Fetal Topographical Anatomy of the Pancreatic Head and Duodenum with Special Reference to Courses of the Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries

Zhe Wu Jin,조백환,김형태,Wataru Kimura,Mineko Fujimiya,Gen Murakami,유희철 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.3

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide better understanding as to how the “double” vascular arcades, in contrast to other intestinal marginal vessels,develop along the right margin of the pancreatic head. Materials and Methods: In human fetuses between 8-30 weeks, we described the topographical anatomy of the vessels, bile duct, duodenum as well as the ventral and dorsal primordia of the pancreatic head with an aid of pancreatic polypeptide immunohisto-chemistry. Results: The contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament crossed the superior side of the pylorus. Moreover, the right hepatic artery originating from the superior mesenteric artery ran along the superior aspect of the pancreatic head. An arterial arcade, corresponding to the posterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, encircled the superior part of the pancreatic head, whereas another arcade, corresponding to the anterior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, surrounded the inferior part. The dorsal promordium of the pancreas surrounded and/or mixed the ventral primordium at 13-16 weeks. Thus, both arterial arcades were likely to attach to the dorsal primordium. Conclusion: The fetal anatomy of the pancreaticoduodenal vascular arcades as well as that of the hepatoduodenal ligament were quite different from adults in topographical relations. Thus, in the stage later than 30 weeks, further rotation of the duodenum along a horizontal axis seemed to be required to move the pylorus posterosuperiorly and to reflect the superior surface of the pancreatic head posteriorly. However, to change the topographical anatomy of the superior and inferior arterial arcades into the final position, re-arrangement of the pancreatic parenchyma might be necessary in the head.

Deciphering some demonstrative pronouns in Khitan Small Script

( Wu Ying Zhe ) 한국알타이학회 2011 알타이학보 Vol.0 No.21

During more than 80 years of study, the academic world has been able to decipher most of the Chinese borrowings among the material in the Khitan Small Script. Consequently, based on these Chinese loanwords, scholars have been able to read a number of native Khitan words, even with extreme difficulty. These words include nouns, numerals, adjectives, verbs and particles. However, there was up to now no researcher telling us which Khitan characters denote Khitan pronouns. This paper will deal with the reading of some Khitan demonstrative pronouns relying on the rules of vowel attachment and number agreement in the Khitan Small Script, introduced in my earlier research. I consider the Khitan demonstrative pronouns to be cognate of Mongolic ede ``these`` and tede ``those`` and Manchu [□r□] ``this`` and [t□r□] ``that``. The pronunciation, meaning and declension of the Khitan pronouns still remain to be explored.

Topographical relationships of the yolk sac remnant and vitelline vessels with the midgut loop in the extra-embryonic coelom of human embryos

Zhe-Wu Jin,Ji Hyun Kim,Masahito Yamamoto,Gen Murakami,Shin-ichi Abe,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2022 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.55 No.3

The yolk sac is supplied by the vitelline artery and vein (VA, VV), which run through the yolk stalk in combination with the omphaloenteric duct. Moreover, the VV takes a free posterior course outside the midgut mesentery containing the secondarily-developed superior mesenteric vein (SMV). However, the regression process of these structures has not been demonstrated photographically. The present study evaluated serial histological sections from 20 embryos of stages 15–19 or crown-rump length (CRL) 7.5–20 mm. All specimens carried the SMV as sequential tissue slits. However, an omphaloenteric duct with epithelia continuous with the midgut loop was not observed. In smaller embryos (CRL <13 mm) the VA extended distally or anteriorly from the midgut apex in the extra-embryonic coelom, whereas in larger embryos (CRL 16–20 mm) the artery was absent from the distal side of the apex. The entire course or part of the VV outside the mesentery was always seen, but four larger embryos lacked the venous terminal near the duodenum. A vacuole-like remnant of the yolk sac was present in all smaller embryos (CRL <10 mm), but was absent from 7 of the 11 larger embryos. The size of the remnant was equal to the thickness of the VA or VV, with the remnant being sandwiched between the VA and VV. Moreover, the regressing yolk sac often communicated with or opened to the VV. Consequently, the yolk sac regressed first, followed by the regression of the VA until 6 weeks. The yolk stalk was clearly observed until 5 weeks.

