시호억간탕(柴胡抑肝湯)이 스트레스로 인한 기억저하와 우울행동에 미치는 영향

조용국,이태희,Jo, Yong-Kook,Lee, Tae-Hee 대한한의학방제학회 2007 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

Objectives: This study is carried out to investigate the anti-stress effects of the sihoueokgantang in rats. Methods: we performed the passive avoidance test and the forced swimming test. The degrees of TH were also measured with immunohistochemical method in the regions of VTA and LC. Results: 1. As the results of the passive avoidance test. the sihoueokgantang showed tendency to improvement in compared with control group. 2. As the results of the forced swimming test, immobility of rats was significantly decreased in sihoueokgantang in compared with control group. 3. As the results of TH expression in the region of the LC, TH-immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased in the sihoueokgantang 100 mg/kg. As the results of TH expression in the region of the VTA. TH-immunoreactive cells were significantly decreased in the sihoueokgantang 400 mg/kg. Conclusion: As the results above, it can be considered that sihoueokgantang has the effects of preventing depression and memory decrease caused by stress.

발효더덕 추출물이 흰쥐의 인지능 회복에 미치는 효과

박성진(Sung Jin Park),박동식(Dong Sik Park),김승섭(Seung Seop Kim),허신용(Xinlong He),안주희(Ju Hee Ahn),윤원병(Won Byung Yoon),이현용(Hyeon Yong Lee) 한국식품영양과학회 2010 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.39 No.11

본 실험에서는 발효더덕을 제조한 후 발효더덕의 건망증에 대한 효과를 scoplamnine으로 유도된 건망증 모델을 이용하여 수동회피시험(passive avoidance test)과 Morris 수 중미로시험(Morris water maze test)을 이용하여 행동학적 변화를 통하여 발효더덕의 기억력 개선 능력 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 더덕 및 발효더덕 추출물 167, 333, 667 ㎎/㎏을 경구투여 한 결과 발효더덕 추출물의 333 ㎎/㎏ 및 667 ㎎/㎏ 그룹에서 각각 120.9±15.3초 및 140.7±18.0초에 대하여 통계적으로 유의성 있게 latency time이 증가하였으며, 특히 333 ㎎/㎏의 용량에서 대조군의 85% 수준으로 회복하는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, Morris water maze test를 실시에서도 더덕 및 발효더덕 추출물 처리군에서는 scopolamine에 의한 기억 손상이 개선되어 대조군의 escape latency 수준으로 회복되었다. 이상의 결과 발효더덕 추출물의 경구 섭취는 scopolamine으로 유도된 기억력 감퇴 동물모델에서 기억력 개선 및 인지능력을 향상시킬 수 있다고 생각되며, 효과의 기전 및 효능성분을 확인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. In the present study, we assessed whether the extracts of Codonopsis lanceolata and fermented C. lanceolata posses the cognition-enhancing effect in rats with impaired learning and memory by scopolamine treatment (1 ㎎/㎏, i.p.), an antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor. The fermented C. lanceolata extract (333, 667 ㎎/㎏) significantly reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test (p<0.05). Moreover, fermented C. lanceolata extract (333 ㎎/㎏) also improved escape latencies in training trials of Morris water maze test (p<0.05). The water extract of fermented C. lanceolata showed significant anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent of the learning models.

Antidepressant Effects of Gammakdaejo-Tang on Repeated Immobilization Stress in the Ovariectomized Female Rats

박현정,심현수,이혜정,윤영주,심인섭 한의병리학회 2011 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 3 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a passive avoidance test (PAT) test and also the anxiety-related behavior on the elevated pulse maze (EPM) in ovariectomized female rats. We assessed the changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The rats were exposed to the immobilization (IMO) stress for 14 days (2hours/day), and Gammakdaejo-Tang (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Treatments with GMT caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a working memory test, and it also produced an anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM, and increased the ChAT reactivities (p<0.001, respectively). These results suggest that Gammakdaejo-Tang might prove to be an effective antidepressant agent.

