmembranaceus . This review aims to provide a comprehensiveoverview of the research progress on the immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide and providevaluable reference information. We review the immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide on central andperipheral immune organs, including bone marrow, thymus,lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues. Furthermore, theimmunomodulatory eff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide on avariety of immune cells is summarized. Studies have shownthat Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the activities ofmacrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes and microglia and induce the expressionof a variety of cytokines and chemokines. The immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide makesit promising for the treatment of many diseases, includingcancer, infection, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and autoimmunedisease. Among them, the anticancer effect is the mostprominent. In short, Astragalus polysaccharide is a valuableimmunomodulatory medicine, but further high-qualitystudies are warranted to corroborate its clinical effi cacy.

면역증강성 다당 생산을 위한 참당귀 세포배양의 최적조건

안경섭,서원택,심웅섭,김익환 한국산업미생물학회 1998 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.2

참당귀 세포(Angelica gigas H4)를 현탁배양하여 면역증강성 다당을 생산하기 위한 최적배지 설계 및 생산조건 최적화 연구를 수행하였다. 우선 세포의 성장에 가장 좋은 배지로서 Schenk and Hildebrandt(SH) 배지를 선택하여 배양한 결과 25℃, 암배양조건에서 각각 15.8 g DCW/ℓ와 0.85 g/ℓ의 세포 및 다당을 얻을 수 있었다. 한편 다당 생산용 배지의 개발을 위하여 여러 가지 식물세포배양용 배지중에서 다당생산능이 가장 높은 배지로서 Gamborg B5 배지를 선정하였으며 B5 배지를 변형하여 면역증강성 다당생산을 위한 최적배지(PPM)를 개발하였다. 그리고 최적배지를 이용한 당귀 세포증식과 다당 생산을 위한 최적 pH는 6.0-6.5, 배양온도는 20℃, 그리고 광조건보다는 암조건이 좋은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 상기 최적조건에서의 최대 세포증식과 다당생산을 각각 14.8 g/ℓ, 1.5 g/ℓ이었다. An Immunostimulating polysaccharide was produced from the suspension culture of Angelica gigas H4 plant cells. In order to enhance the polysaccharide production by the A. gigas cell culture, medium composition and physical conditions were optimized. Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium was selected as an optimal basal medium for the growth of A. gigas. The maximum cell and polysaccharide concentration obtained in SH medium were 15.8 g DCW/ℓ and 0.85 g polysaccharide/ℓ, respectively, at 25℃ under dark condition. For the enhanced polysaccharide production, a polysaccharide production medium (PPM) was established by modifying Gamborg B5 medium with optimized carbon sources, growth regulators, organic and inorganic elements. Optimal initial pH and temperature were 6.0-6.6 and 20℃, respectively, and the dark condition was better than the light condition. The maximum polysaccharide concentration of 1.5 g/ℓ could be obtained through the optimization of the medium composition and physical conditions.

소나무 재생버섯(Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng) 다당류의 추출 특성

장경호,신진기,이명예,이상일,김정숙,오승희,김순동 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the extraction characteristics of the polysaccharide from Jeseng mushroom (Fomitopsis pinicola Jeseng). Yields of the polysaccharide extracted from powdered mushroom by autoclaving(120, 30 min) with water at different pH and salt concentration were 8.2~9.2% in pH 5~11, 4.7~5.5% in 1.5% salt solution, respectively. The yield by the 0.05~1.0 N KOH-extraction was ranged 3.45~13.20%, while that by HAS-extraction(homogenizing after KOH swelling) using 1~2.5 N KOH 73.6~78.4%. Content of carbohydrate, protein, lipid and ash of the crude polysaccharide extracted from fruits body and its cultured mycelium by method of water extraction, KOH extraction(0.005~1N) and HAS-extraction were ranged 86.5~92.6%, 2.3~13.1%, 0.1~4.2% and 0.1~1.7%, respectively. The polysaccharide were composed of 62.0~77.8 g/g of pentose, 138.0~187.8 g/g of hexose and 21.2~117.3 ㎎/g of protein. From these results, the polysaccharide extracted was supposed to be a protein-bound polysaccharide.