Descent of mesonephric duct to the final position of the vas deferens in human embryo and fetus

Zhe Wu Jin,Hiroshi Abe,Nobuyuki Hinata,Xiang Wu Li,Gen Murakami,José Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2016 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.49 No.4

Because the ureter arises from the mesonephric or Wolffian duct (WD), the WD opening should migrate inferiorly along the urogenital sinus or future urethra. However, this process of descent has not been evaluated morphometrically in previous studies and we know little about intermediate morphologies for the descent. In the present work, serial sagittal sections of 15 specimens at gestational age 6-12 weeks and serial horizontal sections of 20 specimens at 6-10 weeks were analyzed. Monitoring of horizontal sections showed that, until 9 weeks, a heart-, lozenge- or oval-shape of the initial urogenital sinus remained in the bladder and urethra. Thus, the future bladder and urethra could not be distinguished by the transverse section or plane. The maximum width of the urogenital sinus or bladder at 6-10 weeks was 0.8 mm, although its superoinferior length reached 5 mm at 10 weeks. During earlier stages, however, the medial shift of the WD was rather evident. Depending on the extent of upward growth of the bladder smooth muscle, the descent of the vas deferens became evident at 10-12 weeks. Development of the urethral rhabdosphincter likely resulted in the differentiation of urogenital sinus into the urethra and bladder before formation of the bladder neck with 3-layered smooth muscles. Development of the prostate followed these morphological changes, later accelerating the further descent of the WD opening. Because of their close topographical relationships, slight anomalies or accidents of the umbilical cord at 10-12 weeks may have a significant effect on normal anatomy.

Study on Polysaccharide Bonded Abrasive Tool Using Hydrothermal Gelatinisation for Green Machining of Single Crystal Sapphire

Zhe Wu,Yuying Zhang,Yong Liu,Fangli Mo,Chengwu Wang,Huizong Lu,Julong Yuan,Zhifeng Liu 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.25 No.1

Aiming to green machining of single crystal sapphire, polysaccharide-bonded soft abrasive tool using hydrothermal gelatinisation method was proposed. Mechanical properties of prepared polysaccharide films show that when the weight ratio of natural polysaccharide to cross-linked polysaccharide is 1:1, the tensile strength and extension rate of the film are relatively optimal. Composition and making process of polysaccharide bonded abrasive tool was built. Samples of polysaccharide bonded soft abrasive tools were made by which the single crystal sapphire substrates were machined. It is found that by adopting guar gum as dispersion agent and hydrothermal gelatinisation, the abrasive sedimentation during making process of abrasive tool is substantially eliminated, and better abrasive holding ability is attained. XPS and Raman microscope analysis showed that material of single crystal sapphire was removed by mechano-chemical reaction with good surface integrity. Abrasive tools with abrasive to binder ratio of 4:1 presented relatively better self-sharpening and machining performance, and the material removal rate reached 0.427 μm/min. More interesting, XPS and FT-IR analyses both indicated that the polysaccharide binder dehydrated by the friction heat during machining process.

Nervus terminalis and nerves to the vomeronasal organ: a study using human fetal specimens

Zhe Wu Jin,조광호,Shunichi Shibata,Masahito Yamamoto,Gen Murakami,Jose Francisco Rodríguez-Vázquez 대한해부학회 2019 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.52 No.3

The human nervus terminalis (terminal nerve) and the nerves to the vomeronasal organ (VNON) are both associated with the olfactory nerves and are of major interest to embryologists. However, there is still limited knowledge on their topographical anatomy in the nasal septum and on the number and distribution of ganglion cells along and near the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. We observed serial or semiserial sections of 30 fetuses at 7–18 weeks (crown rump length [CRL], 25–160 mm). Calretinin and S100 protein staining demonstrated not only the terminal nerve along the anterior edge of the perpendicular lamina of the ethmoid, but also the VNON along the posterior edge of the lamina. The terminal nerve was composed of 1–2 nerve bundles that passed through the anterior end of the cribriform plate, whereas the VNON consisted of 2–3 bundles behind the olfactory nerves. The terminal nerve ran along and crossed the posterior side of the nasal branch of the anterior ethmoidal nerve. Multiple clusters of small ganglion cells were found on the lateral surfaces of the ethmoid’s crista galli, which are likely the origin of both the terminal nerve and VNON. The ganglions along the crista galli were ball-like and 15–20 µm in diameter and, ranged from 40-153 in unilateral number according to our counting at 21-μm-interval except for one specimen (480 neurons; CRL, 137 mm). An effect of nerve degeneration with increasing age seemed to be masked by a remarkable individual difference.

