실험적 진폐증에서 투여약제에 따른 면역학적 병리학적 조직변화

윤임중,임현우,노영만,오상용,정장영,임영,김경아 가톨릭 대학 산업의학 쎈타 산업의학연구소 1993 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.32 No.2

To access the effects of some drugs such as piperazine phosphare, azathioprine and allopurinol in the experimental pneumoconiosis, 263 rats weighted 240-320 gm was divided into the control and eight experimental groups. To each group, the turbid solution mixed free silica, talc and natural coal dust of 50 mg in 0.8 ml saline were instilled intratracheally. At the begining and 5th week of experiment, piperazine phosphate(8mg/week orally), aspirin(1.5mg/day intramuscularly), azathioprine(25mg/day orally) and allopurinol(1.5mg/day orally) were administered simultaneously, while the dust turbid solution was only given to the control group. For each group the change of body weight. dry right lung weight, cellularity including total cell, macrophage, lymphocyte and neurtrophil in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, superoxide ion, hydroxyproline, leukotriene B₄, tumor necrotsis factor, prostaglandin E₂were examined, and observed the pathological chages in lung tissue. The results were as follow : 1. The larger amount of their instilled dust and the longer observation period, the severer pathological findings were found in the lung tissue of each experimental group. 2. The body and dry right lung wight was not significantly changed in the experimental groups compared with the control group. 3. The number of total cell in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was markedly less in the experimental group than the control one, while no significant difference was found in the percent alveolar macrophages and lymphocytes in both groups. However, the percent of neutrophiles was usually lower than in the control group. 4. The amount of superoxide ion was frequently less in the experimental group compared with the control one. 5. The amount of hydroxyproline was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control one. 6. The amount of leukotriene B₄was usually less in the drug administered group than in the control one. 7. The amount of tumor necrotic factor was also frequently lower in each experimental group than in the control one. 8. The amount of prostaglandin E₂was usually higher in each experimental group than in the control one.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

직장암의 림프절 전이에 대한 고찰

노정호,김영진 대한대장항문학회 1994 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.10 No.1

Plasma arc light를 이용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향과 중합시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향

노상정,이현정,전영미,김정기 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.5

본 연구는 Plasma arc light를 이용하여 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향, 중합시간 그리고 경화시간이 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해서 시행되었다. 240개의 발거된 소구치를 15군으로 나눈 후, 광중합기(Plasma arc light와 Halogen light), 중합시간(Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6초와 Halogen light 20초), 그리고 광조사 방향(Vertical 방향과 Oblique 방향)을 다르게 하여 브라켓을 부착하였다. 광중합 접착제는 Transbond XT를 이용하였으며 브라켓 부착 후 5분과 24시간 후에 만능물성시험기를 이용하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다 광중합기의 종류와 중합시간에 관계없이 Vertical군과 Oblique군 간의 전단결합강도는 유의한 차이가 없었다 (p>0.05). Plasma arc light를 이용하여 2초 동안 광중합한 군들의 전단결합강도는 다른 중합시간의 군들보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). 부착 5분 후의 전단결합강도는 24시간 후보다 현저히 낮았다 (p<0.05). ARI 점수는 군들 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과는 plasma arc light를 사용한 금속 브라켓의 부착시 광조사 방향은 전단결합강도에 영향을 끼치지 않으며, Halogen light와 유사한 결합강도를 얻기 위해서는 4초 이상의 중합시간이 필요함을 시사한다. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different light direction. exposure times and setting times when using plasma arc light on shear bond strength of metal brackets. 240 extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to one of 16 groups. Standardized brackets were bonded to enamel using different light curing units (Plasma arc light and Halogen light), exposure times (Plasma arc light 2, 4, 6 seconds and Halogen light 20 seconds), and light directions (Vertical direction [V] and Oblique direction [O]). 8 groups were tested after 5 minutes and the remaining 8 groups after 24 hours. The metal brackets were bonded with Transbond XT. Shear bond strength was measured by a universal testing machine. The results were as follows: There were no differences between the shear bond strengths of the Vertical groups (V) and Oblique groups (O), regardless of exposure times and types of light curing units (p>0.05), The shear bond strength of the group with 2 seconds of plasma light were significantly lower than other exposure time groups (p<0.05). The shear bond strength tested after 5 minutes was lower than after 24 hours (p<0.05). The Adhesive Remment Index (ARI) score showed no statistically significant difference among the different groups. The results of this study suggested that the light direction of plasma arc light had no influence on the shear bond strength of metal brackets to enamel, and exposure times more than 4 seconds produced shear bond strengths similar to those produced with a conventional halogen curing light.