알로에 베라 겔 한외여과 다당분획의 분자적 특성

권혜미,백진홍,차지민,이신영 한국산업식품공학회 2013 산업 식품공학 Vol.17 No.1

Two fractions (permeate and retentate) from fiber-free Aloe vera gel were separated using ultra-filtration (UF) system with tubular ceramic membrane (MWCO of 50 kDa), and their molecular properties were investigated. The retentate of UF Aloe gel was a polysaccharide-rich fraction containing about 2.3-fold higher polysaccharide content than fiber-free gel. The FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra of this fraction showed the characteristic patterns of β-binding polysaccharide and a higher degree of acetylation indicating a higher level of bioactive polysaccharide content. The molecular weight and polydispersity of polysaccharide fraction from GPC (gel permeation chromatography) were determined to be 36.8-43.9 kDa and 1.24, respectively, indicating a kind of undispersed polysaccharide. From the SEM observation, the surface structure of polysaccharide fraction had a gel cluster-like structure with a convoluted rough surface. The molecular conformation by Congo red assay exhibited a property of helix structure confirming the existence of a higher-ordered structure as a biological activity conformation.

효모성 심부진균증의 면역학적 진단용 표준항원 생산 연구

김봉수,유재일,주형렬,이영선,최연화 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

감잎으로부터 면역 활성 다당의 선택 분리를 위한 간편 방법

이수정(Sue Jung Lee),홍희도(Hee-Do Hong),신광순(Kwang-Soon Shin) 한국식품영양과학회 2016 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.45 No.1

다당이 갖는 각종 생물 활성은 그 구조의 특성 및 분자량 분포에 의해 달라지므로 특정 다당을 분리하기 위한 정제과정은 다당 연구에 있어 필수적으로 요청된다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 특성을 소유한 다당을 분획하기 위한 간편하고 신속한 분리법을 개발하기 위해 한국산 감잎으로부터 조제한 다당 혼합물을 이용, 본 분리법을 최적화하였다. 감잎은 pectinase 처리 후 에탄올 침전법을 통해 조다당 획분인 PLE로 조제되었으며, PLE는 재차 농도별로 연속 희석된 에탄올 용액(EtOH : DIW=4:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1 및 0.5:1)을 이용하여 총 10개 획분(5개 침전물 획분: PLE-4~PLE-0.5, 5개 상등액 획분: PLE-4S~PLE-0.5S)으로 분획하였다. HPLC 분석 결과 PLE-4, PLE-2 획분은 저분자와 고분자 획분이 혼합된 다당이, PLE-1.5~0.5 획분에는 고분자 다당이 주로 검출되었다. 또한 PLE-4~PLE-1 획분은 구성당 분석 결과 RG(rhamnogalacturonan)-I과 RG-II 다당의 지표 구성당인 총 13종의 서로 다른 당으로 구성되어 있음이 확인되었으며, β-arabino-3,6-galactan 잔기를 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만 PLE-0.5 획분에서는 RG-II 및 β-arabino-3,6-galactan 잔기를 함유하고 있지 않았다. 한편 PLE-1.5S~PLE-1S 획분을 처리한 마우스 복강 대식세포에서는 농도 의존적인 IL-6의 생산 증가가 관찰된 반면, 저분자 다당으로 구성된 PLE-4S 및 PLE-2S 획분에서는 활성이 매우 낮음이 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 본 분리 방법이 다양한 특성을 갖는 다당의 혼합물로부터 생물 활성을 갖는 RG류를 신속하고 간편하게 분리하는 데 있어 유용한 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. The biological activity of polysaccharide is greatly influenced by polysaccharide structure and molecular distribution. Here, we developed a rapid and convenient isolation method for fractionating polysaccharides with different characteristics and optimized it using a polysaccharide mixture from Korean persimmon leaves. A crude polysaccharide mixture, persimmon leaves-enzyme (PLE) fraction, was isolated from persimmon leaves digested with pectinase and ethanol precipitation. The PLE fraction was further fractionated with a serially diluted ethanol solution (ethanol : deionized water=4:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1) to produce 10 subfractions (five precipitate fractions labeled from PLE-4 to PLE-0.5 and five supernatant fractions labeled from PLE-4S to PLE-0.5S). HPLC analysis indicated that PLE-4 and -2 consisted of diverse polysaccharides, whereas PLE-1.5, -1, and -0.5 contained high molecular weight (MW) polysaccharides. The fractions from PLE-4 to PLE-1 were mostly composed of 13 different characteristic sugars in rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and II, and the sugars contained an arabino-β-3,6-galactan moiety. However, PLE-0.5 did not contain RG-II or β-arabino-3,6-galactan. Treatment of macrophages with fractions PLE-1.5S and PLE-1S led to a 10 μg/mL increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production, whereas treatment with PLE-4S and PLE-2S fractions composed of low MW polysaccharides resulted in reduced levels of IL-6. These results indicate that this isolation method may be useful for the rapid and convenient fractionation of bioactive RGs from polysaccharide mixtures with various properties.