Application of Resonance Demodulation in Rolling Bearing Early Fault Feature Extraction Based on Electronic Resonance

Zhe Wu,Jianchao Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.11 No.12

Resonance demodulation is a commonly used rolling bearing fault diagnosis method, but resonance frequency of traditional resonance demodulation technology has a certain discreteness due to differences in terms of processing, testing and installation of sensor to collect fault information, so parameter of band-pass filter needs manual pre-determination. At the same time, as information of early bearing minor fault is often submerged in strong background noise, signal to noise ratio is low. Application of traditional resonance demodulation method to improve signal to noise ratio is with limited capability, and diagnosis effect is not obvious. This paper makes use of the equivalence of electrical resonance system and mechanical resonance system and gains resonance of sensor output signal through electrical resonator, which breaks through shortcomings of traditional method, achieve ultra narrow brand high-resolution detection, and improves signal to noise ratio of fault feature signal. Finally, verification is done through simulation fault bearing signal and actually collected fault signal. The results proves validity and effectiveness of the proposed method which has an important guiding significance for engineering

Relationship of the fabella with the origins of the plantaris and gastrocnemius lateral head muscles in late-term fetuses: a histological study

Zhe-Wu Jin,Ji Hyun Kim,Daisuke Suzuki,Namiko Sugai,Gen Murakami,Hiroshi Abe,José,Francisco Rodrí,guez-Vá,zquez 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.2

Previous studies of midterm fetuses indicated that a cartilaginous fabella appeared to be embedded in the plantaris (PL), and was fused with the gastrocnemius lateral head (GL). We re-examined the topographical anatomy of the fabella or its analogue (a tight fibrous mass) originating in the GL and/or PL by evaluating histological sections of the unilateral knees of 15 late-term fetuses. Regardless of whether the cartilaginous fabella was present (6 fetuses) or absent (9 fetuses), the origins of the PL and GL muscles each had three parts. In each fetus, the fabella or its analogue was embedded in a thick common tendinous origin of the GL and PL. PL1 (whose origin is similar to that of the adult PL) originated from the femoral condyle immediately above the common tendon; PL2 originated from the posteromedial aspect of the fabella or its analogue; and PL3 originated from the inferior aspect of the fabella or its analogue. The muscle fibers of PL1, PL2, and PL3 joined to provide a thick plantaris. GL1 (which is adjacent to PL2) originated from the common tendon in the superior side of the fabella or its analogue and GL2 originated from the inferior side of the fabella or its analogue. GL1 and GL2 joined to provide a thick bundle, whereas GL3 (located far below the fabella or its analogue) originated from the posterior surface aponeurosis. Therefore, drastic reconstruction at these muscle origins was necessary during development. Due to the strong mechanical stress from the GL and the space-occupying effect of the muscle, we hypothesize that PL2 and PL3 are degraded or absorbed into the GL1 and GL2 during the postnatal period, so that the remaining PL1 was likely the remaining PL in adults.

Nonlinear analysis of interaction between flexible pile group and soil

Zhe Wu,Jie Liu,Q. S. Li 국제구조공학회 2005 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.20 No.5

Studies on Purification of 1,3-propanediol by Molecular Distillation

Zhe Wang,Zhe Wu,Tianwei Tan 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.4

The separation of 1,3-propanediol using molecular distillation has been studied. The effects of operating temperature and feed flow rate through a sequential distillation strategy were investigated. The optimal experimental temperature was at 70oC for separating 1,3-propanediol and the by-product 2,3-butanediol. Meanwhile, the volume flow rate was 10 mL/min. As a result, the recovery of 1,3-propanediol and 2,3-butanediol were 87.6 and 87.5%,respectively. Furthermore, the integrated separation characteristic of 1,3-propanediol was evaluated through macrolevel and micro-level models. The separation factors of 1,3-propanediol versus 2,3-butanediol and glycerol were 0.11 and 1.07, respectively, affirming that the separation of 1,3-propanediol by molecular distillation was feasible.