생약복합물이 흰쥐의 체내에서 항산화 및 인지개선활성에 미치는 영향

강진순,Kang, Jin-Soon 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.3

인지기능 활성을 가진 생약복합물을 선정하여 최적조성물을 조제한 다음, 생약복합물의 첨가비율을 달리하여 치매유도 동물모델에서 항산화 효과와 인지기능 개선을 확인한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 20일간 사육한 흰쥐 혈청의 GOT, GPT, creatinine 및 BUN 활성을 측정한 결과, 생약복합물을 투여한 군(3, 4군)이 정상군(1군)에 비해 GOT 농도는 감소하였고, GPT 농도와 Creatinine 농도는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. BUN 농도는 정상군(1군)에 비해 생약복합물을 투여한 군(3, 4군)이 유의적으로 감소하였다. 2. 혈액 중의 총 콜레스테롤과 HDL-cholesterol은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 중성지방은 전군에서 정상군(1군)에 비해 치매유발군인 2군이 낮았고, 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군), 치매치료군(5군)은 가장 낮았으며, 이들 군 간에는 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 3. 혈액 SOD 활성은 정상군(1군), TMT 투여군(2군) 및 tacrine 투여군(5군) 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군)이 다소 높아 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다(p<0.05). MDA 함량은 정상군인 1군과 치매치료군인 5군이 치매유발군인 2군과 생약복합물 투여군(3, 4군)에 비해 유의적으로 높았으며, 2, 3, 4군 간에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 4. AChE 활성은 TMT로 치매를 유발한 2군이 가장 높았으며, 치매치료군(5군)은 정상군(1군)의 수준으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 생약복합물을 투여한 3군, 4군에서는 유의적 차이는 없으나, TMT로 치매를 유발한 2군보다는 유의적으로 감소하였고(p<0.05), 치매치료군인 5군보다는 다소 높게 나타났다. 5. 단기기억능력을 시험하기 위한 Y-maze를 실시한 결과는 Y-maze의 각 arm을 통과한 총 횟수는 전군에서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 교차행동력은 TMT 투여군인 2군이 가장 낮았으며, 치매치료제인 tacrine을 투여한 5군이 가장 높아 5군(tacrine 투여)은 TMT 투여군인 2군에 비해 약 125% 현저한 기억력 증가를 보였다. 이에 반해 생약복합물 투여한 2, 3군은 정상군과 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, TMT 투여군인 2군에 비해 각각 117.32%와 120.38% 수준으로 기억력 증가를 보였다. 장기기억능력을 시험하기 위한 수동회피실험의 결과, TMT 투여군(2군)은 전군에서 가장 낮았으나, 생약복합물 중, 고용량 투여군(3, 4군) 및 tacrine 투여군은 증가하였고, 특히 고용량(4군)에서 유의성 있는 증가를 나타내어(p<0.05) 정상군에 가깝게 회복시켜 주는 경향을 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과를 통하여 생약복합물은 치매 유발 동물모델의 항산화능의 저하를 억제하고, AChE 활성을 억제하여 ACh의 활성을 촉진하므로 장 단기 기억능력의 회복 및 개선효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 향후 생약복합물의 농도에 따른 첨가군을 확대하여 인지기능 개선에 가장 효과적인 최적농도를 도출하는 연구가 계속 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of this experiment was designed to investigate the effects of medicinal herbs (MH) extracts on dementia induced by trimethyltin chloride (TMT) in rats. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups; normal group (group 1), control group (group 2), MH extracts group (250, 500 mg/kg) (group 3, group 4) and positive control group (tacrine group, group 5). In the control group to induce dementia, a 2.5 mg/kg of TMT intraperitoneal injection was used for 14 days (1 per day) in the rats. In the MH extracts group 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of MH extracts were medicated in an oral inoculation for 20 days (1 per day). After 30 minutes, a 2.5 mg/kg of TMT intraperitoneal injection, which causes dementia, was used for 14 days (1 per day). In the positive control group (Tacrine group) 10 mg/kg of Tacrine, the dementia treatment, was medicated in an oral inoculation. After 30 mintues, 1 mg/kg of TMT intraperitoneal injection, which causes dementia, was used for 14 days (1 per day). The present author observed the passive avoidance performance test, and memory ability test (Y maze test), the values of MDA, acetlycholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain and antioxidant enzyme in serum. MH extracts significantly improved memory of AD model rats in the Y-maze test, and also significantly improved memory of AD model rats in the passive avoidance test. MH extracts significantly reduced AChE activity, and significantly increased the SOD level, but not catalase and MDA. From the results above, MH extracts is thought to be effective in the improvement of antioxidant enzymes and memory ability.