제조업 종사 지체장애근로자의 스트레스 관련요인

정민예,박정일,구정완,노영만 大韓産業醫學會 2003 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.15 No.1

목적: 본 연구는 지체장애근로자의 스트레스의 정도를 파악하고 이에 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되는 여러 요인 들 즉 일반적 특성, 장애관련 특성, 직업관련 특성, 직무 스트레스 원, 중재변인들과의 관련성을 규명함으로써 지체장애근로자들의 스트레스의 예방적 관리 방안에 대한 방향을 설정하는데 필요한 자료를 구하고자 수행하였다. 방법: 본 연구의 대상자는 경·인 지방 제조업 종사 지체장애근로자로 방문과 우편 설문 조사를 통하여 응답한 341명이었다. 스트레스 수준의 측정은 신뢰도와 타당도가 인정된 Goldberg의 GHQ-60을 수정보완한 사회 심리적 건강 측정도구인 Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI)를 사용하였다. 관련변수들은 일반적 특성, 장애관련특성, 직업관련특성과 직무 스트레스 원으로 하였고 기타변수로 조직 외 요인(가정요인, 사회적 자원), 개인관련요인(욕구 및 가치, A형 행동, 통제소재 및 인구통계 특성), 자아존중감, 대처전략으로 설정하였다. 수집된 자료는 SAS 6.12 통계프로그램으로 분석하였다. 결과: 지체장애근로자의 스트레스수준에 영향을 미치는 관련요인은 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 분석한 결과 본인이 지각한 건강상태가 좋지 않은 경우, 자아 존중감이 낮은 경우, 규칙적 운동을 하지 않은 경우, 업무 중 장애로 인한 어려움을 느끼는 경우, 집안이동능력이 독립적이지 못한 경우, 직업에서 집단 갈등이 있는 경우, 그리고 역할 갈등을 느끼는 경우, A형 행동 유형인 경우였다. 결론: 지체장애근로자의 스트레스 수준을 낮추기 위해서는 건강증진프로그램의 개발과 제공, 작업보조시설 지원과 더불어 집단갈등 및 역할갈등을 포함한 직업관련갈등을 감소시키기 위한 방안마련이 요구된다. Objectives: This study was performed to measure the stress level of physically disabled workers, and to inestigate the relationship between the stress dimensions and stress inducting factors of physically disabled workers in the Korean manufacturing industry. Methods: The sample used in this study consisted of 341 physically disabled workers who had been working at companies in Seoul, Inchon, and Gyung-gi provinces. The Psycho-social Well-being Index (PWI), a modified version of Goldberg's 60-items of General Health Questionnaire (GHS), was used to measure the stress level. The following independent and moderate variables were desinged for the same purpose. The independent variables were general and disability characteristics, workplace-related characteristics, and job stressor of the respondents. The other variables included organization-related stressors (social and family support) and person related stressors (needs and values, type A behavior pattern, locus of control and demographics), self-esteem and coping strategy. The collected data were analyzed using SAS version 6.12 program. Results: Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the significant variables on the stress level of physically disabled workers were poor self-perceived health status, low self-esteem, absence of regular exercise, physically disabled condition affecting work performance capability, dependent mobility at home, interpersonal conflict, role conflict and A type behavior pattern. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that appropriate health program should be established and provided for reducing the stress of physically disabled workers in the manufacturing industry. In addition, various vocational programs for decreasing interpersonal and role conflicts should be developed.

Cyclosporin A에 의한 비만세포 고사(apoptosis)

노환중,장형준,조규섭,김유선,유영현,전경명 대한이비인후과학회 2001 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.44 No.12

경남지역 생산직 남자 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동참여 수준별 요통 유병률 조사

정영미,김병로,정성림 창원대학교 체육과학연구소 2003 경남 체육연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 근로자들의 근로형태 및 운동 참여 수준별 요통 유병률을 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상자는 창원, 마산, 김해, 통영 등 9개 지역과 19개소의 제조업체 생산직 남자 근로자 533명 중 요통이 있는 254명을 대상으로 하였고, 검사지는 일반사항 및 근로형태 5문항과 운동에 관한 사항 5문항, 요통에 관한 사항 12문항으로 총 22문항으로 구성하여 조사하였으며 수집된 자료는 SAS PC/Program을 이용하여 빈도와 비율을 산출하고 카이스퀘어(Chi-Square)검증을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 근무형태별 요통 유병률은 3교대에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 근무기간별로는 11-20년에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 작업자세별로는 앉은 자세에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 작업형태별로는 중량물 취급유에서 높게 나타났으며 유의한 차이가 있었다. 운동빈도별 요통 유병률은 주5회 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동종목별로는 사이클링에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동실시기간별로는 6개월 이상에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 운동시간별로는 30분-1시간에서 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이가 없었다. 운동강도별로는 강한 강도에서 요통이 가장 높게 나타났으나 유의한 차이는 없었다.