후박 에탄올 추출물의 불안 및 인지기능에 대한 효과

이현기,이언정,Lee, Hyun-ki,Lee, Un-jung 대한한방내과학회 2015 大韓韓方內科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

The bark of Magnolia officinalis has been used in traditional oriental medicine to treat a variety of mental disorders including anxiety and depression. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of M. officinalis ethanol extract on stress-induced alterations in learning and cognitive function using a passive avoidance test (PAT) and also on anxiety-related behavior using the elevated plus-maze test (EPM) in female rats . The degree of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the region of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the locus coeruleus (LC) was measured using an immunohistochemical method. Corticosterone concentrations in serum were also measured. The ethanol extract from Magnolia officinalis was orally administered to female rats 30 minutes before evaluating their immobilization stress and anxiety-related behavior using an elevated plus-maze test and a passive avoidance test. Time spent in the open arms of the EPM increased in the M. officinalis-treated group compared with that of the saline-treated control group. In the passive avoidance test, the memory and cognitive function improved in the M. officinalis extract-treated group. M. officinalis extracts reduced elevated corticosterone concentrations in serum. Also, stress-induced TH increases were suppressed in the M. officinalis extract-treated group in the LC and the VTA region. These results suggest that M. officinalis might prove to be an effective anxiolytic anti-stress agent.

Effect of Codonopsis lanceolata with Steamed and Fermented Process on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

( Jin Bae Weon ),( Bo Ra Yun ),( Ji Woo Lee ),( Min Rye Eom ),( Hyun Jeong Ko ),( Ji Seon Kim ),( Hyeon Yong Lee ),( Dong Sik Park ),( Hee Chul Chung ),( Jae Youn Chung ),( Choong Je Ma ) 한국응용약물학회 2013 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.21 No.5

Codonopsis lanceolata (Campanulaceae) traditionally have been used as a tonic and to treat patients with lung abscesses. Recently, it was proposed that the extract and some compounds isolated from C. lanceolata reversed scopolamine-induced memory and learning defi cits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the improvement of cognitive enhancing effect of C. lanceolata by steam and fermentation process in scopolamine-induced memory impairment mice models by passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test. The extract of C. lanceolata or the extract of steamed and fermented C. lanceolata (SFCE) was orally administered to male mice at the doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight. As a result, mice treated with steamed and fermented C. lanceolata extract (SFCE) (300 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) showed shorter escape latencies than those with C. lanceolata extract or the scopolamine-administered group in Morris water maze test. Also, it exerted longer step-through latency time than scopolamine treated group in passive avoidance test. Furthermore, neuroprotective effect of SFCE on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in HT22 cells. Only SFCE-treated cells showed signifi cant protection at 500 μg/ml. Interestingly, steamed C. lanceolata with fermentation contained more phenolic acid including gallic acid and vanillic acid than original C. lanceolata. Collectively, these results suggest that steam and fermentation process of C. lanceolata increased cognitive enhancing activity related to the memory processes and neuroprotective effect than original C. lanceolata.

발효당귀의 인지기능 및 기억력 향상효과

서민준(Minjun Seo),박진한(Jinhan Park),이제현(Jehyun Lee),정지욱(Jiwook Jung) 한국한의학연구원 2011 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.17 No.1

Objective : In the present study, we assessed the enhancing effect of the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix on memory and cognitive function in scopolamine induced amnesia mice. Method : The memory and cognitive enhancing effect of the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix was investigated using a passive avoidance test, the Morris water maze test and Y-maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by treating animals with scopolamine. Result : The fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix significantily reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in the passive avoidance test. Moreover, the fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze. On the Y-maze test, fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix also significantily reversed the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in mice. Conclusion : The fermented Angelicae Gigantis Radix possesses the anti-amnestic and cognitive-enhancing activities related to the memory processes, and these activities were parallel to treatment duration and dependent on the learning models.

Anti-Amnesic Effect of Fermented Ganoderma lucidum Water Extracts by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

최유진,양희선,조준희,이상천,박태용,최봉석,서경선,허창기 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.2

This study investigated the anti-amnesic effect of fermented Ganoderma lucidum water extracts (GW) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. GW were fermented by the lactic acid bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (FGWB), followed by Lactobacillus sakei LI033 (FGWBL). To induce amnesia, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats 30 min before the behavioral tests. Step-through latencies of rats treated with primary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWB) and secondary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWBL) were significantly longer than those of rats treated with GW (300 mg/kg) in the retention trial of the multiple trial passive avoidance test. In the Morris water maze task, FGWBL significantly shortened escape latencies in training trials. Furthermore, swimming times within the target zone during the probe trial with FGWBL were significantly higher than the GW and FGWB treatments. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activities were lower in the brains of scopolamine-treated rats treated with FGWBL. These results suggest that FGWBL could be useful to enhance learning memory and cognitive function via cholinergic dysfunction.

Anti-Amnesic Effect of Fermented Ganoderma lucidum Water Extracts by Lactic Acid Bacteria on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Rats

Yu Jin Choi,Hee Sun Yang,Jun Hee Jo,Sang Cheon Lee,Tae Young Park,Bong Suk Choi,Kyoung Sun Seo,Chang Ki Huh 한국식품영양과학회 2015 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.20 No.2

This study investigated the anti-amnesic effect of fermented Ganoderma lucidum water extracts (GW) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. GW were fermented by the lactic acid bacterium Bifidobacterium bifidum (FGWB), followed by Lactobacillus sakei LI033 (FGWBL). To induce amnesia, scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected into rats 30 min before the behavioral tests. Step-through latencies of rats treated with primary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWB) and secondary fermented extracts (300 mg/kg, FGWBL) were significantly longer than those of rats treated with GW (300 mg/kg) in the retention trial of the multiple trial passive avoidance test. In the Morris water maze task, FGWBL significantly shortened escape latencies in training trials. Furthermore, swimming times within the target zone during the probe trial with FGWBL were significantly higher than the GW and FGWB treatments. In addition, acetylcholinesterase activities were lower in the brains of scopolamine-treated rats treated with FGWBL. These results suggest that FGWBL could be useful to enhance learning memory and cognitive function via cholinergic dysfunction.

Antidepressant Effects of Gammakdaejo-Tang on Repeated Immobilization Stress in the Ovariectomized Female Rats

Park, Hyun-Jung,Shim, Hyun-Soo,Lee, Hye-Jung,Yun, Young-Ju,Shim, In-Sop The Physiological Society of Korean Medicine and T 2011 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.25 No.5

Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) is a traditional oriental medicinal formula, a mixture of 3 crude drugs, and it has been clinically used for treating mild depressive disorders. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of Gammakdaejo-Tang (GMT) on repeated stress-induced alterations of learning and memory on a passive avoidance test (PAT) test and also the anxiety-related behavior on the elevated pulse maze (EPM) in ovariectomized female rats. We assessed the changes in the reactivity of the cholinergic system by measuring the immunoreactive neurons of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the hippocampus after behavioral testing. The rats were exposed to the immobilization (IMO) stress for 14 days (2hours/day), and Gammakdaejo-Tang (400 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered 30 min before IMO stress. Treatments with GMT caused significant reversals of the stress-induced deficits in learning and memory on a working memory test, and it also produced an anxiolytic-like effect on the EPM, and increased the ChAT reactivities (p<0.001, respectively). These results suggest that Gammakdaejo-Tang might prove to be an effective antidepressant agent.