유산 완충용액의 pH 및 포화도 변화에 따른 법랑질 내 수산화인회석 결정 형태의 변화

전영의,정일영,노병덕,이찬영 大韓齒科保存學會 2007 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.32 No.6

Since it was reported that incipient enamel caries can be recovered, previous studies have quantitatively evaluated that enamel artificial caries have been remineralized with fluoride, showing simultaneously the increase of width of surface layer and the decrease of width of the body of legion. There is, however, little report which showed that remineralization could occur without fluoride. In addition, the observations on the change of hydroxyapatite crystals also have been scarcely seen. In this study, enamel caries in intact premolars or molars was induced by using lactic acidulated buffering solutions over 2 days. Then decalcified specimens were remineralized by seven groups of solutions using different degree of saturation (0.212, 0.239, 0.301, 0.355) and different pH (5.0, 5.5, 6.0) over 10 days. A qualitative comparison to changes of hydroxyapatite crystals after fracturing teeth was made under SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). The results were as follows : 1. The size of hydroxyapatite crystals in demineralized area was smaller than the normal ones. While the space among crystals was expanded, it was observed that crystals are arranged irregularly. 2. In remineralized enamel area, the enlarged crystals with various shape were observed when the crystals were fused and new small crystals in intercrystalline spaces were deposited. 3. Group 3 and 4 with higher degree of saturation at same pH showed the formation of large clusters by aggregation of small crystals from the surface layer to the lesion body than group 1 and 2 with relatively low degree of saturation at same pH did. Especially group 4 showed complete remineralization to the body of lesions. Group 5 and 6 with lower pH at similar degree of saturation showed remineralization to the body of lesions while group 7 didn't show it. Unlike in Group 3 and 4, Group 5 and 6 showed that each particle was densely distributed with clear appearance rather than crystals form clusters together. 법랑질 초기 우식이 회복된다는 것이 보고된 이래 법랑질에 대하여 불소를 첨가한 상태에서 행했던 이전의 연구들은 법랑질 인공우식의 재광화가 표면층의 증가와 함께 병소본체의 폭 감소가 일어난다는 정량적인 평가는 많이 하였으나 불소를 첨가하지 않은 상태에서는 재광화가 일어났다는 연구는 부족하였고, 또 수산화인회석 결정의 입자 변화에 대한 관찰도 미비하였다. 본 연구는 탈회나 균열이 없는 소구치 및 대구치를 대상으로 탈회 완충용액을 이용하여 법랑질을 2일간 탈회시키고, pH와 포화도가 상이한 7가지 유산 완충용액으로 10일 동안 재광화를 유도한 후 치아를 파절시켜 수산회인회석 결정의 변화를 원자현미경과 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 정상적으로 비교 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탈회된 부위에서 관찰된 수산화인회석 결정은 정상적인 수산화인회석 결정보다 크기가 작았으며 결정 사이의 공간이 증가하면서 결정들이 불규칙하게 존재하는 것이 관찰되었다. 2. 재광화된 부위에서는 탈회에 의하여 형성된 빈 공간에 작은 수산화인회석 결정이 새로 침착되는 양상과 결정들이 융합하여 다양한 모습을 갖는 더 커진 결정들을 관찰할 수 있었다. 3. 동일한 pH에서 포화도가 더 높은 3군, 4군은 1군, 2군에 비하여 표면층에서부터 병소본체까지 작은 결정들이 모여 큰 cluster를 형성하였으며 특히 4군에서는 병소본체까지 완전한 재광화가 일어났다. 비슷한 포화도에서는 pH가 더 낮은 5군, 6군은 7군에 비하여 병소본체까지 재광화가 일어났으며 3군, 4군처럼 결정들이 모여 cluster를 형성하기보다는 개개의 입자들이 뚜렷한 외형을 가지며 매우 치밀하게 분포되어 있었다.

韓國利益集團의 政治參與實態 및 그 發展方案硏究 : 大邱의 경우를 중심으로 A Case Study and Its Policy Implications

李瑛雨,鄭然植,盧東一 경북대학교 1987 社會科學 Vol.6 No.-

This paper analyzes the problems in the political participations of the interest groups and derives some policy implications for the development of democracy in Korea. A survey of 105 social and economic interest groups and 556 residents -181 as elites and 375 as masses-was performed in Taegu during August and September, 1987. We found through the survey that the interest groups usually participate into government agencies with conventional methods rather than non-government agencies with unconventional methods. The power and distributional structures are crucial factors characterizing the participations of Korean interest groups. The two structures, therefore, should be properly reorganized when we design the policies to develop the interest group politics in Korea.

單調增加荷重을 받는 平面 트러스의 複合 非線型 擧動에 關한 硏究

權寧煥,金和中,金明璇,魯德煥 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1990 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.18 No.-

The object of this study is that develop computer program as being derive simple formula considering complex (material and geometric) nonlinear, and select the most useful truss in efficiency with the analysis Howe truss, Fink truss, Pratt truss and Warren truss. The complex nonlinear behavior is considered in this paper, so is acquired following results. 1. We developed program that could analyze complex nonlinear of plane truss. 2. In view of the results analyzied the numerical analysis example of plane truss, When Howe truss, Fink truss, Pratt truss, and Warren truss are equal to weight and span, and the same load is loaded. Among the trusses of same weight, Warren truss is the most useful in efficiency. And When height of warren truss is changed, the lower height of truss, the more useful in efficiency